如何写好中学英语作文.doc

如何写好中学英语作文
写作在英语学习中是培养和提高语言能力的有效手段，它有助于巩固和掌握所学词汇、语法等语言知识，有助于训练直接用所学语言进行思维，有利于提高驾驭语言的能力
●写作步骤
　　要写好一篇英语作文，掌握一定的写作技巧，应把握以下几个步骤：
　　1．认真审题立意，定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。
　　文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。以本次比赛的命题作文“The English teacher I Admire Most”为例，文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师，因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。

　　2．草拟提纲，打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。仍以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，提纲可以这样写：
　　 1）Who is the English teacher I admire most
　　2） My reasons
　　3） What can I learn from the teacher
　　3．写出落主题句，理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。
　　4．参照提纲，紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉
　　有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。还是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，主题段中就能用到举例法、说明法、因果法等。
　　进行这一步骤还需注意三方面问题：
　　1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。
　　2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。
　　3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。
　　●增加文采小窍门
　　如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地“写”了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门，以下这几点可以供你参考。
　　1．在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式，要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。
　　2．使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
　　3．改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词短语等。
　　4．学会使用过渡词。
　　如：1）递进：further more，moreover，besides，in addition，thenetc.
　　2）转折：however，but，nevertheless，afteralletc.
　　3）总结：finally，atlast，inbrief，toconclude
　　4）强调：really，indeed，certainly，surely，abovealletc.
　　5）对比：in the same way，justas，on the other hand，etc.
　　5．避免重复使用同一单词或词组。
　　6．注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语来代替一些词表达意思，以增加文采。
　　●把好检查最后一关
　　1．是否切题分三点看一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应该尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方，但切忌动“大手术”。
　　2．是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适。
　　3．是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。还是以“The English Teacher I Admire Most”为例，根据此标题，文章肯定用第一人称“I”写，一般性的描述用现在时，举过去的事例用过去时。
　　4．是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误，注意卷面整洁要提高写作水平，最根本是要大量实践，必须多读多写，注意博览和精读相结合，甚至可以适当背诵一些名句名篇。另外，还可选些范文，悉心领悟，多加模仿，以逐步达到运用自如。

最好的朋友 My Best Friend
　　I have a best friend.
She has long，straight，black hair，big，black eyes and a small nose. She is very thin and kind，she is cute，too. Her English and Chinese is very good. She
is hard-working. 
　　Her favorite season is summer，because it’s hot，she can eat ice- cream.Shelikes playing the piano，reading books and singing songs.
　　Who’s she？She is my best friend ——Sun Mengqi. She has a
verygoodEnglish name，too——Angle.
范文：快乐的一天 A Happy Day
　　Today is the National Day.It is our country＇s birthday. Now she is 56.I am very happy.
　　Today in the afternoon，I go to the park，people all look so happy. Someone is doing exercise，someone is singing the nation song. A little girl comes to me and says to me，happy National Day.I know she loves the country，but I love her，too. Today is a happy day.
范文讲评：周末
　　「要求」
　　周末两天的休息对于平时忙于工作学习的人们来说是非常宝贵的。请你根据下列提纲写一篇短文。
　　周末对于人们来说意味着什么。
　　每个人都有自己度周末的方式。
　　我是怎样度周末的。
　　「范文」
　　Weekends
　Weekends to people mean that they can have a two-day good rest. For example， people can go out to enjoy themselves or get together with relatives and friends to talk with each other or watch interesting video tapes with the whole family.
　　Everyone spends weekends in his own way. Within two days， some people can relax themselves by listening to music， reading novels， or watching films. Others perhaps are more active by playing basketball， wimming or dancing. Different people have different relaxations.
　　I often spend weekends with my family or my friends. Sometimes my parents take me on a visit to their old friends. Sometimes I go to the library to study or borrow some books to gain much knowledge. I also go to see various exhibition to broaden my vision. An excursion to seashore or mountain resorts is my favorite way of spending weekends. Weekends are always enjoyable for me.
　　「评语」
　　全文思路清晰，论述充分，语言流畅易懂。用词讲究，注意了词语搭配，没有重复、堆砌之感。
范文讲评：节日出行
　　「要求」
　　和外国朋友交谈是文化生活中很重要的一部分，但是谈什么话题却要慎重考虑，因为各国风俗习惯不同，谈的东西要关涉到禁忌、兴趣。学校的英语角将要组织一次对外交流活动。请你以书面形式写一些可以作为谈话的材料。
　　「范文」
　　Holidays and Outings
　　It is common in English to ask people about their holidays. In the West many families go away on holiday during the summer months and so it is very usual to ask about this. If the holiday has not yet taken place，then their holiday plans can be talked about. And if it is already over，then where they went，whether they enjoyed it and so on can be discussed. Similar questions are asked before festivals and pubic holidays.
　　Foreigners living and working in China often have frequent opportunities for travel，either at weekends or during their holiday periods，so questions on this topic can often lead to fruitful discussions. They may be particularly interested to hear comments on which places are worth visiting and why，especially if these places are a little less well known and not clearly described in the tour guides.
　　Take vacaticn and long weekends. Never let vacation time expire.
　　「评语」
　　看完上文，可知这实际上是一篇讨论英语话题的文章。从这个角度来写“Holidays and Outings”这个题目可谓不无新义。但是在与外国人交往时谈些什么都是一个很现实的问题。本文提供了这一范例。全篇也围这个问题来写，几乎每句话都是紧扣中心的。比如它始终突出了这是一个话题，就反复用“ask”、“discuss”、以及“comment”等词。

