代词的高考常考点.doc

代词的高考常考点
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
不定代词包括：all , both, every, each, either, neither, more,(a) little, (a) few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody,
no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。　一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

1.代词比较one，that 和it
it 同名同物，与所指名词为同一个。
one 同名异物，表示泛指，指名称相同的另一物，或所提到的人或物中的一个。
that =the one，指代同类的名词，可以时可数名词也可以时不可数名词。
例如：I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　
小试牛刀：
1. --- There must be a dozen pens in the house but I can never find _______ when I need ______ .
--- Keep looking. ______ is sure to turn up.
A. one; one; One B. it; one; It   C. one; it; This   D. a one; one; The one
2. --- Can I help you?     --- I`d like to buy a present for my father`s birthday, _______ at a proper price, but of great use.
A. that   B. one   C. any one   D. the one
3. Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose ______ .
A. one   B. that    C. it       D. the one
4. The environment in this faraway town is as pleasant as in the coastal city.
A. one   B. it      C. them    D. that
5. The best job is _______ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. that   B. the one   C. one   D. it
6. --- What do you think of the funiture on exhibition?
--- Well, great! But I don`t think much of ________ you bought.
A. the one B. it     C. that    D. which
7. A cake made of wheat costs less than ________ made of rice.
A. one     B. that    C. a one   D. the one
8. As they are retired, they prefer to buy a house in the country to spend their late years to ___ in a large city.
A. one     B. that    C. the one   D. it
9. Toronto is a big, beautiful and effiicient city, ________ that developed from a little city over the past half century and became the center of culture, commerce and communications in Canada.
A. the one    B. one   C. that   D.  a one
2. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
1）.
用 法

代名词
形容词
单数
复数
单数
复数
不定
another
另一个
others
别人，其他人
another (boy)
另一个（男孩）
other (boys)
其他男孩
特定
the other
另一个
the others
其余那些人、物
the other (boy)
另一个男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩

one … the other 一个……另外一个（两者之间）
one … another 一个……另外一个（三者或三者以上），一个……不同的一个
some … others 一些……另一些(others=other people/things)
some … the others 一些……剩余的那些/全部
some … the rest 一些……剩余的那些/全部(既代替可数名词，也代替不可名词)
例如:
—What do you think of the cake? —It's nice. I'd like to have another.
I have two brothers. One is a teacher and the other is a worker. 我有两个兄弟。一个是教师，另一个是工人。
The foreigners are all from the USA, some are from New York, some are from Washington , others are from Mississippi.
I have four pens. One is red; the others (或the other three) are black. 我有三支钢笔，一支是红色的，另两支是黑色的。
I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _the rest_______ in two days?
Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _the rest______ ?

2).another two weeks = two other / more weeks另外两周，再过两周（another在数词前，more在数词后）。
Shanghai is a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ________ two weeks.

3).‘其他的’，other放在名词前作定语，else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如：
Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗？

4).注意下列固定用法：each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other ＋单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)。如：
All of us should help each other. 我们应相互帮助。
Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个男孩都跑得快。
小试牛刀：
1. —What do you think of the cake? —It's nice. I'd like to have ________.
A. some other B. another C. others D. other
2. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in ________.
A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others
3. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday but ________ like to go to the cinema.
A. another B. other C. others D. other one

1. Shanghai is a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ________ two weeks.
A. another B. other C. the other D. other's
2. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay ________ $15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
3. ―Have you finished your report yet? ―No, I'll finish in ________ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
4. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than

1. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ________ in two days?
A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others
2. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ________ ?
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest

3. every 和each的用法
1)　every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
　   Every student in our school works hard.　
　   Each student may have one book..　
2)　every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3)　every不可以作状语，each可作状语。
4)　every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。
5)　every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
　   Every man is not honest.
　   Each man is not honest.　
小试牛刀：
1. ________ of the boys has got a pencil and some paper. (上海卷)
A. All      B. Every  C. Everyone     D. Each
2. These plants are watered ________. (全国卷)
A. each other day    B. every other day C. each of two days   D. every of two days

4. anyone/any one；no one/none的用法
1)   anyone 和 any one
　   anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2) no one 和none
　   a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
　   b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
　   None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
   　---- Did any one call me up just now?　--刚才有人打电话给我吗?
   　---- No one.　　　　　　　　　　　 --没有。
小试牛刀：
用（someone/somebody，anyone/anybody，no one/nobody，something，anything，nothing，none填空
1、My mother looked worried about ____，but I didn't know what it was。
2、Would you like to talk to____about it?
3、There was____in her handbag.It was empty.
4、I bought a nice gift for my cousin，but I didn't want to tell____who it was for。
5、We wanted to buy some ice-cream ，but there was ___left .
6、Is there_____in the fitting room？No，there is ____in.
7、Look！____there dropped 50 yuan on the road。

5.  neither 与 nor、either的用法
1)　 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
　　 If you don't do it，neither should I.　如果你不干，我也不干。
如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
   　He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
2)   neither 表示“两者都不”，neither…nor… 意为“既不…又不…”。
either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，either…or… 意为“或是……，或是……”
Neither of the answer is right.
I have neither time nor money to take a trip.
Either sentence is right.
You can either go or stay
6. some与any的区别
1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接
①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
Have you got any tea?
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
---How many people can you see in the picture?
---I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。注意：something, everything, nothing, anything, somebody, everybody, nobody（=no one）, anybody，none

7. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)    (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
2)    a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
3)  　few / little　为否定含义，没有多少了。
      He has a few friends.　　　他有几个朋友。
      He has few friends.　　　 他几乎没有朋友。
　   We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
　   There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4)    固定搭配:
　only a few (=few)　 not a few (=many)　 quite a few (=many)
　many a (=many)
　Many books were sold.
　Many a book was sold.
5）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.

