虚拟语气专项练习.doc

虚拟语气专项练习
虚拟语气概述
虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。虚拟语气要用特定的动词形式。
1． 虚拟语气在条件从句的用法
1．表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式
条件从句
主句
动词过去式（be用were）
would(should, could, might)+动词原形
We would go with you if we had time.
We could ask him if he were here.
If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.
2．表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的形式
条件从句
主句
had+过去分词
would(should, could, might)+have+动词的过去分词
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
If you had come earlier, you might have met him.
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.
3．表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的形式
条件从句
主句
动词过去式
或should+动词原形
或were to+动词原形

would(should, could, might)+动词原形
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
2．虚拟语气的一些其它用法
1. 虚拟语气用于as if/though, even if /though 从句中：
与现在情况相反，用一般过去时
与过去情况相反，用过去完成时
与将来情况相反，用过去将来时
He looks as if he were an artist.
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in American.
She looks as if she would cry.
但是，as if/though, even if /though 从句中，如果表达的内容是真实情况，就用陈述语气。如：

The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. 虚拟语气用于if only 感叹句中：
表现在未实现的愿望，用过去时
表过去未实现的愿望，用过去完成时
表将来未实现的愿望，用过去将来时
If only I were a flying bird!
If only I had arrived in time!
If only the teacher would give us an easy exam paper, but I know this is impossible, as all our previous exams have been difficult .
3. 虚拟语气用于would rather 后的宾语从句中：
表示现在或将来的时间概念时，用过去时
表示过去的时间概念时，用过去完成时
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I would rather he didn’t stay there too long.
I would rather I had dropped in on Professor Liu yesterday.
4．虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中：
表示与现在事实情况相反，用过去时
表示与过去事实情况相反，用过去完成时
表示与将来事实情况相反，用过去将来时
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
I wish I had met that film star yesterday.
I wish I would fly in space some day just like Yang Liwei.
5．虚拟语气还用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：
advise建议 suggest建议 command命令 demand要求 propose提议 object反对 order命令 require 需要 request要求 recommend推荐 urge强调，促进
She advised that I (should) give up smoking.
B、用于It is+形容词/过去分词/名词+主语从句中，这类形容词/过去分词/名词有：
1)advisable合理的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的 essential紧要的，基本的
anxious焦急的 important重要的 desirable合意的 insistent坚持的 keen渴望的 incredible 难以置信的 natural自然的 urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的 probable（可能的）possible可能的 strange 奇怪的
2)proposed提议 requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议 desired想要 commanded命令的ordered命令 shocked震惊的
3)pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾
It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
C．用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：
advice忠告 demand要求 desire要求、愿望 order命令 idea 建议 preference偏爱 proposal提议 recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 suggestion劝告、忠告
The advice that we(should) solve the problem at once is reasonable.
His suggestion is that they (should) move to a higher place.
6． 定语从句中虚拟语气的运用：
It is (about/ high) time that ---should/did----
It is (about) time that you made up your mind.
7．含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。表示含蓄虚拟条件的方法有：
（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, without等
But for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.
=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.
(2)连词，如：or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐), but that等
He was taken to hospital at once, otherwise he would have died.
They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，should可省略，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。
8．某些特殊的祝福用语。如：
Long live China! 中国万岁！（虽然China为第三人称单数，live用原形）
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
虚拟语气练习
1. If I had had enough time, I_______ my work.
A. would finish　 B. must have finished　 C. would have finished　 D. had finished
2. Ten minutes earlier, they _______ the plane.
A. will catch　 B would catch　 C. would have caught　 D. will have caught
3. If he had studied hard, he_______ a college student now.
A. would be　 B. could be　 C. had been 　 D. were
4. If there were no water in the world, everything _______.　
A. will die　 B. would die　 C. would have died　 D. would have been dead
5. ______ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. If I had known　 B. If I know　 C. If I knew　 D. If had I known
6. ________, I would have taken a taxi.　
A. In your room　 B. In your shoes　 C. In your house D. If I had been
7 .I _______, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.
A. mean to come　B. meant to come　C. had meant to come　D. meant coming
8. If you had spoken clearly, you would_______.
A. understand it　B. have understood　C .be understood　D. have been understood
9 .If you _______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched　B. hadn’t watched　C. didn’t watch　D. wouldn’t have watched B
10. -- If he _______, he_______ that food.
-- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. would be warned; had not taken
C. had been warned; would not have taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
11. _______ to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the match.
A. It were B. If were it C. Were it D. Should it
12. You ______ be a fool to refuse to follow his advice.
A. should B. must C. would D. could
13. ______ for the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibition.
A. If it had been B. Had it been C. It had not been D. Had it not been
14. I ______ the meeting, but I have been too busy.
A. will not attend B. would have attended C. would attend D. had attended
15. Should I happen to see him at school, I _______ tell him to come back at once.
A. can B. could C. will D. would
16. _______ the Communist Party, New China couldn’t have been founded in 1949.
A. Without B. With C. But D. For
17. She _______ to town yesterday, otherwise I should have met her at her home.
A. had gone B. would go C. went D. should go
18. The young man insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and ______ free.
A. did; set    B. had done; should be set   C. do; be set   D. had done; must be set
19. My suggestion was that the meeting ______off still next week.
A. be put  B. to put  C. should put  D. be putting
20. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the village soon.
A. would be sent  B. should send  C. be sent  D. must be sent
21. It is necessary that the problem ________ at once.
  A. solves  B. should solve  C. should be solved   D. will be solve
22. Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds; it’s time we __________
　A. played football B. will play football
C. play football D. are playing football
23. ________ it had snowed, we would have had a very pleasant journey.
A. If B. But for C. Without D. But that
24. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
25.--What is his suggestion?
--The road ________ at once.
A. can be repaired B. should be repaired C. must be repaired D. may be repaired
26. Where is my dictionary? I _______ it.
A. might lose B. must have lost C. should have lost D. would have lost
27.--I slept outside all the night because I lost the key to my bedroom.
--Oh, did you? You ______ with John in the factory.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
28. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _______ it out for her.
A. had to write B. must have written
C. should have written D. ought to write
29 There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You _______ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
30. Sorry, I’m late. I _______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C can D. will
31. I would not have succeeded _______ your help.
A. but for B. except C. but that D. with
32. If only I _______ able to speak to her before she died.
A. was B. were C. had been D. must have been
33. I’m surprised that he _______ refuse to see me.
A. should B. shall C. may D. must
34. My mother would rather we _______ each other any more.
A. won’t see B. didn’t see C. shan’t see D. mustn’t
35. How I wished I ________ the answer at that time.
A. knew B. had known C. would know D. would have known
36. It is really surprising that the girl ________ marry so early.
A. may B. can C. should D. must
37. He talked about Beijing as if he _______ Beijing.
A. went to B. has gone to C. had been to D. has been to
38. --I’m sorry, sir.
--You _______ come here five minutes earlier. Don’t be late next time.
A. should have B. could have C. would have D. might have
39. Liu Hulan would rather _______ than _______.
A. died, surrendered B. died, surrender C. die, surrendered D. die, surrender
40. Nothing could have saved him even if he _______ without delay.
A. had been tended B. must have been tended C. would be tended D. was tended
41. We started early in case we ________ the train.
A. may miss B. should miss C. might miss D. shall miss
42. I couldn’t believe that he ______ see his own mistakes.
A. should not B. could not C. might not D. would not
43. _______ you tell me how to go to Xueyao Middle School?
A. Should B. Could C. Might D. Must
44. It _______ have rained last night because the ground is not wet.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. oughtn’t
