1、 煤矿中学初三英语总复习 (一)名 词名词表示人或事物的名称,名词包括名词的数和名词的所有格。1. 名词的数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的变化规则:1)一般情况下在词尾加s, 如 desks, pencils2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, 如classes, boxes, matches, brushes3) 以辅音字母加y的名词,要把y改为i加es, 如countries, stories4) 以f, fe结尾的名词,要变f/fe 为v, 再加es,如shelfshelves, wifewives5) 以O结尾的名词一般加s
2、:zoos, radios, photos, 除了tomato, potato, hero加es, 6) 有些名词单复数形式相同:sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, people7) 有些是不规则变化:manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, toothteeth, Footfeet, mousemice(2) 不可数名词主要有:water, tea, milk, bread, rice, orange, paper, work, homework, housework, news, beer, weather, soup, salt,
3、information, advice, progress, chicken(鸡肉), fish(鱼肉) , pork, beef, mutton, food, porridge, tofu, pepper, butter, knowledge(3) 表示时间,距离、价格、度量等名词短语主语时,谓语动词仍然用单数。 Five minutes is enough to do this. Ten kilometers is a long way to her. (4) and 连接两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。 English and maths are both very
4、 important. 但是and连接的名词或词组表示同一个人,同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词就要用单数。 The singer and dancer is going to take part it our party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。2. 名词的格 当名词在句子中表示所属关系是用名词的所有格。通常有以下几种表达形式。1)s所有格:Toms mother, the boys shoes, Childrens Day, Jim and Jacks room, Marys and Lilys mothers 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格则加。如 the teachers off
5、ice2) of所有格:an old photo of my family, the owner of the dog3)表示时间、距离、城市、团体等所有格用s或来表示:todays homework, Chinas population, two hours walk 4)双重所有格:a classmate of Jims, a friend of my fathers, some friends of my brothers, a friend of mine3. 注:1)当一个名词说明后一个名词的性质、用途时,如apple tree, car factory但其复数形式:two appl
6、e trees, three car factories 2) 当man/woman 说明有一个名词的性别时,单饰单,复饰复,而boy/girl修饰名词则用单数:A man teacherfive men teachers a woman teacher- two women teachersboy friendboy friends表示两个名词共有一样东西时,或表示一个整体词组的所有关系时,只在第二个名词后面加s,如:Li Lei and Wang Feis bedroom, an hour and a halfs talk5、表示两个名词各有的东西时,或表示词组内并列名词各自的所有关系时,
7、就在各个名词后都加s。如:Jims and Peters desks; Joes and Davids books练习:( ) 1. There are many _ in the school. A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher( ) 2. I met two _ in the street yesterday morning.A. GermanB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Japanese( ) 3. -How many _ have you got on your farm? - Ive go
8、t five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ( ) 4. The football under the bed is_.A. Lilys and Lucys B. Lilys and Lucy C. Lily and Lucys( ) 5. Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes ( ) 6. Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of M
9、ary ( ) 7. -Which animal lives only in China? -The_.A. tiger B. monkey C. panda ( ) 8. There _ no water in the glass. A. is B. are C. has( ) 9. There _ a pen and two books on the desk. A. is B. are C. has( ) 10. -Could you move over a little and make some _ for me? A. place B. seat C. room ( ) 11. A
10、 _ is used for keeping warm. A. stamp B. jacket C. clock( ) 12. The market isnt far from here. It is only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours B. half an hour C. half an hours( ) 13. I am thirsty. Please give me _. A. two bottle of orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of oranges( ) 14. Its _ fr
11、om my home to school. A. twenty minutes walk B. twenty minutes walk C. twenty minute walk( ) 15. There are few _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and tomatoes. A. vegetables B. fruits C. meat ( ) 16. You should clean your _ every day. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths( ) 17. Mary paid $2
12、for _. A. two piece of breads B. two breads C. two pieces of bread( ) 18. They are those _ bags. Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors( ) 19. Miss Wang is a friend of _. A. Toms sisters B. Toms sister C. Tom sisters( ) 20. -Where do you usually see the sign BUISNESS HOURS? -
13、 On the door of a _. A. shop B. school C. hospital ( 二 )冠词(1)不定冠词a/an1、表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)A horse is an animal. 2、a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。a university,an hour,an honest boy 3、首次提到某物用不定代词。There is a pen on the desk. The pen is yellow. 4、用在序数词前,不表顺序,而用来表示“又一,再一”。I want to try a third time. (
14、2)定冠词 the1特指某个或某些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,或重复上文提过的人或事物。How do you like the film?I have got a picture. The picture is very nice. 2用于指世界上独一无二的事物。The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 3用于序数词,形容词的最高级前或“same/only/very+名词”前。He is the only person who knows the secret. 4用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。The