8. many, much的用法
　 Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
　　 How many people are there at the meeting?
　　 Many of the workers were at the meeting.

9.all和both的用法。
1）all和both都表示整体，但all 都，指三者以上。both　都，指两者。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）
= We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)
All the water has been used up. (作主语)
That's all for today. (作表语)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)
All the leaders are here./All knowledge comes from practice. (作定语)
2）both 和 all 加否定词是部分否定。如果表示全部否定，要分别用neither和none。
Both of us are not good at singing.
Neither of us is good at singing.
All of the teachers are not foreigners.
None of the teachers are foreigners. .
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
　 　All of the students are there.　　　　　　　
All (of) the milk is there.　  
10、代词it的用法：
1）指代前面提到过的事物。如：Of course , I love junk food too, but I try to eat it only once a week.
2)用来代替指示代词this 或that。如：---What’s this?---It’s a pencil.
3）指婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is.
4）指时间和季节。如：---What’s the time now?---It’s ten o’clock.
5)表天气。如：---What’s the weather like today?---It’s sunny.
6)表距离。如：How far is it from your home to your school？
7）用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
a. It is adj.+(for sb ) to do sth. 如：It is important for us to work hard.
b. It’s time to do /for /that…如：It’s time to get up/ for lunch/f that we went home.
c. It seems that …It seems that he is quite happy.
d. It’s one’s turn to do …It’s your turn to answer my question.
e. It’s + adj. +that…如：It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
8）作形式宾语。如：Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
9)引导强调句型 “It is /was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其他成分”。如：
It was yesterday that we went to see a film.
巩固练习：
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer
( ) 1. This is a very old song, so ______ young people know it.
A: few B: little c: a few D: a little
( ) 2. The two fishermen saw ______ in the sky while they were fishing by a river.
A: something strange B: anything strange C: strange something D: strange anything
( ) 3. There aren’t many oranges here, but you can take ______ if you want to.
A: few B: a few C: a little D: little
( ) 4. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers.
A: the other B: the others C: others D: other
( ) 5. My sports shoes are too small. I want to buy ______ pair.
A: the others B: the other C: other D: another
( ) 6. I didn’t like the cross talk. ______ of the actors was funny.
A: Both B: All C: Neither D: Either
( ) 7. ______ of us has read the story.
A: Some B: Both C: All D: None
( ) 8. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, ______ like ball games.
A: the others B: others C: the other D: other

( ) 9. There are many high-rises on ______ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view!
A: either B: neither C: both D: all
( ) 10. Shanghai Waihuan tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us ______ time to go to Pudong International Airport.
A: a few B: fewer C: a little D: less
( ) 11. Not long ago, our country set up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204 kilos and ______ 25 kilos.
A: another B: other C: others D: the other\
( ) 12. In order to keep healthy, you should eat ______ fast food, ______ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.
A: fewer; fewer B: less; more C: fewer; more D: less; less
( ) 13. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ______ of them have set a good example to us.
A: All B: Neither C: Both D: None
( ) 14. Mr. Smith is quite busy today. He has _ meetings to attend.
A: little B: a little C: few D: a few
( ). 15. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ______ is more important than life.
A: Nothing B: Something C: Everything D: Anything
( ) 16. Can we do our work better with ______ money and ______ people?
A: less, few B: less, fewer C: little;, less D: few, less
( ) 17. He has two flats in London. However, ______ is new.
A: both B: neither C: all D: none
( ) 18. There is ______ with your watch. It gets slower every day.
A: nothing wrong B: something wrong C: wrong something D: wrong nothing
( ) 19. It seems that he has got ______ to show us. Let’s go and enjoy it.
A: something interesting B: interesting something
C: nothing something D: interesting nothing
( ) 20. ______ of your answer is right. Please try a third time.
A: Neither B: None C: Either D: Both
( ) 21. ______ Kathy ______ Alice ______ at home last Sunday.
A: Neither, nor, were B: Both, and, was
C: Either, or, was D: Not only, but also, were
( ) 22. ______ of the winners has been awarded a prize.
A: Every B: everyone C: Each D: Both
( ) 23. There is ______ ink in my pen. Would you give me ______?
A: little, a little B: a little, little C: few, a few C: a few, few
( ) 24. The days in winter are shorter than ______ in summer.
A: those B: that C: these D: them
( ) 25. They don’t go to Europe for holiday, _______.
A: neither will we B: neither do we C: so will we D: so we will
( ) 26. It must be your first time to meet each other. Let me do the introduction.
______ is Mr. Smith.
A: He B: There C: This D: That
( ) 27. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat. ______ can do.
A: something, Something B: anything, Anything
C: something, Anything D: anything, Something
( ) 28. ______ of us likes this song in our class.
A: None B: No one C: All D: Both

( ) 29. I have a sister and two brothers. ______ of them are now in Japan.
A: Both B: Everyone C: Either D: All
( )30. Is there any water in the bottle? No, ______.
A: none B: nothing C: not many D: quite a few
( ) 31. Her work is better than ______ in our class.
A: anyone B: anyone’s C: anyone’s else D: anyone else’s
( ) 32. Which do you prefer, the red one or the green one?
______.
A: None B: Any C: Either D: Every
( ) 33. ______ is interested in such a silly play.
A: No one B: None of us C: All of us D: We all

Ⅱ. Rewrite the sentences as required
1. Both Tom and Tim are good at sports. （ 改为否定句 ）
_ ___ Tom _____ Tim _____ good at sports.
2. This problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out. （ 保持原意 ）
This problem is ___ _ difficult for __ ____ to work out.
3. All of them are teachers. （ 改为