45. If you _______ the doctor’s advice, you would be well now.
A. had followed B. followed C. were to follow D. would follow
46. If I _______ at five in the morning, the work would have suited me much better.
A. should have risen B. might have risen C. would have risen D. could rise
47. Jiangsu TV station begins its programs with the words Jiangsu ________ you every morning.
A. bless B. blesses C. will bless D. would bless
48. If you were right, we _______ act at once.
A. must B. had to C. would have to D. would have had to
49. She hid herself behind a big tall tree lest anyone _______ her.
A. sees B. see C. would see D. had seen
50. Li Ping ________ have called me yesterday because I knew it.
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t

答案：
1—10CCABABCDBC 11—20CCDBDACBAC 21—30CADDBBACDA
31—40ACABACCADA 41—50BABBABBCBB
解析：
1. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，条件从句加主句的结构。
2. Ten minutes earlier相当于一个状语从句，表示对过去情况的虚拟。
3. 混合条件状语从句，条件句表过去，主句表现在。
4. 表示对一般情况的虚拟，情态动词用过去式。
5. 虚拟条件从句中含有从句，虚拟条件从句用表示过去的动词形式。
6. In your shoes相当于一个条件状语从句，意义等于If I had been you。
7. had meant to do sth表示本想做什么，事实没有做。
8. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，主句用被动语态。
9. 混合条件状语从句，条件句表过去，并且用否定形式。
10. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，条件句用肯定形式，主句用否定形式。
11. 虚拟条件从句中含有were时，可不使用if,把were移至主语前。
12. 不定式表示一个隐藏的条件状语从句，主句要用虚拟语气。
13. 虚拟条件从句中含有had时，可不使用if,把had移至主语前；该条件句应该使用否定形式。
14. 虚拟条件从句可以通过连词but来表示，but前用虚拟语气，后用陈述语气。
15. 虚拟条件主从复合句，表将来的情况，主句中动词用would加动词原形的结构。
16. 省略的虚拟条件从句可以用介词短语来表示。Without the Communist Party相当于If it had not been for the Communist Party.
17. 虚拟条件从句可以通过连词otherwise/or来表示，otherwise/or前用陈述语气，后用虚拟语气。
18. insist在此有两个意思，前一个意思为“认为”，后一个意思为“要求”。因此，前半部分用陈述语气，后半部分用虚拟语气。
19. 表示建议，表语从句中的动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。
20. order表示要求，同位语从句中的动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。
21. 虚拟语气用来表示要求、建议、提议的主语从句中，动词形式为“should+动词原形”。
22. 在“It’s time (that)…”结构中动词的形式有两种：did或should do。
23. But that为词义和语法形式唯一正确的形式。but that相当于but for或without，但只用在虚拟语气结构中，且后接句子。
24. 前半句确定了后半句表示对过去情况的虚拟，if条件句中用“had+过去分词”，主句中用“would have done”的结构。
25. 这是两个人完成的一句话，相当于His suggestion is that the road should be repaired at once.
26. 根据语境推测：对过去情况的肯定推测用“must have done”的结构。
27. could have done表示本可以做而没有做，是“情态动词 + have done something”结构之一。
28. should have done表示本该做而没有做，也是“情态动词 + have done something”结构之一。
29. ought to have done相当于should have done。
30. might have done表示对过去语气不是很强的推测。
31. but for your help相当于If you had not helped me；but for是介词短语，一般和虚拟语气连用。
32. If only后面表示的是过去的情况，动词形式用“had+过去分词”。
33. 在表示强烈感情色彩的宾语从句中，should表示“居然”，后接动词原形，是虚拟语气的形式之一。
34. would rather后的宾语从句，动词是现在和过去的范畴，用过去式。
35. 宾语从句中的动词发生的时间和主句中的主要动词发生的时间相同，动词用过去式。
36. 在表示强烈感情色彩的主语从句中，should表示“居然”，后接动词原形，是虚拟语气的形式之一。
37. as if从句中的动词的动作先于主句中动词的动作，用“had+过去分词”。
38. should have done表示“本该做而没有做”。
39. would rather…than…的结构，后面都是接不带“to”的不定式，不是虚拟语气，但易与虚拟语气混淆。
40. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，even起强调作用。
41. in case用来引导否定意义的目的状语从句，其中的动词形式常用“should+动词原形”。
42. should表示“居然”，用否定形式，表示讲话者的强烈感情色彩，是虚拟语气的形式之一。
43. Could you…是表示有礼貌的请求，也是虚拟语气的形式之一。
44. couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。没有mustn’t have done的形式。
45. 从句表过去，主句表现在。从句里的动词形式应该为“had+过去分词”。
46. 如果意思需要，表过去的虚拟条件从句中也可用“might have done/could have done”结构，表示推测。
47. Jiangsu是拟人化的形式，不同与“God bless you”。
48. must没有过去式，借助于have to进行虚拟，且表示现在的情况。
49. lest引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，should可省略。
50. needn’t have done表示“本不需要做”的意思。