高中英语特殊句式省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

特殊句式1/55 特殊句式思维流程2/55知识点一倒装句一、完全倒装谓语动词完全置于主语之前句子，便是完全倒装句，这类句型主要有四种：1.表示方式或方位副词或介词短语：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等，置于句首。There goes the bell.铃响了。On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。3/552.such置于句首时 Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴人，也是20世纪最伟大科学家。3.“There be”句型be动词可用“stand,live,exist,lie,remain,seem,appear”等来代替，其形式为：There谓语主语。There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.山顶有座塔。There appear some black clouds in the sky.空中充满乌云。4/55【温馨提醒】在“There be”句型中，be动词依据靠近be动词名词单复数来改变。比如：There is a desk and two chairs in the room.There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。5/554.表语置于句首时为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语形容词、分词、介词短语等置于句首，组成完全倒装形式，即：形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语be主语。Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.20位老师和30位学生参加了会议。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐是一群年轻人。6/551.当句子主语由人称代词担当初，句子不倒装。Here it is./Away they went.7/552.此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以，such后be动词应与其后“真正主语”保持一致。8/55这就是他临终遗言。【误】Such is his last words.【正】Such are his last words.误点：_9/551.For a moment nothing happened,then _(come)voices all shouting together.答案came考查倒装句式。当一些副词如then,now,here，there,up等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。句意：一时间，什么都没发生，之后大家一起大笑起来。10/55两扇窗户之间挂有一张画。【误】Between the two windows hang a picture.【正】Between the two windows hangs a picture.误点：_11/55二、部分倒装只把谓语一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：1.only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且放在句首时。Only then did he realize he was wrong.直到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方式，我们才能学好英语。12/552.否定副词或短语never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,at no time,by no means,in no case等置于句首时。Never before have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人电影。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons.在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。13/553.五个主要固定句型：(1)“so/neither/norbe/have/助动词/情态动词主语”表示“前一句中内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。He came last night,so did I.他昨晚来了，我也来了。Lily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。14/55【温馨提醒】假如表示对前面内容必定，不使用倒装句式。It is hot today.今天天真热。So it is.确实如此。此句型也可写成It is/was the same with主语或So it is/was with主语。Tom is clever and he works hard.Tom很聪明而且工作努力。So it is with Jack.Jack也是这么。15/55(2)在“soadj./adv.that.”句型中，假如soadj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他英语说得如此清楚，以至于他总能让他人听懂。(3)在“not only.,but(also).”句型中，假如not only置于句首，需将not only引导句子倒装，但but(also)引导句子不倒装。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不但帮助人们找工作，而且会向需要人提供医疗。(4)当“not until.”置于句首时，until从句主谓不可倒装，而只是主句需要倒装。Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。16/55(5)在as引导让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形as主语)。Child as he was,he made a living by himself.尽管他是个孩子，他却自己谋生。Tired as he was,he still went on with his work.尽管很累，他还是继续工作。Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。People like his stories,because simple as the tales were,they would finish with a sudden change at the end,to the readers surprise.人们很喜欢他小说，因为故事即使简单，但结局出奇，让读者吃惊。17/551.副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“即不也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词做表语，引发主谓要倒装。Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。had,were,should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。2.(1)only修饰主语时，句子不能够倒装。Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答此题。(2)only位于句首修饰状语从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。18/55只有他返回时，我们才查明真相。【误】Only when did he return we found out the truth.【正】Only when he returned did we find out the truth.误点：_19/552.Only when he reached the tea-house _(realize)it was the same place hed been in last year.3.(辽宁，32)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _(consider)having a holiday abroad.答案2.did he realize3.did he consider20/551.not until放在句首时，后面主句用部分倒装，因为从句是过去时，所以主句也用普通过去时。2.as引导从句必须用部分倒装，though引导从句可用也可不用部分倒装，although引导从句用陈说语序。假如是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词。Youngest as he is in our class,he speaks English best.他即使是我们班年纪最小，但他英语说得最好。21/55知识点二强调句1.强调句型(1)强调句型结构。“It is/was被强调部分that/who其它成份”被强调成份能够是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。所强调能够是单词、短语，也能够是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指事物或情况时，通惯用that。It was he that broke the window.是他打破了窗子。(主语)22/55It was her that we met at the school gate.我们在校门口碰到正是她。(宾语)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.汤姆是在公园里丢了他手表。(状语)(2)强调句型问句形式。强调句型普通疑问句只需把is(was)提前。Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?是王教授教你们英语吗？强调句型特殊疑问句，只需在普通疑问句前加上疑问词。Who was it that broke the window？打破窗子是谁？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天打电话给我是什么时候？23/55(3)含有not.until.强调句型。其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其它成份。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。24/55 2.谓语动词强调假如需要强调谓语时，用？