定语从句高考考点例析.doc

定语从句高考考点例析定语从句是高中英语教学的一个重点，也是高考考查的一个热点。下面通过对近几年来有关定语从句的高考题进行分析，归纳和总结出其考查热点，希望能对同学们理解和掌握定语从句有所帮助。一、考查关系代词或关系副词的选用 定语从句的考查主要集中在关联词上。确定关联词可以分三步走：首先，找出先行词；然后准确判断先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（作主语、宾语或状语）；最后选择合适的关联词。通常情况下，我们可以采用“代入法”。即将先行词代入定语从句中，看看它在从句中充当什么成分，这时答案也就显而易见了。【原题再现】1. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where2. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A. which B. as C. why D. where【点拨】1. 选A。将先行词The Science Museum代入定语从句中，可知其在定语从句中作visited的宾语，且从句为非限制性定语从句所以定语从句用关系代词which引导。2. 选D。将先行词cases代入定语从句中应为：“beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases”。cases在从句中作介词in的宾语，而in the cases在从句中作状语，所以从句用in which或关系副词where引导。二、考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)；关系代词在从句中作定语时，一般用whose。whom, which, whose前用什么介词主要看两点：一看从句所修饰的成分与什么介词构成固定结构或符合客观事实；二看从句中的动词与什么介词构成固定结构或符合客观事实。“代入法”同样是行之有效的解题方法。【原题再现】1. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on whichC. from which D. above which2. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whomC. with whom D. with which3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what【点拨】1. 选D。通过“代入法”可知which指代Mount Qomolangma，rainbow应在山峰的上空，故用介词above。2. 选B。这是一个非限制性定语从句。代入后可知定语从句应为“we gave some bells and glasses to (one of them)”，故应选B。3. 选B。题干中两个分句用逗号隔开，可推断出第二个分句应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为floods，将其代入定语从句中可知其作定语，故选B。三、考查as 和which引导非限制性定语从句 关系代词as, which在引导修饰句子的非限制性定语从句时，主要有两个区别：1.语序上有区别，as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中或句尾，而且在句首时一般只用as; which引导非限制性定语从句一般放在句中或句尾。2. 词汇意义有区别，which常作“这、这一点”解，而as常作“这、这一点、正如、正像”解。【原题再现】The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that【点拨】 选C。根据句意：结果那里的路况非常好，这超出了我们的想象。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。四、考查定语从句与其他句型辨析 容易与定语从句相混淆的句型结构有强调句型，名词性从句（特别是同位语从句），状语从句等。因此，同学们在平时学习定语从句时，不能孤立地学习和使用定语从句，而要将其与其他句型相比较，从而提高自己认知不同句型结构的能力。【原题再现】1. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when2. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that【点拨】1. 选A。该句是强调句型，强调地点状语in New Zealand。注意强调句型是“It + be + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，不能因为被强调的是地点就把that误用为where。2. 选 C。根据句意：你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得到的地方。可知该句中where引导的是地点状语从句，而不是定语从句。