主谓一致丁建丽.doc

主谓一致
濮阳市第四中学丁建丽
主谓一致可以分为三类，见下表：

语法
一致

(1) and, both … and …连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。注意：如果and连接的两个词是指同一人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2) 在“主语+ with / together with/ as well as //including，except ，rather than, 谓语动词形式与这些短语之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致；
(3) 不可数名词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等作主语时谓语动词用单数;
and连接的两个单数名词均受 each, every, no, many a等词修饰时谓语动词用单数.
(4) kind of/ type of/ sort of/ pair of/ piece of 等作主语时,谓动词与kind/pair/type/sort保持一致;
成双成对出现的复数名词glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数；但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词一致。
意义
一致

(1) 表时间、金钱、距离、重量数目等名词作主语时，被看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2) people，police，cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；
family，class，group，team，army, club, government, 等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3) “the + adj.”指一类人作主语时，“the +old /young /rich /poor 谓用复数。
(4) 以“-ics”结尾学科名词，指教科研某一学科；politics,physics,maths, news 用单数
（5）表示“某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。即the + 姓的复数。
就近
一致

(1) “there be”句型中，当be动词后面的名词不止一个时，be动词的人称和数一般与其最近的名词的人称和数保持一致。
(2) not only … but also …，either...or.../ ，neither...nor.../， whether...or.../ not...，等连接并列主语时等连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与最近名词或代词一致。
主谓一致[语法精析]
英语的一致关系中的其中一条就是要求句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是主谓一致。主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
主谓语法一致是指谓语动词与主语在单复数形式上保持一致。
1. 在下列情况下，谓语动词通常用单数形式：
(1) 不可数名词、动名词(短语)、不定式
(短语)、从句等作主语时；
(2) and连接的两个名词表示一个整体、同一种事物或同一人时；
(3) and连接的两个单数名词均受 each, every, no, many a等词修饰时；
(4) 代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合不定代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时。
2. 在下列情况下要视具体情况而定：
(1) 主语后接with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, except等引导的短语时，谓语动词形式与这些短语之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致；
(2) 当kind of/ pair of/ type of/ sort of等作主
语时，谓语动词与kind/pair/type/sort保持一致；
(3) 当“分数或百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of 后面的名词保持一致。
二、意义一致原则
主语和谓语在意义上的一致是指根据句意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1. 在下列情况下，谓语动词通常用单数形式：
(1) 表示“时间、距离、金钱、重量”等复数名词作主语，被看作一个整体时；
(2) 当army, club, family, government, class, team等集体名词作主语，表示整体时；
(3) 以“-ics”结尾的学科名词，指教育、科研的某一学科；
(4) 复数名词用作书、电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时。
2. 在下列情况下，谓语动词通常用复数形式：
(1) 当“the + adj.”指一类人作主语时；
(2) 当army, club, family, government, class, team等集体名词作主语，强调集体中的个体时；
(3) 有些集合名词，如people, police, cattle等形式上是单数，但往往用作复数。
三、就近一致原则
就近一致是指谓语动词与最靠近它的名词、代词在人称和数上保持一致。
1. 在there be句型中或以here开头的句子中，be动词应与后面的名词保持一致，当后面的名词不止一个时，be动词应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致；
2. either...or.../ neither...nor.../ whether...or.../ not...but.../ not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，谓语同邻近的主语一致。
[小试身手]
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Reading aloud 　　　　　 (be) very important in learning English.
2. Whether we’ll go 　　　　　 (depend) on the weather.
3.Both industry and agriculture 　　　　　 (have) been greatly developed these years.
4. The writer and teacher 　　　　　 (be) speaking at the meeting.
5. Every boy and every girl 　　　　　 (have) the right to receive education.
6. The population of the earth 　　　　　 (be) increasing every year.
7. Politics 　　　　　 (be) a complicated subject.
8. There 　　　　　 (be) a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk．
9. Not only the students but also the teacher 　　　　　 (want) to go climbing.
10. More than twenty students 　　　　　 (be) playing football in the playground

