显化思维在翻译实践中的重要性.doc

显化思维在翻译实践中的重要性

中文

“显化”（explicitation）的概念首先由Viany和Darbelnet提出。他们将其解释为“把原语文本中只是以隐含的方式存在但可以根据上下文推断出来的信息添加到目标语之中的过程。”（Klaudy, 2009: 104）由显化的角度来说，无论是原语文本还是目标语文本中，都是由显性意义和隐性意义构成的。因此，翻译的过程就不单单是对字面意思的翻译，更多是译者去揣摩原作者的写作意图。根据Klaudy对显化的分类，显化分为：强制性的，选择性的，语用的，还有翻译过程内在的显化。因为翻译过程内在的显化属于翻译的本质问题，所以在本文中不再讨论。本文比较了艾丽斯·沃克《紫色》的两个中译本。《紫色》是艾丽斯·沃克的代表作品。本书在1982年出版后，立刻引起轰动，成为畅销书，并在1983年一举拿下三个大奖：普利策奖，美国全国图书奖和全国书评家协会奖。她本人也在1983年随美国妇女作家代表团访问中国。在《紫色》中沃克也提到了中国人在美国遭受的虐待。“你再看看他们怎么处理那个把一对中国人打死的人。他们什么都不管。”（陶洁，1986：186）沃克不仅是一个黑人作家，更是一个妇女文学的作家。目前为止，她一共写了四部小说，两本论文集，4本诗集，还有2部短篇小说集。在她所有的作品中，她充分显示了自己对妇女问题的关注。女权主义运动在1960年代和1970年代风起云涌，全国妇女组织在1966年10月创立。在一开始该组织在争取妇女的平等权利方面起了重要作用，但是该组织却没有给予黑人和其他有色人种以应有的关注。该组织在成立之初内部就存在温和派和激进派。激进派认为妇女所有的痛苦都是来自于男性的压迫，要跟男性彻底划清界限。在此期间，艾丽斯·沃克也积极参加了争取权利的斗争，但她对女权的理论并不是完全赞同。在《寻找母亲的花园》一书中，沃克提出了“妇女主义”一词来区别“女权主义”。在她看来，男女两性不应该是二元对立的关系，而应该是一个和谐完整的关系。在小说《紫色》中，沃克虽然揭示了黑人男性对黑人妇女的压迫，痛斥了他们的残酷，但是小说的结尾却是一个圆满的结局。沃克在一次访谈节目中说：我关心的是黑人的精神解放和完整性的统一。论文在第一部分介绍了显化理论，主要分为四类：强制性显化，非强制性显化，语用显化和翻译过程内在的显化。第二部分介绍艾丽斯·沃克的妇女主义思想，并着重介绍该思想在《紫色》中的体现；沃克在本书中主要关注妇女的个人成长问题，姐妹情谊，还有两性关系。第三部分是两个中译本的对比：陶洁版和杨仁敬版，对比集中在译者序，译者的话语语气，还有译者对小说中人物的理解上。此外，为证明译者对源语文本和作者思想的理解会对其翻译产生重要影响，本文作者让了解沃克在《紫色》中的思想和完全不了解的人分别做了试译。第四部分提出了两个译本的不足之处和建议。本文通过对比艾丽斯·沃克《紫色》两个译本，说明在翻译过程中要想取得好的翻译效果，译者必须要将作品写作的时代背景，作家背景等关系作品的方方面面了然于心，才能更好的挖掘作家隐含的意义，才能架起沟通两种文化的桥梁，而体现在翻译作品中就是对其隐含意义的显化，对可能引起目标语读者疑惑、不解、误解的地方显性地呈现出来，以帮助读者更好地读懂文本。

