初三年英语总复习系列.doc

煤矿中学初三英语总复习
（一）名 词
名词表示人或事物的名称，名词包括名词的数和名词的所有格。
1. 名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
（1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。
名词复数的变化规则：
1）一般情况下在词尾加s, 如 desks, pencils
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, 如classes, boxes, matches, brushes
3) 以辅音字母加y的名词，要把y改为i加es, 如countries, stories
4) 以f, fe结尾的名词，要变f/fe 为v, 再加es，如shelf—shelves, wife—wives
5) 以O结尾的名词一般加s：zoos, radios, photos, 除了tomato, potato, hero加es,
6) 有些名词单复数形式相同：sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, people
7) 有些是不规则变化：man—men, woman—women, child—children, tooth—teeth,
Foot—feet, mouse—mice
(2) 不可数名词主要有：water, tea, milk, bread, rice, orange, paper, work, homework, housework, news, beer, weather, soup, salt, information, advice, progress, chicken(鸡肉), fish(鱼肉) , pork, beef, mutton, food, porridge, tofu, pepper, butter, knowledge
(3) 表示时间，距离、价格、度量等名词短语主语时，谓语动词仍然用单数。
Five minutes is enough to do this.
Ten kilometers is a long way to her.
(4) and 连接两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
English and maths are both very important.
但是and连接的名词或词组表示同一个人，同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词就要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to take part it our party.
那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。
2. 名词的格
当名词在句子中表示所属关系是用名词的所有格。通常有以下几种表达形式。
1）’s所有格：Tom’s mother, the boy’s shoes, Children’s Day, Jim and Jack’s room, Mary’s and Lily’s mothers
以s结尾的复数名词的所有格则加’。如 the teachers’ office
2) of所有格：an old photo of my family, the owner of the dog
3)表示时间、距离、城市、团体等所有格用‘s或’来表示：today’s homework, China’s population, two hours’ walk
4）双重所有格：a classmate of Jim’s, a friend of my father’s, some friends of my brother’s, a friend of mine
3. 注：1）当一个名词说明后一个名词的性质、用途时，如apple tree, car factory但其复数形式：two apple trees, three car factories
2) 当man/woman 说明有一个名词的性别时，单饰单，复饰复，而boy/girl修饰名词则用单数：
A man teacher—five men teachers a woman teacher--- two women teachers
boy friend—boy friends
表示两个名词共有一样东西时，或表示一个整体词组的所有关系时，只在第二个名词后面加's,如：Li Lei and Wang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk
5、表示两个名词各有的东西时，或表示词组内并列名词各自的所有关系时，就在各个名词后都加's。如：Jim's and Peter's desks; Joe's and David's books

练习：( ) 1. There are many _____ in the school.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher
( ) 2. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.
A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese
( ) 3. ----How many ____ have you got on your farm? --- I've got five.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
( ) 4. The football under the bed is____.
A. Lily's and Lucy's B. Lily's and Lucy C. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 5. It's about ___ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's
( ) 6. Miss Smith is a friend of____.
A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. mother's of Mary
( ) 7. ----Which animal lives only in China? ---The____.
A. tiger B. monkey C. panda
( ) 8. There _____ no water in the glass.
A. is B. are C. has
( ) 9. There ______ a pen and two books on the desk.
A. is B. are C. has
( ) 10. ---Could you move over a little and make some _____ for me?
A. place B. seat C. room
( ) 11. A ______ is used for keeping warm.
A. stamp B. jacket C. clock
( ) 12. The market isn’t far from here. It is only ______ bicycle ride
A. half an hour’s B. half an hour C. half an hours’
( ) 13. I am thirsty. Please give me _________.
A. two bottle of orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of oranges
( ) 14. It’s ______ from my home to school.
A. twenty minutes’ walk B. twenty minutes walk C. twenty minute walk
( ) 15. There are few _____ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and tomatoes.
A. vegetables B. fruits C. meat
( ) 16. You should clean your _____ every day.
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths
( ) 17. Mary paid $2 for _______.
A. two piece of breads B. two breads C. two pieces of bread
( ) 18. They are those ________ bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitor’s C. visitors’
( ) 19. Miss Wang is a friend of _______.
A. Tom’s sister’s B. Tom’s sister C. Tom sister’s
) 20. ---Where do you usually see the sign BUISNESS HOURS?
--- On the door of a _______.
A. shop B. school C. hospital

