全国大学生英语竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析(阅卷老师经验谈).doc

大英竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析
全国大学生英语竞赛中的作文测试由两部分构成，分别是一篇120词左右的应用文与一篇150词左右的看图作文，分值各为10分与20分。书面表达是考核学生语言综合应用能力的一种题型，也是各级、各类考试中考生感到最难、最没有把握的项目之一。全国大学生英语竞赛要求考生在规定时间内完成两篇不同体裁的文章，其难度可想而知。
一、 应用文写作的技巧与注意事项
应用文是我们在日常学习、工作、生活中处理事务、商洽工作所必需的常用文体，具有很高的实用价值。应用文的命题形式主要为私人信件、备忘录、报告、便条。所涉及的内容主要是关于日常交际与生活方面的，诸如写信就某事表示感谢、求助或道歉，因产品或服务而写信投诉或索赔；就某些事务活动，如开会、购买物品等，写个备忘录或报告；留言或出售物品的便条；应聘、求职方面的信函。从形式上来看，应用文的写作都有一定的格式。由于平时练习较少，大多数考生对此题型较为陌生，写作中存在的主要问题除了语言上的错误之外还突出表现在：不熟悉英语应用文的行文格式；语域运用能力差（语域指在书面语和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等）。总结起来，应用文的写作要遵循“五个C”的原则，即做到简洁（Concise）、清楚（Clear）、正确（Correct）、礼貌（Courteous）与完整（Complete）。由于历次考试中的应用文测试多为书信的写作，下面将结合书信的写作谈谈应用文的写作技巧与注意事项。
书信是思想、情感、信息交流的重要纽带。写信与写文章一样需要花时间认真构思，但又与一般的作文有所不同。一封写得好的信除了需把所要表达的内容组织得条理清楚外，还要注意其表达方式。就内容而言，书信共分两大类：个人书信与事务书信。但无论哪种信函，写作时都要遵循上面提到的“5C”原则，并注意写信的格式正确。一般而言，书信由六部分组成：信头、封内地址、称呼、正文、结尾谦语及签名。考生在应用文的训练中要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式、注意事项、写作特点等，注重信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。除了应掌握应用文特定的格式外，在平时的写作训练中还要培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。应用文写作能力的提高不可能一蹴而就，必须经过长期的实践锻炼才能逐步得以提高。请看下面的试题：
Directions: Suppose you are Li Ming. One of your roommates is getting addicted to smoking. You are going to write a letter, trying to persuade him to quit. Your letter should be persuasive. It may be advisable to include the following points in your letter.
A letter to a roommate
1) His smoking is becoming a problem for all his roommates.
2) He is ruining his health.
3) Smoking harms the health of others around him, too.
4) He can quit if he is determined.
You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. Now write the letter.
【参考范文】
A letter to a roommate
Dear Wang Tao,
It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people’s health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems. It does great harm to our health, not only to the one who smokes, but also to others in the same room. For smokers, it is a great waste of money, and it causes many kinds of diseases. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. Besides, many fires are caused by careless smokers. As your roommates we are sometimes really annoyed by your smoking.
Today, more and more people are beginning to realize the harm of smoking and decide to give it up. On the other hand, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. However, we are showing great confidence to you. Since we have been together for two years, we know that you are a determined person. Once you set a goal you will try every means to realize it. This time we are sure that you will give up smoking for the sake of your health.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
二、 看图作文的写作技巧与注意事项
看图作文的一个难点就是审题，也就是从图画提供的有关信息中提炼出观点。这种观点或者是对图表信息的概括，或者是依据图表信息对发展趋势进行预测。图画作文的关键是，不能就事论事，不能画了什么就只谈什么，而要善于就图画反映的社会现象进行探讨。审题构思时要注意提纲要求、图画寓意和情景说明，三个角度都考虑到位了，再通过象征联想原则，把画面信息放大，联想到画面细节所象征的特殊意义。创作时往往采取三段式结构，结合提纲严谨创作。第一段为图画描述段，详细描述图画信息，争取能把各种细节一网打尽，但不能随意联想到画面以外的东西。第二段往往为意义阐释段，要点出画面信息所象征的抽象意义，指出图画/讽刺画所传达出的真正涵义。第三段往往是建议措施段或者举例论证段。现以2006年A级决赛题为例予以说明。
Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write a composition to
1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) give your suggestion as to the best way to find happiness.
You should write about 150 words. Now write the composition on the Answer Sheet.

按照写作指令的要求，这篇作文应当包括三部分，即： 1.描述图中的内容(describe the picture)；2.解释画面的含义(interpret its meaning)；3. 给出你的建议(give your suggestion)——你认为获得幸福的最佳途径是什么。
【参考范文】
Wealth and Happiness
Different people may have different answers to the concept of happiness. The young man in the picture is thinking of this question: wealth, love or health? Different choices may lead to different goals in our life.
In my opinion, the best way of finding happiness lies in wealth. Why? Everybody wants to get wealth. In today’s material world, making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort; pay any price to attain greater wealth. People cannot do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy.
In a word, you should have money spent for more people, only then can money be the source of your happiness.
专项练习：Writing
Task I
Directions: There is an error in an English magazine that you feel must be corrected. Write a letter to the editor to
1) point out the mistake;
2) suggest the correction;
3) express your interest in the magazine.
You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.
Task II
Directions: Look at the following picture and write an article, which should meet the following two requirements:
1) Interpret the message conveyed by the picture;
2) make your comments on what is represented.
Now write a composition of about 150 words.

大学生英语竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析参考答案
Task I
Dear Editor,
I’m a loyal Chinese reader of your magazine Global Traveling. I have read the article entitled A Window to the Outside World that appeared in the latest issue. In this article the author mentioned that both Li Bai and Su Dongpo were great poets in the Song Dynasty. But actually this is not the case and Li Bai is one of the greatest figures in the Tang Dynasty. I think this point should be made clear to the readers to avoid confusing and misleading.
Global Traveling is my favorite magazine and I have been reading it for five years. I’m fond of traveling and it can broaden our horizon and I can get a lot of fun. My dream is to travel around the world by myself. Your magazine has helped me to realize my dream to some extent. I enjoy the big pictures in it and they are so appealing to me. Moreover, the language is so idiomatic that my English has dramatically improved unconsciously. In a word, no words can express my gratitude to your magazine.
Best wishes to you and your magazine!
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Task II
Lifelong Education
The picture shows that many people are busy going to attend different classes to enrich their mind. Nowadays with the development of the increasingly competitive society, many people feel the necessity to further their study in different areas. Lifelong education is becoming a fashion in China.
Knowledge is power. Everybody knows it and the main way for us to gain knowledge is from learning. Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, our purpose is to be fit for life. In some modern countries it has been fashionable to think that lifelong education for all can solve the problems of society and build a perfect nation. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to be fit for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work is suited to our brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
As far as I am concerned, I think we should follow the trend. Knowledge is limitless while life is short. So we should make full use of our time for the most effective learning and make the greatest contribution to our motherland.