范文讲评：介绍你的学校
　　「要求」
　　下周将有一批外宾来校参观，请你给外宾简要介绍你校的情况。内容包括三方面：
　　校史和成绩。
　　学校规模和主要设施。
　　师生状况（词数100—120）。
　　「范文」
　　An Introduction
　　Our school was built in 1945 and a great number of students have graduated from it. Now many of them have become scientists，professors and engineers. Many students have also become workers and farmers after graduation. They have achieved great success in the development of modern industry and agriculture.
　　Our school is a key middle school in our province. It has thirty classes with over 130students. Our school has a six-storeyed teaching building，several laboratories and a large playground. Last year，a new library was built and it has more than 1000 copies of books.
　　All the teachers here are trying their best to do their work well. Every students is making full use of his time to train himself to be a qualified student.
　　「评语」
　　文章简洁得体，结构鲜明，语言流畅，介绍具体。读后让人对学校概貌了然于胸。
　　school 还有学派的意思，另外“一群鱼”叫做a school of fish.
精品习作（2）
　　精品题目
　　下面六幅图描述了十月九日星期三早晨你所经历的一件事。请根据这些图画，用英语写一篇日记。

　　注意：
　　1. 日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使其连贯。
　　2. 日记格式已写出。
　　3. 词数： 100 左右。
　　Oct. 9th Wednesday Fine
　　4
　　下面六幅画描述了 12 月 1 日，一个晴天（前一夜下了雪），你上学路上所做的一件好事，根据以下图画用英语写一篇日记。词数 100 ～ 120 .

　　注意：
　　1. 日记格式；
　　2. 日记包括所有图画内容，可适当增减细节，使日记意思连贯。
　　October 9th Wednesday Fine
　　This morning， my friend and I went to the park by bike. A boy before us was on a bike ，too. He rode very fast. Suddenly he fell off his bike. He lay on the ground and couldn't get up. My friend and I rode up to him and tried to help him rise. He sat up but couldn't stand up， because he had his right leg broken. We decided to send him to the nearest hospital on his bike. In the hospital， he was well examined and given immediate treatment. There I phoned his home and told his parents about the matter.
　　His parents came to the hospital before long. After knowing what had happened they thanked us again and again. Then we said good-bye to them. Though we didn't play in the park， we felt very happy because we had done what we should.
　　Dec. 1st， 2002 Monday Sunny
　　This morning I woke up and surprisedly found that it snowed last night. After breakfast， I quickly went to school， on my way to school， I saw a man riding a bike ahead of me. He was riding too fast and hit an old woman to the ground. He didn't stop to help the woman. Instead he rode away. I hurried to the woman and helped her to sit up. At the same time， a policeman came to my help. We stopped a taxi and took the woman to the People's Hospital. Then I phoned the old woman's family. Shortly after the old woman's daughter came to the hospital， I left the hospital for school. They thanked me again and again and asked for my name. I answered： “ I am a student learning from Lei Feng. ”
精品习作（1）
　　精品题目
　　1
　　你于“五一”前夕 ––––4 月 28 日上午九点钟，与全班同学一起到学校附近的公园参加一次公益劳动（ voluntary labour ），全班分成了三组。你在第三组。请你用日记的形式写一篇短文。
　　劳动任务安排

　　参考词汇： litter 果皮纸屑等废弃物
　　注意：
　　1. 短文必须写出提示及表格所列出的全部内容。
　　2. 词数 100 左右。
　　3. 日记的格式已为你写好。
　　April 28th Saturday Fine
　　1
　　April 28th Saturday Fine
　　It was Saturday， just before May Day. My classmates and I went to the park nearby， we didn't go there for amusement but took part in voluntary labor.
　　We got there at 9：00. We were divided into three groups and then began working. The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The task for Group Two was collecting the litter left about by tourists and cleaning the benches. The group I was in got to the Children's Playground and wiped all the equipment clean. We worked very hard. At 11：00， when all the work was finished up， all my classmates met again. Although everyone was in a sweat， yet we felt happy because we had done good job.