单项选择：
( ) 1. The teacher and writer 　　　 tomorrow.
A. has arrived B. have arrived C. is arriving D. are arriving
( ) 2. Look! Mrs Yang with two new students 　　　 towards the classroom.
A. is walking B. are walking C. walks D. walk
( ) 3. How time flies! Two months 　　　 really a short time. A. Is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 4. The rest of the eggs 　　　 gone bad. You’d better throw them away.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 5. Not only the students but also the teacher 　　　 against the plan.
A. are B. is C. do D. does
Ⅱ. 单项填空。
1. Look! There 　　　 playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
2. The injured in the earthquake 　　　 good care of by some medical teams.
A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken
3. My friend and classmate Paul 　　　 motorcycles in his spare time.
A. race B. races C. is raced D. is racing
4. The factory, including its machines and buildings, 　　　 burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
5. Her family 　　　 much larger than mine. Her family 　　　 singing and dancing when I
came in last night. A. are; was B. is; were C. is; was D. are; were
2010·湖北省黄冈市-David has been away for more than 25 days.
--I miss him very much.You know ,25 days _______short.
　　A.is B.isn’t C.are D.aren’t
（2010·湖北省十堰市，39，1）Climbing hills ______of great help to our health.
　　A.was B.were C.is D.are
（2010·山东省莱芜市，22，1）Yao Ming works hard on his English and ________
　A．so Liu Xiang does B．so is Liu Xiang C．so does Liu Xiang D．so Liu Xiang is
（2010·福建省福州市，35，1）-Leo,________no milk or eggs in the fridge.
　　--Oh,I’ll go and buy some right away.
　　A.it is B.there is C.there are
（2010·北京市，The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.
　　A. am B. is C. are D. be
（2010·北京市，27，1）-________ you turn down your radio, please? -Yes, I can.
　　A. May B. Need C. Must D. Can
（2010·广西省定西市，四，1）( )2.There___some milk in the glass.
　　 A. is B. are C. be D. has

实战练习，所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Half of the apples ______(be) red.
2.A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.
3.The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
4.My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl
5.My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
6.When to leave _____(be) not been decided.
7.Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
8.What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
9.The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.
10.The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year.
11.2 and 3 ______5.
12.The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
13.every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…
14.Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
15.Neither of us _____(have) been abroad.
16.Neither answer _____(be) wrong .
17.Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
18.A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
19.Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk .
20.Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
21.The young ______(like) listening to popular songs .
22.The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.
23.Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.
24.There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.
25.There ______(come) the bus.
26.I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
27.It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
28.What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”
29.Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
30.80% cotton ______have) been sent to America.80%
31. Reading aloud 　　　　　 (be) very important in learning English.
32. Whether we’ll go 　　　　　 (depend) on the weather.
33.Both industry and agriculture 　　　　　 (have) been greatly developed these years.
34. The writer and teacher 　　　　　 (be) speaking at the meeting.
35. Every boy and every girl 　　　　　 (have) the right to receive education.
36. The population of the earth 　　　　　 (be) increasing every year.
37. Politics 　　　　　 (be) a complicated subject.
38. There 　　　　　 (be) a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk．
39. Not only the students but also the teacher 　　　　　 (want) to go climbing.
40. More than twenty students 　　　　　 (be) playing football in the playground.