译文

“Explicitation”was first put forward by Vinay and Darbelnet in 1958. They explained it as“a stylistic translation technique which consists of making explicit in the target language whatremains implicit in the source language because it is apparent from either the context or thesituation.”(Klaudy, 2009: 104) From the perspective of the explicitation, both the source textand target text are composed of explicit meaning and implicit meaning. Thus, the process oftranslation is not only the process of translating the word meaning but the deep meaning, that is ,the author’s intention. According to Klaudy (1998: 82), explicitation can be divided into fourcategories: obligatory, optional, pragmatic and translation-inherent explicitations. Since thetranslation-inherent explicitation is the nature of translation process, this thesis does not coverthis category.This thesis focuses on the two Chinese versions of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. Thisnovel is viewed as Alice Walker’s most important work and has brought her world fame. TheColor Purple (1982) won the Pulitzer Prize, American Book Award and National Book CriticsCircle Award in 1983. In 1985, Steven Spielberg shot a movie based on the novel. On December1st, 2005, the music drama under the name of The Color Purple was put on stage. And alsoWalker visited China with the American female delegation in 1983. In her novel The ColorPurple, she also mentioned Chinese people were mistreated in America,“And you see what theytrying to do with that man that beat the Chinese couple to death. Nothing whatsoever.”(Walker,1982:190) Walker is a black writer, but also a womanist writer. Until now she has writtenfour novels, two collections of papers, four poetry anthologies and two collections of shortstories. In all her works, she concerns women’s life and future.Feminist movement was tempestuous in the 1960s and 1970s. Several organizations werefounded, including National Organization for Women (NOW), National Women’s PoliticalCaucus (NWPC), and Women Equity Action League (WEAL). (Rosemarie, 2002:29) NationalOrganization for Women (NOW) was founded in October, 1966. It played a significant role inthe movement to strive for equal rights for women. However, at the beginning, NOW, theleading organization, did not give attention to the black and other colored people. Besides, fromthe very beginning, there were continuous conflicts in the organization between mold feministsand radical feminists. The radical sect maintains that all the sufferings that female take comefrom patriarchy oppression, thus they advocate lesbianism and take male as enemy. Alice Walkertook part in the movement actively, however, she didn’t agree with the feminist theory totally. Inher In Search of Mothers’Garden: Womanist Prose, she introduced the concept of womanism. InWalker’s eye, a womanist shouldn’t take the rigid conflicting mode of the binary opposition; instead, s/he should take achieving the wholeness and harmony of her people as his/her goal. InThe Color Purple, Alice Walker reveals the cruelty of black male, but she gives us a happyending: the male characters changed and the two sexes get along well from then on. We can getWalker’s political proposition and thematic concerns here:“I am preoccupied with the spiritualsurvival, the survival whole of my people.”(O’Breien, 1993:331)The first part of this thesis is the introduction of explicitation, which consists of fourcategories: obligatory, optional, pragmatic and translation-inherent explicitations.The second part focuses on Alice Walker’s womanist idea and its reflection in the novel TheColor Purple; in this novel, Alice Walker expresses her concerns mainly on personal growth,sisterhood and the relationship between two genders. And also some examples are taken tosupport the contention.The third part is the comparison of the two Chinese versions: Tao Jie’s and Yang Renjing’s.In this part, the comparison is done from the following aspects: the translator’s preliminaryremarks, tone, and their understanding of the characters in the novel.In the fourth part, several classmates of mine who are either familiar with Walker’swomanist thought in the novel or have no idea of her writing purpose were asked to do sometranslation work which demonstrates Walker’s womanist thought so as to illustrate my idea thatonly if a translator knows the work and the author well enough can s/he dig out the author’sinterior meaning and produce a better translation. Also, the deficiency of the two Chineseversions and relevant suggestions are put forward in this part.The comparison of two versions of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple shows that to gain agood translation work the translator has to get to know all sides of the original work includingwriting background and writer’s life experience and consistent writing theme. The translatorneeds to dig out the deep meaning of the work when it is necessary and explicate it to the targetlanguage readers so as to avoid doubt, uncertainty and misunderstanding.