2023年全国医学考博英语试题.docx

2023MD
全国医学博士外语统一考试
英语试卷
答题须知
1. 请考生首先将自己旳姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二原则答题卡上认真填写清晰，并按“考场指令”规定，将准考证号在原则答题卡上划好。
2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在原则答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3. 试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按规定在对应位置涂黑；如要改正，先用橡皮擦洁净。书面体现一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在原则答题卡上指定区域。
4. 原则答题卡不可折叠，同步答题卡须保持平整洁净，以利评分。
5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右旳答题时间。
国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE
Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Listen to the following example
You will hear
Woman: I feel faint.
Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.
Question: What’s the matter with the woman?
You will read:
A. She is sick.
B. She was bitten by an ant.
C. She is hungry.
D. She spilled her paint.
Here C is the right answer.
Sample Answer
A B C D
Now let’s begin with question Number 1.
1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints
C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints
2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.
C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.
3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.
B. He won’t complain anything.
C. He is in good condition.
D. He couldn’t be worse.
4. A. She is kidding.
B. She will get a raise.
C. The man will get a raise.
D. The man will get a promotion.
5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.
B. Her daughter is an exciting child.
C. She and her daughter are good friends.
D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.
6. A. She hurt her uncle.
B. She hurt her ankle.
C. She has a swollen toe.
D. She needs a minor surgery.
7. A. John likes gambling.
B. John is very fond of his new boss.
C. John has ups and downs in the new company.
D. John has a promising future in the new company.
8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.
B. She will undergo some lab tests.
C. She will arrange an appointment.
D. She will get the test results.
9. A. She’s an odd character.
B. She is very picky.
C. She is easy-going.
D. She likes fashions.
10. A. At a street corner.
B. In a local shop.
C. In a ward.
D. In a clinic.
11. A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.
C. Vegetables and fruits. D. Heavy foods.
12. A. He is having a good time.
B. He very much likes his old bicycle.
C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.
D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.
13. A. It is only a cough.
B. It’s a minor illness.
C. It started two weeks ago.
D. It’s extremely serious.
14. A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.
B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.
C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.
D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.
15. A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.
B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.
C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.
D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.
Section B
Direction: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Dialogue
16. A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.
B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.
C. Because he was allergic to it.
D. Because it was too expensive.
17. A. He can’t play soccer any more.
B. He has a serious foot problem.
C. He needs an operation.
D. He has cancer.
18. A. A blood transfusion.
B. An allergy test.
C. A urine test.
D. A biopsy.
19. A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.
C. To see if he requires surgery. D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.
20. A. Relieved.
B. Anxious.
C. Angry.
D. Depressed.
Passage One
21. A. The cause of COPD.
B. Harmful effects of smoking.
C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.
D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.
22. A. 954.
B. 955.
C. 1909.
D. 1955.
23. A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.
C. On May 18 in San Francisco. D. On May 25 in San Francisco.
24. A. When smoking exposure is high.
B. When smoking exposure is low.
C. When the subjects received medication.
D. When the subjects stopped smoking.
25. A. Hormone differences in men and women.
B. Genetic differences between men and women.
C. Women’s active metabolic rate.
D. Women’s smaller airways.
Passage Two
26. A. About 90,000.
B. About 100,000.
C. Several hundreds.
D. About 5,000.
27. A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.
B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.
C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.
D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.
28. A. Distributing mosquito nets.
B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.
C. Urging people not to eat animals.
D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.
29. A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.
B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.
C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.
D. The heavy but intermittent rains.
30. A. Warning from NASA.
B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.
C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.
D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.
Part II Vocabulary (10%)
Section A
Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31. A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.
A. regulate B. activate C. retain D. consolidate
32. The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a ____ that I couldn’t get to sleep.
A. catastrophe B. boycott C. turmoil D. mentality
33. Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.
A. sympathetic B. ascribed C. preferable D. subjected
34. Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.
A. conveyed B. transmitted C. attributed D. relayed
35. Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end of the table of real GDP per capita last year.
A. fluctuated B. languished C. retarded D. vibrated
36. Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though the concept has been around since 1900s.
A. trials B. applications C. implications D. endeavors
37. Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.
A. halt B. postpone C. retard D. accelerate
38. The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______ people in his favor before the election.
A. predisposed B. presumed C. presided D. pressured
39. With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong ________ to a vast multitude of people.
A. flavor B. thrill C. appeal D. implication
40. If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even a fraction of a minute too late.
A. infinitely B. temporarily C. comfortably D. favorably
Section B
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41. All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.
A. irresistible B. cherished C. inseparable D. requisite
42. The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace in London.
A. bestowed B. exhibited C. imposed D. emitted
43. Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.
A. intensified B. apparent C. representative D. insidious
44. The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.
A. yield B. amplify
C. adapt D. cast
45. Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.
A. eradicated B. deteriorated C. vanquished D. averted
46. When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original composition by painting over it on canvases.
A. duplicate B. eliminate C. substitute D. compile
47. For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.
A. disapproved B. despised C. demolished D. decomposed
48. Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity
A. loyalty B. morality C. quality D. stability
49. The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.
A. prudent B. ardent C. careless D. brutal
50. She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.
A. fury B. chaos C. despair D. agony
Part III Cloze (10%)
Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.
It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.
But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.
According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.
Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.
__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.
Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.
51. A. devices
B. risks
C. phenomena
D. claims
52. A. at least
B. at most
C. as if
D. as well
53. A. blocking
B. cooking
C. exhausting
D. cooling
54. A. Except
B. Even
C. Despite
D. Besides
55. A. until
B. when
C. as
D. unless
56. A. range
B. continuum
C. spectrum
D. field
57. A. Reasonably
B. Consequently
C. Amazingly
D. Undoubtedly
58. A. identical
B. beneficial
C. preferable
D. susceptible
59. A. effort
B. method
C. hunt
D. account
60. A. do affect
B. did affect
C. is affecting
D. could have affected
Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage one
I have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.
Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.
Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.
One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.
To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?
This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.
What can be done? A knee-je