连词专练
主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现：
if，unless(除非、如果不），when，not…until…（不到...不）as soon as（一…就..）
and，but , so, or, Because , since, Before , after , while , as , until / till，
in order to do（为了）, in order that （为了），both...and （两者都）, neither... nor（既不...也不）, either...or（或者...或者...） , not only...but also（不仅...而且...），地点状语从句where，原因状语从句because，目的状语从句so that，
结果状语从句so … that和such....that （如此...以至于...+情态动词）,
比较状语从句as… as（像...一样），not so...as...（不像...一样），
让步状语从句though，although，even if，even though（即使...、尽管）。
一、
1. I’ll write to you _______ I get there. A. while B. before C. as soon as D. by
2. He has lived in the city __ he came back from America . A. when B. before C. since D. after
3. We won’t leave here ___ our teacher comes back. A. until B. since C. after D. as soon as
4. I had to finish the picture ___ my mother came back. A. until B. before C. after D. while
5. John fell asleep __ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
6.You’ll be late ___ you don’t get up early tomorrow morning.
A. if B. when C. before D. until
7.If he ____ on time, we will go without him
A. doesn’t come B. don’t come C. didn’t come
8.If you _______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he ______ to work on the farm with us.
A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go
9. I didn’t buy the dictionary yesterday ___ my aunt would give me one.
A. until B. because C. if D before
10. ---- Why did you come to school late this morning?
----- ______ I watched the football World Cup until 12 o’clock last night.
A. If B. Because C. Since D. Though
11. Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 _______ I can catch the 12:00 train.
A. since B. after C. as soon as D. so that
12. His mother was _____ busy _____ she can’t look after Tom.
A. so, that B. such, that C. very , that D. too, to
13.He was __ angry to hear the news that he couldn’t say a word.
A. so B. too C. very D. much
14. Kate went to school ___ it rained heavily yesterday. A. though B. if C. but D. since
15.The days are _______ in our country.
A. as warm as B. as warmer as C. warm than D. so warmer as
16. --It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go. --It’s raining outside. Don’t leave ______ it stops.
A. when B. since C. while D. until
17. The children will climb the hill if it _______ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain B. didn’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t raining
18. Frank _____ a film if he’s free next Saturday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see I
二、
1.【2012贵州贵阳】43. Teresa is ___ nervous __ she can’t talk in front of the class.
A. such, that B. too, to C. so, that
2.【安徽 -- What’s your plan for the summer holidays? --I’ll go to Beijing__ the school term ends.
A. in order that B. so that C. as soon as D. even though
3.【2012贵州安顺】17.I think ___ not difficult ___ English every morning．
A. that; keep reading B．it’s; keep reading C. that; to keep reading D．it; to keep reading
4.【2012年福州市】40. – We’ll go for a picnic if it _____ this Sunday.
-- Wish you a lovely weekend. A. rain B. doesn‘t rain C. won‘t rain
5. There will be a flower show in the park____ we visited last week.
A. who B. when C. what D which 【2012年广东省】
6.. If our government _____attention to controlling food safety now, our health ____in danger.
A. won’t pay, is B. doesn’t pay, is C. won’t pay, will be D. doesn’t pay, will be
7.【2012黄冈】41. —Excuse me, Could you wake me up when my friend____ here?
—Of course. we still don’t know when your friend _____ here.
A. comes; will come B. comes；comes C. will come; comes D. will come； will come
8.【2012湖北黄冈】42. —Do you have Jay‘s CDs?
—Sorry, they are __. But we‘ll get some more next week because they _____.
A. sold well； are on sale B. sold out； sell well C. selling well; sell well D. for sale; sell well
9.【 2012四川成都】46. —I want to know when Mr. Brown will arrive.
—When he____, I will tell you. A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrives
10.【2012四川达州】24. —I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine aren’t allowed to drive.
—If I you____, I would give up___ wine
A. were; drinking B. am; drinking C. were; drink D. was; t o drink
11.___I was in he US, I made a lot of American friends. A. While B. Although C. Unless D. Until
12.【2012四川南充】25. What would happen if he ______back home? A. go B. goes C. went
13.【2012四川雅安市】9. If a polar bear____, it ____fish from the water.
A. will be hungry; catches B. is hungry; will catch
C. is going to be hungry; catches D. is hungry; won’t catch
14.【12六盘水】38.-----Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?
-- I think we will if we ___ any classes.
A. won ’t have B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. aren’t having
15.【2012山东·东营市】– Excuse me, can I interview Mr. Miller this afternoon?
-- A moment, please. Let me check______ .
A. if Mr. Miller will be free B. when will Mr. Miller have time
C. Mr. Miller had an appointment D. when does Mr. Miller come back
16.【12川乐山市】22. _____he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Although. B. Because. C. If
专练三
1.___________he exercises every day, ____________ he is very healthy.
A. Because; so B. Because; through C. Because; / D. Though; /
2.You can choose to watch TV at home go shopping with me.
A. and B. but C. so D.or
3.Hurry up, ____ finish your homework! A.or B.but C.and D.while
4.The bus driver always says to us ,“Don’t get off________ the bus stops.” A. when B. while C .until
5..Though the old man didn’t have enough money, he gave a thousand yuan to the charity.
A. / B. and C. but D. so
6. I have been collecting stamps _____ I was nine years old. A.before B.if C. since
7.. We just need one of you for the game. you your brother can join us.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
8..A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin save “China’s most beautiful teacher”—Ms Zhang Lili.
A. so that B. in order to C. in order that D. as a result
9.. It was ______ lovely weather ______ we decided to spend the day on the beach.
A. such a；that B. such； that C. such；as D. so；that
10. Eddie was sleeping Millie was reading a magazine. A. until B. while C. before D. after
11.You will fall behind others you work hard. A.if B.unless C.though D.since
12. —I hear ______ your grandpa ______ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.
—Right, just as many old people do un our city.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also
13. "You can't have them all. You can choose _____the kite ______ the toy car," said the mother.
A. either; or B. not only; but also C. both; and
14. ________ my father _____ my mother is able to drive a car. However, they are