语法复习十九：冠词.doc

语法复习十九：冠 词
（一）考纲要求
考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。
（二）命题导向
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
（三）基本用法
当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠词的基本用法：
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.
⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.
⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.
⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.
⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths
⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.
⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.
⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
2、不定冠词的基本用法：
① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.
② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）
⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）
⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）
　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word
3、不用冠词的情况：
① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）
② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.
③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.
⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?
⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。
练习（一）、冠 词
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a B. the C. another D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during __ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the

22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying __ history of China.
A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a
29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
练习（二）、冠 词
1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him.
　　 A. other 　 B. the 　 C. / 　 D. a
2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
　　 A. a, / 　 B. the, / 　 C. a, the　 D. the, the
3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. /, / 　 D. /, a
4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
　　 A. a,/, the 　 B. a,/, / 　 C. the, the the　 D. the, an, an
5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　 C. the, a　 D. /, a
6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. his, his 　 C. the, the　 D. an, his
7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
　　 A. the, / 　 B. /, / 　 C. /, a 　 D. the, the
8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.
　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, a　 D. the, the
9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　 C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a
10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, a　 D. /, a
11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. the, /
12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
　　 A. a, a 　 B. a, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, the
13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, / 　 D./, the
14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, the 　 C a, the　 D. the, a
15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　 C. /,/,the 　 D. /,/,a
16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
　　 A. an, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, /
17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /
18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /
19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. /, / 　 D. the, /
20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
　　 A. /, a 　 B. the, / 　 C. /, the 　 D. the, the
21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　 C. dress 　 D. the dresses
22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success.
　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C How, / 　 D. What, quite a
23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
　　 A. /,/,the 　 B. a,/,/ 　 C. a, the,/　 D. /,the, the
24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the
25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the
26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
　　 A. a, the 　 B. the, a 　 C. the, the 　 D. a, a
27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, the 　 D. a, /
28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, an　 D. the, the
29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, /　 D. the, the
30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.
　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, /
31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one
32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the （ MET1991 11）
33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the （ MET1992 36）
34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
　 A. the the　 B./; /　 C. the; /　 D./; the （MET 1993 19）
35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
　　 A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）
36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）
37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the （NMET 1996 13）
38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; /（NMET 1999 8）
39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .
A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）
40.Most animals have little connection with __animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the (NMET2000 10)
41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
　　 A. a; the　 B. the; the　 C. the ; a　 D. a; a
42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
　　 A./; a　 B. the; /　 C./; /　 D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)
43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)
　　 A. a; the　 B. the ;不填　 C. the; the　 D. was killing
44.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
　　 A./;the　 B./;an　 C. an; an　 D. the; the
45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. 　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, a

2009年高考英语语法系列复习资料之一：名词、冠词2009-06-04 08:26:00)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. --- What do you think of the headmaster of your school?
   --- Oh, she is _____ headmaster who is kind-hearted and helpful. And it’s _____ pleasure to work with her.
   A. the; the        B. a; a         C. a; the         D. the; a
2. My mother asked me to repeat ______ telephone number ______ second time so that she could write it down.
  A. the; a       B. an; the          C. an; a         D. the; the
3. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.
   A. interest        B. view       C. scene           D. attraction
4. Jack couldn’t remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was ______ Saturday because everybody was at ______ church.
   A. 不填; the       B. a; 不填         C. 不填; a       D. the; 不填
5. You must get there within an hour. There should be no ______ in sending this information to him.
  A. point       B. problem         C. quarrel      D. delay
6. I go to work very early. I don’t usually have ______ breakfast, but I always eat ______ good supper.
  A. 不填; a         B. 不填; 不填       C. the; 不填     D. 不填; the
7. --- What new subject are you going to have in ______ second grade？
    --- I’m going to learn ______ second foreign language.
    A. a; the         B. the; a      C. the; 不填     D. 不填; a
8. We are ready to start at short ______.
    A. information    B. advice       C. message         D. notice
9. --- Hey, Mr Smith, you are wanted on ______ phone.
   --- Who is calling?
   --- ______Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is.
    A. 不填; A         B. the; 不填        C. the; A       D. 不填；不填
10. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the ______.
    A. designs         B. signs       C. ways             D. points
11. Money plays an important role in ______ material world. But expecting ______ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
    A. a; the        B. the; 不填        C. 不填; 不填      D. the; the
12. Since he has no sense of ______ humor, I’m sure he didn’t catch ______ humor in your remarks.
    A. 不填; the     B. a; the        C. a; 不填          D. the; a
13. Mr. Smith told us that ______ gold medal his son had got was considered ______ great honor to the whole family.
    A. the; 不填          B. the; a          C. a; a           D. a; the
14. I should like to try that coat on，for I want to know if it is my ______.
    A. shape         B. model           C. design          D. size
15. They sold their house for only 12,000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful ______.
   A. cost     B. bargain       C. amount          D. value
16. --- Did you