高中英语倒装句型讲解与练习.doc

倒装（教师版）
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, 谓语在后。但是如果把谓语动词放在主语之前, 就叫倒装结构。
一.如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装;
二.如果只把助动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
三如果只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装，这样的结构叫做形式倒装.
下面就以上三种倒装进行讲解并练习。
一. 全部倒装：
1. a）用于 there be 句型。
There are many students in the classroom. 主语位于谓语are 之后。
原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom..
There are different forms of energy.
b） 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.

2. 用于“(here ,there, now, then，such) + 不及物动词 + 主语”的句型中。
a. Here comes the bus. b. There goes the bell.
c. Now comes our turn. d. Out went the children.
e. Such are his words. f. Such is the story.
3. 以out, in, up, down, away, ahead,over 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。
In came the teacher.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman.
即时练习：
1）Here comes an excellent stewardess。来了位优秀的女乘务员。
2）Down went the expert. 专家下来了。
3）Out rushed the enthusiastic painter. 热情的画家冲了出去。
4）_______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped   B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat      D. Jumped up the cat
5）Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat    B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll    D. the goat rolled
6)The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered
注意：代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。
Here it is. In he comes.
即时练习：
1）Away he went 他出去了。 2）In she came她进来了。
3）.—Where is my shirt, mum?   —_________.
A. There is it     B. There it is C. There is     D. Here is it
4）. —Where is your father?  —Oh, ________.
A. here he comes   B. he here comes C. here does he come  D. here comes he

3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。请观察以下句子:
To the south of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
Under the tree stands a little boy.
总结：划线的均是表示地点状语, 位于句首。
即时练习：
1）Under a big tree _ half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man    B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat    D. sat a fat man
2) ________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys
4. 有时，句子的主语较长，或是为了强调表语和状语，常将他们放在句首，同时颠倒主语和谓语的位置, 使句子平衡。请观察以下句子:
(1) 介词＋连系动词＋主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
(2) 形容词＋连系动词＋主语　
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
(3) 过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
(4) 表示方位的状语+谓语+主语
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
即时练习：
1). _______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier   B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was    D. Among they was a soldier
2）Present at the meeting were President Liu, Professor Zhang and others.出席会议的人有刘主席，张教授和其他人。
3）Gone forever are the days when we Chinese were pressed。中国人受压迫的日子已经一去不复返了。
4）They arrived at the space station，inside which stood a robot.他们到达了太空站里面站在个机器人。
二：部分倒装
1. 用于疑问句。 Do you speak English?
但是疑问句中, 如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语, 主谓不倒装。
What happened to her？她出了什么事？
How many people are working in that laboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？
2.1）用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, rarely, nowhere, at no time, bt no means , in no way, in no case , on no condition, on no account, not only 等否定词开头的句子里。
请观察以下句子:
（1）Never shall I do this again.
（2）At no time can you say “no” to the order.
（3）Seldom does he eat breakfast.
（4） Not only did he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently 总结：如果not only…but also
请比较Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 连接的是两个并列的主语不
倒装
2）用于No sooner had done sth… than … did…, Hardly /scarcely had … when… did…（以上短语表示“一……就”之意） 和 not … until … 的句型中。
No sooner had she gone out than the class began.
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
即时练习：
a）Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change   B. they changed C. changed they    D. they did change
b）. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing  B. had I seen C. I have seen  D. have I seen
c）Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch   B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch
d）Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A. the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautiful
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were
e). Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he  B. he had finished C. did he finish D. had he finished
f).Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.
A. had they; than  B. they had; when C. had they; when  D. did they; when
g). Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
A. has he made  B. does he make C. he made   D. did he make
h) Not only the students but also the teacher ____________________.
A. does go to the party B. goes to the party. C. go to the party D.do go to the party
i）Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun  B. began he C. did he begin  D. does he begin
3）用于only开头的句子(only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句)。和not … until … 的句型中，部分倒装。
观察以下两组句子
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
Only the winners have the opportunity to face the challenges.
总结：如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。
即时练习：
Only after he began to work could he realize the power of the teacher’s words.
只有当他开始工作时他才能意识到老师话语的力量。
Only enthusiastic employees can be fit for such a tough job.
只有热情的雇员能胜任这样一份艰苦的工作。

4）用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子, 表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
即时练习：
a）My son is a student. So was I thirty years ago. 30年前我也是。
b) Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
5)在 so / such …that 的结构中, 若so / such置于句首, 则句子部分倒装。
So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.
Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.
即时练习：
a)他像个很忠诚的人，所以我们都信任他
正常语序应该是：He seemed such an honest man that we all believed him.
倒装句是：Such an honest man did he seem that we all believed him.（高级表达）
b) 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
正常语序应该是：He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
倒装句是：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. （高级表达）

6）用于某些祝愿语中。
May you succeed. 祝你成功。总结：may放在句首表祝愿，用倒装
即时练习：May you win the first place. 祝你赢得第一名。

7）用于省略if 的虚拟条件句。
Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.
由 If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。

三：形式倒装
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置，它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首。主谓并不倒装。有四个重要的句型需要特别留意。
1. 感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
2. the more … the more 句型，意思是“越来…越…”
The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.
此句型中的more 代表的是形容词和副词的比较级，要灵活使用。
即时练习：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越努力学习，你就越会取得比较大的进步
How attractive the story is！ 这个故事是多么吸引人啊！
3.whatever，however +adj/adv. 引导让步状语从句
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.
However difficult the problem may be ,we must work it out this evening.
使用特点：
（1） whatever后面也可以换成名词，如受many 或much 的修饰，则必须把whatever换成however
Whatever reasons you have ，you should carry out your promise.
However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
However 可以改写成no matter how ，而意义不变。如上句可改写成
No matter how many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
即时练习：
They eat whatever they can find. 他们找到什么就吃什么。
______ he does has nothing to do with me.
A.no matter what B.whatever C. whichever D. no matter which
4.用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：
1) 副词置于句首。如：
     Much as I like it (＝Although I like it much), I will not buy it．
2) 动词原形置于句首。如
     Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not see you．
3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如：
     Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me．
     Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong．
即时练习 ：
_____, Lucy couldn’t get the door open
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try

3