助动词do,does或did。Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。He did write to you last week.上周他确实写信给你了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真很努力。25/55强调句型It is(was)后面人称代词若是从句中主语，is/was后面应该用主格形式。倘若这一人称代词是从句宾语，则用宾格形式。It was him who(whom)I saw yesterday.我昨天见到正是他。26/55是他打破了窗户。【误】It was him who broke the window.【正】It was he who broke the window.误点：_27/55用适当词填空1.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.答案that句意：能给我们工作带来最大益处不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做事情付出了多少爱。考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故用that。28/552.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.答案that考查强调句型。句子即使比较长，不过其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。29/55知识点三省略句一、状语从句中省略现象1.当状语从句主语和主句主语一致，从句谓语动词中又含有动词be时，能够省略状语从句主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现以下结构：(1)连词(as,as if,once)名词Once(he was)a teacher,he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师，现在他在政府部门工作。(2)连词(though,whether,when)形容词Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.年轻时努力工作，不然你会后悔。30/55(3)连词(whether,as if,while)介词短语He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他处处看好像在找什么东西。(4)连词(when,while,though)现在分词While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时，听到有些人喊我名字。(5)连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.展览比预料更有趣。(6)连词(as if,as though)不定式He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.他张开嘴好像要说话。31/552.当从句主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，能够把it和系动词一起省略。此时组成“连词(if,unless，when,whenever)形容词”结构。Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查词典。另外，我们还能够用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用ifso/not省略句式。32/55Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早点起。不然(假如不那样)，你会错过头班车。He may not be at home then,if so(he is not at home),leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。假如那样，就给他留个纸条。33/5534/551.Though _(surprise)to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.答案surprised前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”省略形式。普通情况下，假如状语从句主语与主句主语相同，而且从句谓语含有be动词，常省略状语从句中主语和be动词。35/552.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._(假如这么话),wed better take it to the garage immediately.答案If so36/55二、不定式省略现象在一定上下文中，为了防止重复，有时不定式能够省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。1.代替动词不定式后被省略掉动词，常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。37/552.在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面。I didnt want to go there,but I had to.我不想去那儿，但不得不去。3.在一些形容词 glad,happy,pleased,delighted,afraid,willing,eager等后面。Will you join in the game？你想一起做游戏吗？Id be glad to.好。38/554.否定形式省略用not to。Shall I go instead of him？我要代替他去吗？I prefer not to.我宁愿不。5.假如省略不定式结构中含有be,have,have been，则要保留这些词。Are you monitor of our class？你是我们班长吗？No,but Id like to be.不，不过我想当。39/5540/55知识点四祈使句、感叹句及其它句式41/552.感叹句基本组成形式：(1)What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！(2)How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How形容词/副词主语谓语！What a clever boy he is！How clever the boy is！多聪明男孩啊！What beautiful flowers these are！How beautiful these flowers are!这些花多漂亮啊！How high the mountain is！这山真高啊！42/553.There be句型非谓语形式There being no bus,we had to walk home.没有公交车了，我们不得不走路回家。I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.我希望他有很多找到工作机会。There having been no water for 2 days,the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天没有水了，这些旅行者们口渴得很厉害。43/55多好姑娘啊！【误】How a nice girl she is!【正】What a nice girl she is！/How nice a girl she is!误点：_44/55Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs _(不然)you could have problems.答案or45/55易错点1not until误用Not until the motorbike looked almost new _(他才停下)repairing and cleaning it.解析not until放在句首，句子应用部分倒装结构。答案did he stop【即时小练】改写句子：直到昨天晚上，他才回家。A：He didnt return home until last night.B：Not until last night _.答案did he return home46/55以题说法not until结构用于倒装句型中主要形式为：(1)not until.部分位于句首；(2)部分倒装结构中无否定性结构；(3)当until后接从句时，且not until.位于句首时，那么主句要倒装，从句不倒装(如本题)。47/55突破指南应熟记倒装一些惯用词，了解其使用规则，做到“有法可依”。48/55易错点2省略问题误区In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _(过去).解析考查英语中动词不定式省略。当动词不定式中有be动词或have时，应对其进行保留。答案it used to be49/55【即时小练】判断正()误()(1)我叫他去看电影，不过他不想去。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.()I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to see.()(2)他还没完成。他早该完成了。He hasnt finished yet.Well,he ought to.()Well,he ought to have.()答案(1)(2)50/55以题说法分析句子结构可知，it指代前面提到过名词life,used to be表示“过去”；当动词不定式中有be动词或have 时，要对其进行保留；而在其它情况下保留到不定式符号to即可。突破指南省略在高中英语中比较常见，应该分清句子结构，再依据详细省略标准去做题。51/55假如你是李华，你班同学昨天为你举行了生日聚会，你外籍教师Jennifer也来参加，令你感动。请你就以下内容给她写一封电子邮件；1.老师到来让自己过了一个最好生日；2.喜欢老师送礼品(一本词典)；3.帮助老师在中国生活得愉快。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。52/55Dear Jennifer，Your coming to my birthday party yesterday gave me a big surprise,which I had never expected._Yours，Li Hua53/55【范文实例】54/551.三段成文文章结构使内容清楚，关键点全方面。2.文章语言中肯，让人读了心情愉悦。同时使用了多个复杂句型，防止了句式单一，提升了文章档次。如：You cannot imagine后宾语从句使用，it is because of your coming that.强调句型利用，I firmly believe that it will be of great help等利用都令人赏心悦目，读起来朗朗上口，能够说本文句句是经典。3.美观整齐书写也是一大提分亮点。读后启示：_55/55