15、rich .The poor .The young. etc. We should take care of the old. 5用于江湖、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前面。the Yellow River, the Himalayas 6用于姓氏的复数之前,表示某某夫妇或某某全家人。做主语,谓复。The Smiths are watching TV. 7用于演奏的乐器之前 play the violin, play the guitar, play the drum, play the trumpetJohn played the piano very well. 8用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名
16、词之前。the Peoples Republic of China, the White house 9. 用在序数词前。 The first day of a week is Sunday. 10. 用在形容词或副词的最高级前:John is the tallest in his class. 11. 用在“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型中表示“越越”12. in the morning, in the afternoon, in the eveningThe more, the better. (3)不用冠词的情况1专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名
17、词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。March 8 is Womens Day. I was born in September. He goes to a movie on Sunday. 2球类,棋类,语言,三餐前不加冠词。 I could play football when I was eight years old. Jenny likes playing chess in her free time. They speak English in their country. Have breakfast/ lunch/ supper3名词前已有 my, your, 等代词作定语时,不用冠
18、词。 On my fourteenth birthday, I received a lot of presents. 4 交通工具与by连用时,不用冠词。 I usually go to school by bike. 5. 词组:go to school, at noon, at night, at first, at last, stay in bed练习:( ) 1. Every body knows that earth moves around sun.A. /,the B. the, the C. a, a D. the,/ ( ) 2. She went to school w
19、ithout breakfast. A. the, the, B. a, the, C. /, / ( ) 3. July 25th was hottest day in Shanghai in 1992.A. the, a, the B. a, the, the C./,the,/ D. the, the,/ ( ) 4. rich should help poor.A. The, the B./,/ C. A, a D. The, an ( )6 Greens are our good neighbors.A. / B. The C. A D. An ( )7 horse is usefu
20、l animal.A. A, an B. A, a C. The, an D. The, a ( )8Our National Day is first day of October.A. a B. an C./ D. the ( ) 9. -Where do you usually have lunch? -At home.A. a B. an C. the D./( ) 10. -Have you seen book? I left it here this morning.-Is it Chinese book? I saw it.A. a, the B. the, the C. the
21、, a D. a, a ( )11Theres “u” and “s” in word “use”.A. an, a, the B. a, an, C. a, a, a D. a, an, the ( ) 12. Look at _ woman over there. She is_ American scientist. A. the; an B. a; a C. a;/ D. a;a( ) 13. The boys and girls often play _ football in _ afternoon. A. /, an B. /, the C. the, the( ) 14. _
22、more careful you are, _ less mistakes you will make. A. the, the B. A, a C. The, a ( ) 15. It looks like rain. Why not take _ umbrella with you? A. an B. a C. /( ) 16. _ Great Wall is _ longest in the world. A. The, the B. The, a C. The , / ( ) 17. Theres apple in the table. _ apple is for my little
23、 brother. A. a, An B. an; An C. an; The( ) 18. _ Smiths are watching TV at home. A. The B. A C. / ( ) 19. There is _ “m” in the word “name”. A. the B. a C. an ( ) 20. OK, children. Stop playing _ piano and lets go to have_ lunch. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the ( ) 21. Usually he goes to school by _
24、 bike, but he went to school in a car today. A. the B. a C. an D. /( ) 22. 4 is _ unlucky number for somebody in China. A. an B. a C. /( ) 23. Tomorrow is _ Childrens Day. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 24. This Sunday is my _ sixteenth birthday. A. the B. a C. / ( ) 25. Taiwan is _ island, and it is _
25、largest island in China. A. an, the B. an, an C. a, the( ) 26. _ book in the desk is _ useful one. A. The, a B. The, an C. A, an, D. A, a( ) 27. We will build _ 800-metre-long bridge in our hometown. A. a B. an C. / (三)形容词1、形容词的作用 1)作定语,修饰名词或不定代词,修饰名词放在名词前面,修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。Eg: There is a large librar
26、y in the center of the city. There is something wrong with my bike. 2) 做表语,放在系动词之后。be,get, turn, become, feel, taste, smell, sound, look Eg: The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The songs he sings sound very good. 3) 做宾语补足语,放在宾语后面,与之构成符合宾语。 Eg: We must keep our classroom clean. 2、形容词在句子中的位置 修饰名词或不定代词,修
27、饰名词放在名词前面,修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。而如果是enough 修饰形容词时要放在形容词的后面。 Eg: I have something important to tell you. The problem is easy enough for her to work out. 3. 形容词的比较等级:(1)大多数形容词有原级,比较级,最高级。1)比较级,最高级的构成是在形容词后加-er, -est:Cleancleanercleanest, talltallertallest, coldcoldercoldest2) 如果以-e结尾,只加-r, -st: Finefinerfine
