独立主格结构教案.docx

• Absolute Construction

独立主格结构-----由期中试卷28题说起
• 执教者：东南中学 陆琴

I.Teaching Aims：
1.To learn about the conception of absolute construction
2.To master the usual forms of absolute construction
3.To master the usages of absolute construction skillfully.
II.Teaching Important point the usual forms of absolute construction
III.Teaching Difficult Point the usages of absolute construction
IV.Teaching methods：
Explaining by using courseware on multi-media
用多媒体课件展示
V.Teaching period：
VI.Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Conception 有时一个名词/代词 + 一个其 它结构,在句中作状语，相当于一个 状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构 （Absolute Construction）。
Step 2 Seven forms of Absolute Construction
1.n/pron + doing
River rising, they had to left for safety.
2.n/pron. + to do
Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.
3. n/pron. + done
All the work done, they went for lunch.
4. n/pron. + adj.
He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
5. n/pron. + adv.
He was lying in bed, light on.
6. n/pron. + Prepositional phrase
He walked in, cane in hand.
在这种结构中，n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子中只能作状语，
7. n/pron +（being）+ n.
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being）
注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，
一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.
The policeman entered the dark room, gun in hand
The old man sat down, his face pale with pain.
Step 3 The usages of Absolute Construction独立主格的用法：
独立主格结构在句中通常充当以下状语成分：
1、 伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
2、 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
Step 4 With + Absolute Construction
With+独立主格结构
1.作状语的独立主格结构：
有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。
With the problem settled, the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom, with the water running.
He rushed out with a knife in his hand.
此句可改写为：
He rushed out ,a knife in his hand.
或改为 He rushed out, knife in hand.
2.“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语。
Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it.
He lives in a village with a railway behind it.
Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.
Step 5 Summary 总结
I.独立主格结构的七种形式：
• 1.n/pron.+doing…

• 2.n/pron.+done…
• 3.n/pron.+to do…
• 4.n/pron.+adj.
• 5.n/pron.+adv.
• 6.n/pron.+ Prepositional phrase
• 7.n/pron +（being）+ n.
II.独立主格结构在句子中可以做伴随、时间、原因、条件状语。
• 请指出下列句中独立主格结构结构的用法。
• Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
• The condition being favourable, he may succeed.
• He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty.
• Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.
Step 6 Homework