中考英语定语从句讲解.doc

(完整版)中考英语定语从句讲解定语从句 请看下面的句子： I want to know the boy who is the tallest. 句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念：定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.（二） 定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句:从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e。g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e。g：Mr。 Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle。（三）（限定性）定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair。先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词 which, who， whom， whose， that where, when， why（四）定语从句的实质:二句合一（合并条件:人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地)Mary is a girl. 合并为一个句子She has long hair。思路：留（保留先行词)-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair。请把下列句子二句合一 1。 I saw the man。He closed the door 2。The girl is happy。 She won the race 3.The man called the police 。 His wallet was stolen （五） 定语从句关系词的确定：l a。先行词的分类l b。先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：which/that2。先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that3。先行词做定语 人：whose 物:whose/of which4。先行词做状语：when， where, whyl who, whom, whose， that用法区别.l who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语. The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker。 做题思路：先分解-分析-再合并分解 The man is a worker。 The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语l Whom /that作定语从句的宾语 The woman（ whom/that） they wanted to visit is a teacher。分解 The woman is a teacher。 They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语注意： 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略。l whose 作定语从句的定语。 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher。分解 I know the girl。 The girls mother is a teacher. 作定语小结：关系词判断步骤l 首先，要辨别出先行词.如果先行词是指人，关系词可能就用who， that whom， whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或thatl 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主语 宾语 定语 人who， thatwho（m), that whose 物 which, thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1。 I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music。2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3。 The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player。(六)只能用that，不能用which的情况： （1）先行词为all， everything,anything，nothing， something， nothing ,few， little, much, the one等不定代词时； (2）先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only， the very， the last， any， few, little ， no， all, one of 等修饰时： （3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。 （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。 (5)在以who， which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which。请在以下例句中体会以上规则:1。 Here is something that I will tell you。2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ？4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6。Which is the bike that you lost?7。Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting？（七）只能使用which 的情况l 1。关系代词前有介词时;l 2.先行词本身是 that 时;l 3.非限定定语从句l 口诀:要有which别着急，l 介词提前逗隔离。l e.g：1。This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.l 2。She has two dolls，which are from her parents单项选择：l 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.l A。 thatB. who C。 whom D。 thisl 2。 The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.l A. that B。 whose C。 whichD. asl 3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday？l A。 the oneB. which C. who D. whoml 4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ? A. the oneB. which C. who D. whol 5。 The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.l A. whichB。 that C。 /D. itl 6。 The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police。l A。 which B. in which C。 thatD。 alll 7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised。l A。 That B。 Who C。 The one whoD. The students whol 注意：l 当关系词作定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生。 who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. who is running The man is my uncle。3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4。 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher. who lives next door注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip。 （河北省卷）A. who B. that C。 whom D. whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）A。whomB。whenC。whoseD.who3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday。 （江苏省南京市) Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_？A。left B.was leaving C.has left D。had left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. （浙江省衢州市)A. whichB. when C。 whoD。 whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom？ (湖南长沙) A。whoB。whichC。when6、-The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu。 (江苏省扬州市） Yes。They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake。A。which B。what C./ D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning？ （四川省成都市）A。whenB.whatC。that8、Friends are those_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed。 (河南省) A which B what C whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China。 （湖北省十堰市）A.thatB。whichC。whereD。when10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市）A。 where B。 when C. that D. which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市)I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C。 where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot。 （福建省福州市） -Really?I hope to go there on day.A.that B.whoC.when13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library。 （广西省桂林市） A. whereB。 whichC。 whoD。 when14、The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black。 (黑龙江省鸡西市） A. which， are B. who, are C. who， is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市)A。 it B. what C. who D。 that