28、st, nicenicernicest, largelargerlargest3)重读闭音节,要双写辅音字母,再加-er, -estBigbiggerbiggest, thinthinnerthinnest, hothotterhottest4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的, 改y为i,再加-er, -est Busybusierbusiest, heavyheavierheaviest, 5) 双音节词和多音节词,其比较级和最高级要加more, most Difficultmore difficultmost difficult Interestingmore interestingmost in
29、teresting6) 不规则变化: Goodbetterbest badworseworst manymoremost Muchmoremost wellbetterbest littlelessleast Farfartherfarthest(2) 1、形容词比较级常用than来表示两者之间的比较: This book is more interesting than that one. Jim is thinner than Li Lei. Which do you like better, orange or apple?2、修饰比较级的词有:much, a little, a bit
30、, a lot, even, far, Eg: Yao Ming is much taller than Liu Yudong. Our library is even larger than theirs. 3、形容词的同级比较 用“as+原级+as”构成,其否定形式为“not as/so +原级+as” Eg: This book is as interesting as that one. This film is not as interesting as that one. 4、比较级+ and+比较级,表示“越来越” Our school is becoming more and
31、more beautiful. Our lives are getting better and better. 5、the +比较级,the +比较级 “越越” The busier we are, the happier we feel. 6、比较级+than any other+单数名词, 比任何一个都 Eg: Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. John is taller than any other boy in our class. 7、the+比较级+of the two. “两个中比较的” He
32、is the taller of the two boys. 8、one of +最高级+名词的复数 “最之一” Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 练习:( ) 1. Which is _ , the sun, the earth or the moon?A. biggerB. biggestC. the biggestD. big( ) 2. We had better do the work better with _ money and _ people.A. little, fewerB. little, fewC.
33、 less, fewerD. less, few( ) 3. Of the two children, the boy looks _ than that girl.A. the tallerB. the tallestC. a little tallD. taller( ) 4. _ you take _ healthy youll be.A. More exercise, moreB. Most exercise, mostC. The moe exercise, the more D. The most exercise, the most( ) 5. I dont know where
34、 Mr. White has gone. Youd better ask _.A. else somebody B somebody else C. anybody else( ) 6. There is _ with my computer. It doesnt work. A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong something( ) 7. If he is _, he will be at work tomorrow. A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
35、( ) 8. She is one of _ girls in the class. A. the most beautiful B. beautiful C. more beautiful ( ) 9. The world is becoming _ as the population is growing. A. crowded and crowded B. crowdeder and crowdeder C. more and more crowded( ) 10. The story is very _ and the students are all _ in it. A. inte
36、resting, interested B. interested, interesting C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting( ) 11. Kate is not as _ as Jim. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 12. Which book is _, this one or that one? A. more interesting B. the most interesting C. interesting( ) 13. The little
37、boy is getting _. A. tall and tall B. taller and taller C. longer and longer( ) 14. English is one of the _at school. A. most difficult subjects B. most difficult subject C. more difficult subjects D. more difficult sumject( ) 15. The father looked _ at the boy, but he did not hit him. A. angry B. h
38、appy C. angrily D. happily( ) 16. The present you gave me looked very _. A. nice B. nicely C. terribly ( ) 17. E-mail is much _ than long-distance calling. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest( ) 18. Who is _ of you three? A. the oldest B. oldest C. older( ) 19. She is _ of the two girls. A. the tall
39、er B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 20. The mixture tasted _. A. terribly B. terrible C. well D. badly ( ) 21. Joan is just _as Lucy. A. so careful B. as careful C. more careful ( ) 22. Their football players are _ stronger. A. much B. very C. too D. many( ) 23. The news made the ole woman _.
40、A. happily B. happy C. sadly ( ) 24. We should keep our city _. A. clean B. cleanly C. nicely ( ) 25. Tom is taller than _ in his class. A. any other boys B. any other boy C. any boys (四) 副词1、副词的种类1)时间副词: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, already, yet, since, at once, at first, now, ri
41、ght now, yesterday, ago , before, just now, etc, 2)地点副词:here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, above, below, near, everywhere, anywhere, up, down, off, away, inside, outside, etc,3)疑问副词:how, when, where, why4)方式副词:carefully, angrily, happily, slowly, late, hard2、副词的作用1)修饰动词,一般放在动词后面 The little girl walked into the room quietly. We should do our homework carefully. 2) 修饰形容词 The f
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