新课标英语八年级上册第一单元知识点汇总.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

一、重要短语归纳
1.go on vacation去度假 2.stay at home待在家里
3.go to the mountains去爬山 4.go to the beach去海滩
5.visit museum参观博物馆 6.go to summer camp去参观夏令营
7.quite a few相当多 8.study for为……而学习
9.go out出去 10.most of the time大部分时间
11.taste good尝起来很好吃 e up出来,发生
13.of course当然 14.feel like给……的感觉；感受到
15.go shopping去购物 16.in the past在过去
17.walk around四处走走 18.because of因为
19.one bowl of… 一碗…… 20.the next day第二天
21.drink tea喝茶 22.find out找出；查明
23.go on继续 24.take photos照相
25.something important重要的事 26.up and down上上下下
27.have a good time玩得高兴=enjoy oneself=have great fun
二、语法专项
1.复合不定代词
①定义
a)复合不定代词由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词。
即：复合不定代词：something, somebody, someone;anything, anybody, anyone，nothing, nobody, no one; everything, everybody, everyone
b) 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。
②用法
(1) 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。
如：Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。
There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。
There is nothing to eat.这里没有吃的东西。
(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their.
如：If anybody /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。
(3)anyone, everyone, someone, no one: a)只能指人，不能指物;
b)且其后一般不接of 短语。
c)若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。
③考点要求
(1)自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。
body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。
some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中；
any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句；
no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义；
every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。
(2)主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
如：错：Everybody in our class are interested in English.
对：Everybody in our class is interested in English.
(3)定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。
如：错：I have important something to tell you.
对：I have something important to tell you.
(4)none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；
其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。
如：错：He is new here, so none knows him.
对：He is new here, so no one knows him.
错：Nobody of them has been to England before.
对：None of them has been to England before..
(5)代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物。表人时，用they代换；表物时，用it代换。
如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it?
Nobody has been there before, have they?
2.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词
1）规则变化
①直接加ed：work-- worked
②以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live ---lived
③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study---studied
④以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy ---enjoyed
⑤以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop---stopped
2）不规则变化
练习：用动词正确形式填空
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. ---_________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?
---No, she _________.
3. ---What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
---He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
单项选择
1.—what did you do on vacation?
—I ________  to New York city.
a. go        b. going           c. went        d. goes
2.They helped me _______my books.
a. finded   b. find           c. found          d. finding
3.what _____you _______last night?
a. did, do  b. do, do     c. did, doing d. are, do
4.—where did she go on vacation?
—she ______to the beach.
a. go           b. goes           c. went           d. going
5. Did he go to central park?
Yes, he ________.
a. did     b. didn’t    c. do           d. does
在使用不定代词的时候要注意：
（1）some 和any 既可修饰_________ 又可修饰__________。Some 多用于________ 句中，而any 多用于________、________、__________句中。但是，在Would you like some tea? 这类问句中则用_________,而不用________. 这是因为_________________________.
(2) _______ ________ _________ 都表示很多，但________ 只修饰可数名词复数，much 只修饰____________ , __________ 既可接可数名词复数，又可与不可数名词连用。
(3)回顾 few, a few, little, a little 的用法区别
(4)由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，都做
________ 看待，其谓语动词用__________________.
(5)不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要____________.
练习题见书上P3