必修一unit3知识点讲义.doc

Unit 3 Travel journal
编写人: 刘宇
1. transport vt. 运输；运送 n. 运输；运送;交通工具
public transport 公共交通 means of transport 交通工具
transport sb./ sth. from…to…把某人/某物从……运送到……
The goods were transported from the factory to the airport by air.
His bike is his only means of transport.
The goods were damaged during transport.
2. prefer vt. 更喜欢，选择某事（而不选择其他事物），宁愿
(preferred--- preferring)
1)prefer sth/to do sth/ doing sth 喜欢做某事
2) prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做
3)prefer doing sth to doing sth 与……相比，更喜欢……
4)prefer to do…rather than do… 宁愿做……不愿做……
5）prefer that …(should) do… 更喜欢
preference为名词，意为偏爱，喜好；优先权
She has a preference for blue.
Liu Hulan prefers to die rather than give in.
I prefer walking to riding a bike/cycling.
Their father prefers them to be home early.
I prefer bananas to apples.
3. disadvantage 为可数名词，意为不利条件，不便之处
be a disadvantage to somebody 是某人的弱点
be at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
put somebody at a disadvantage/ be to one’s disadvantage
置某人于不利境地/使某人处于劣势
The fact that she cannot speak English put her at a disadvantage.
To have only one leg is a disadvantage to him.
I was at a disadvantage because I didn’t speak French.
Advantage 意为好处，优点，利益
take advantage of利用/占……的便宜
to one’s advantage 对某人有利
advantages and disadvantages 利害得失
The agreement is to our advantage.
A better education gave us the advantage over those who didn’t receive education.
You’d better advise him to take advantage of the opportunity.
4. fare
指乘坐公共汽车、轮船、出租车等的费用；（飞机等的）票价
a bus/taxi fare 公共汽车/出租车费
a single/return/round-trip fare 单程票/返程票/来回票价
How much is the air fare to Beijing?
Children under 4 go/travel half-fare/travel at full fare/reduced fare/half fare.
fee
指给律师、医生等专业人员的酬金或（参加考试的）报名费，（加入俱乐部的或入场的）会费或学费等，常用复数形式。
a membership fee会费
If you want to join, there is an entrance fee of $20.
charge 指给予服务后索要的费用或货物的费用。
What is the charge for a day at that hotel?
5. ever since 从那以后
1）since可用作介词、连词或副词，其后可跟时间名词，从句或不跟任何结构，在从句中作时间状语，since从句的时态用一般过去时态，主句常用现在完成时。
Ever since their marriage, they have lived happily.
2) since从句中的谓语动词，若是延续性的，则表示过去的动作的结束;since从句中的谓语动词若是终止性的，则表示动作的开始。
Mr White has lived here since he came to this city.
自从怀特先生来到这个城市以来，就一直住在这儿。
He has never seen me since I was ill.
自从我病愈到现在，他从未来看过我。
3)It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时（从句中的动作多不延续）“自从、、、、、、至今已经多久了”。
It has been two years since he left the country.
他离开这个国家有两年的时间。
6. persuade vt.说服，劝说
1） persuade somebody to do something=persuade somebody into doing something
说服某人做某事
2） persuade somebody not to do something=persuade somebody out of doing something 说服某人不要做某事
3） persuade somebody of something=persuade somebody that从句 使某人相信某事
完成句子：
It wasn’t easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
She was persuaded into buying an expensive dress.
persuade与advise
persuade强调说服、劝说的结果。
advise建议。相当于try to persuade,只表达劝说的动作，不表示结果如何。
At last I persuaded my brother to take my advice.
We advised him to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t listen.
7. graduate vi. 毕业；n. 大学毕业生
graduate from 毕业于……学校
graduate in 毕业于……专业
graduation为名词，意为毕业，毕业典礼
Mary _graduated_from _high_school__(从高中毕业) two yeas ago.
His brother is _a_Harvard_graduate/ a graduate of Harvard_(哈佛大学毕业生).
She managed to find a job immediately _after graduation _(在毕业之后).
He _graduated in history_(毕业于历史专业).
8. schedule 名词，意为时间表，进度表；动词，意为为某事安排时间
ahead of/behind/on schedule 提前/未按期/定期
be scheduled to do something 定于……（时间）做某事/安排/预计做某事
be scheduled for 为某事安排时间，定在某一天进行。
The president has got a very full/tight schedule today.
9. be fond of 喜爱，喜欢
I am fond of skating in winter.
10. care about 关心；忧虑；惦念
care for 照顾；照料；喜欢；愿意
take care of (=look after) 照料
11. mind n. 意见，想法，理智
Try to get her to change her mind about coming with us.
设法让她改变主意,不要和我们一块儿去。
I wish you’d make up your mind whether you are coming or not. 我希望你决定，最后来不来。
change one’s mind 改变主意 make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心做……
speak one’s mind 直言不讳 take one’s/ sb.’s mind off sth. 转移自己/某人的注意力
lose one’s mind 发疯 have/ keep one’s mind on/ to 专心于某事
out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦 read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
bring/call something to (one’s) mind 想起/ 回忆起某事
have / bear/keep something in mind记住某事, 把某事记在心里
come to/ into one’s mind浮现在某人的脑海中，想起

Yon can do it if you put your mind to it.
如果你全神贯注的话，你能做到的。

12. give in 投降，屈服，让步；提交，递交
The young parents gave in and bought the boy for their child.
He never gave in in face of difficulty.
He gave in to his wife at last.
Give your exam papers in to the teacher when you have finished. (hand in/ turn in)
give in to 向……屈服，让步 give away 赠送，颁发，泄露
give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 发出（光、热、气味、声音等）
give out 耗尽，用尽；发布，宣布；筋疲力尽；分发
13. Pace
作为名词，意为一步，步调；步伐，节奏
Please walk/ take ten paces forward.
The pace of modern life is becoming faster and faster.
作为动词，意为踱步，缓慢而行
My sister is pacing up and down inside the room.
keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱，与……齐头并进，跟上……的步伐
at a walking pace 以步行的速度 at a good pace 相当快地
speed up/quicken the pace 加快步伐
As it was getting dark, we sped up/quickened the pace.
14. bend
作为名词，意为弯，拐角
There is a sharp bend in the road/river.
作为及物动词，意为使弯曲；作为不及物动词，意为弯身，弯腰。( bent, bent)
Bend the end of the wire down.
bend to something 向……屈服
bend one’s mind to something 专心致志地从事某事
We will not bend to the will of anyone.
He couldn’t bend his mind to his studies.
15. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我姐姐。
1) 这是一个的强调句式（It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分），意为“就是、、、、，是、、、、”，此结构仅限于强调主语、宾语和状语。强调人称主语要用who或that,强调人称宾语用whom或that,强调物用that.
句型转换
The letter you got yesterday makes you so sad. (强调划线部分)
It was the letter that you got yesterday makes you so sad.
The football match had to be put off because of bad weather(强调画线部分).
It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
2) 介词短语from…to…意为“从、、、、、、到、、、、、、”，在句中作地点状语。介词from和to后面都跟了一个由where引导的宾语从句。
16. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
Insist 坚持，坚决主张
insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚决要求
insist on/upon one’s doing 坚持要某人做
insist that 1)坚持要求/应该，坚决主张，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气
that somebody (should) do something
2）坚持说，坚持（意见、看法），后跟从句用真实语气
He insisted that he was right.
He insisted that he should do the job.
He insisted that he____ nothing wrong and__c___ free.
A. should do; set B. had done; set C. had done; be set D. did; was set
17. She gave me a determined look------ the kind that said she would not change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这眼神表明她不会改变主意。
determined 为形容词，意为坚定的，坚决的，果断的，有决心的
a determined look 坚定的眼神
She was determined to go to university.
18. at an altitude of= at a height of 意为“在海拔……米处”。
The plane is flying at a height/ at an altitude of 10,000 feet.
at此处表“在……处/时，以……”,后接年龄、速度、长、宽、深、高、价格、费用等。
常见的短语有：
at the age/price of… at a speed/length/depth/width/distance of…
19. The air would be hard to breathe.
此句型为“主语+be+adj+不定式”结构，其中不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，不定式以主动形式表被动意义，若是不及物动词要加相应的介词。这样的句式限于以下形容词 hard, difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, unfit.
English is difficult to learn well in a short time.
The building is nice to look at.
I hear your new boss is not easy_____, so you will have to be more careful.
A. to get along with B. get along
C. to be got along with D. to be got along
20. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
句中once作连词，意为“一旦……就，一经……便,一……就……(= as soon as)”
Once you begin, you must continue.
Once he arrives we can start.
21. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.
当河水穿过深谷，流经云南西部时变成了急流。
as 在该句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
travelling across western Yunnan Province 为现在分词短语作状语，伴随主句谓语动作发生。现在分词（短语）作状语时，表示主动关系，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
Walking along the street, I met one of my old friends.
Learning about Language
1. fall off 从……跌落；数量减少
My glasses fell off the desk and broke.
fall behind 落后；落在后面
2. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
不管困难有多大，一个有决心的人总是设法完成工作。
no matter how hard it is 为让步状语从句，no matter是连词，意为“不管；无论”，它需要和what/who/when/where等特殊疑问词一起引导让步状语从句。
注意：当whoever, whichever, whatever引导名词性从句时，它们不能换成no matter who/which/what等。
Using Language
1. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
Is your watch reliable?
rely vi. 信任；信赖 rely on 依靠；依赖 reliability n. 可靠，可靠性
2. put up 搭起，建造；举起，抬起；挂起，张贴；给某人提供食宿
Put up your hand if you have any questions.
We can put you up for the night.
put up a building/tent
put up a notice/ a poster
put away 把……收起来，收拾 put out 生产，熄灭
put down放下，写下，记下 put on 穿上，增加
put off延期 put back 放回原处
put one’s heart into 全神贯注
3. view
作为可数名词，意为风景，景色；观点，看法；作为不可数名词，意为视野。
There is a view of the river from my window.
What is your view on school punishments?
The Monument to the People’s Heroes came into our view.
短语：
in one’s view 在某人看来 in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
come into view 进入视野；被看见 in / out of view 在视野之内/不在视野之中
作为动词，意为观看，注视；考虑
The subject may be viewed in different ways.
Several possible buyers have come to view the house.
view / sight /scene / scenery的区别
view意为风景，景色。指某人从某一特定角度（远处或高处）所看到的景色。
sight常用复数形式，指某地值得观光游览的风景名胜，特别是人造的景物。
scene指一个地区或国家的整体的自然风景（包括了其中的人或物），也可指场景或现场。
Scenery意为景色，风景为不可数名词主要指美丽开阔的乡村外貌。
4. beneath
作为介词，表示位置，场所“在……之下，在……下面”，（等级、职位等）低于；作为副词，表示“在……下面，朝下，在底下”
Joe enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath his feet.
The valley lies beneath.
beneath / below / under的区别
beneath 在。。。。。。下面，指两者接触，与on相对
below 不强调在正下方，与above相对。
under强调在正下方，与over相对。
5. We can hardly wait to see them! 我们迫不急待地想见他们。
Can hardly/ not wait to do something / for something
迫不急待地要做某事，急切地想得到某物
The children _can hardly wait for Christmas to come(迫不及待地等待圣诞节的到来)。
We __can not wait for our summer vacation__(迫不及待地想放暑假)。