( 二 )冠词

（1）不定冠词a/an
1、表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)
A horse is an animal. 
2、a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。
a university，an hour，an honest boy 
3、首次提到某物用不定代词。There is a pen on the desk. The pen is yellow.
4、用在序数词前，不表顺序，而用来表示“又一，再一”。I want to try a third time.
（2）定冠词 the
1．特指某个或某些人或事物，或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物，或重复上文提过的人或事物。
How do you like the film?
I have got a picture. The picture is very nice. 
2．用于指世界上独一无二的事物。
The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 
3．用于序数词，形容词的最高级前或“same/only/very+名词”前。
He is the only person who knows the secret. 
4．用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。
The rich .The poor .The young. etc.
We should take care of the old. 
5．用于江湖、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前面。
the Yellow River, the Himalayas 
6．用于姓氏的复数之前，表示某某夫妇或某某全家人。做主语，谓复。
The Smiths are watching TV. 
7．用于演奏的乐器之前
 play the violin, play the guitar, play the drum, play the trumpet
John played the piano very well. 
8．用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
the People's Republic of China, the White house
9. 用在序数词前。 The first day of a week is Sunday.
10. 用在形容词或副词的最高级前：John is the tallest in his class.
11. 用在“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型中表示“越…越…”
12. in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
The more, the better. 
（3）不用冠词的情况
1．专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。
March 8 is Women’s Day.
I was born in September.
He goes to a movie on Sunday. 
2．球类，棋类，语言，三餐前不加冠词。
I could play football when I was eight years old.
Jenny likes playing chess in her free time.
They speak English in their country.
Have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
3．名词前已有 my, your, 等代词作定语时，不用冠词。
On my fourteenth birthday, I received a lot of presents.
4． 交通工具与by连用时，不用冠词。
I usually go to school by bike.
5. 词组：go to school, at noon, at night, at first, at last, stay in bed
练习：
( ) 1. Every body knows that earth moves around sun.
A. /,the B. the, the C. a, a D. the,/ 
( ) 2. She went to school without breakfast.
A. the, the, B. a, the, C. /, /
( ) 3. July 25th was hottest day in Shanghai in 1992.
A. the, a, the B. a, the, the C./,the,/ D. the, the,/
( ) 4. rich should help poor.
A. The, the B./,/ C. A, a D. The, an 
( )6． Greens are our good neighbors.
A. / B. The C. A D. An 
( )7． horse is useful animal.
A. A, an B. A, a C. The, an D. The, a 
( )8．Our National Day is first day of October.
A. a B. an C./ D. the 
( ) 9. ----Where do you usually have lunch? ----At home.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( ) 10. ----Have you seen book? I left it here this morning.
----Is it Chinese book? I saw it.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the a D. a, a 
( )11．There's “u” and “s” in word “use”.
A. an, a, the B. a, an,× C. a, a, a D. a, an, the
( ) 12. Look at _____ woman over there. She is_____ American scientist.
A. the; an B. a; a C. a;/ D. a;a
( ) 13. The boys and girls often play ______ football in ____ afternoon.
A. /, an B. /, the C. the, the
( ) 14. _____ more careful you are, ___ less mistakes you will make.
A. the, the B. A, a C. The, a
( ) 15. It looks like rain. Why not take ____ umbrella with you?
A. an B. a C. /
( ) 16. ____ Great Wall is ____ longest in the world.
A. The, the B. The, a C. The , /
( ) 17. There’s apple in the table. _____ apple is for my little brother.
A. a, An B. an; An C. an; The
( ) 18. ______ Smiths are watching TV at home.
A. The B. A C. /
( ) 19. There is _____ “m” in the word “name”.
A. the B. a C. an
( ) 20. OK, children. Stop playing _____ piano and let’s go to have___ lunch.
A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the
( ) 21. Usually he goes to school by ___ bike, but he went to school in a car today.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
( ) 22. 4 is ____ unlucky number for somebody in China.
A. an B. a C. /
( ) 23. Tomorrow is _______ Children’s Day.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 24. This Sunday is my sixteenth birthday.
A. the B. a C. /
( ) 25. Taiwan is ____ island, and it is ____ largest island in China.
A. an, the B. an, an C. a, the
( ) 26. ____ book in the desk is _____ useful one.
A. The, a B. The, an C. A, an, D. A, a
( ) 27. We will build ____ 800-metre-long bridge in our hometown.
A. a B. an C. /

(三)形容词
1、形容词的作用
1）作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，修饰名词放在名词前面，修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。
Eg: There is a large library in the center of the city.
There is something wrong with my bike.
2) 做表语，放在系动词之后。be,get, turn, become, feel, taste, smell, sound, look
Eg: The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
The songs he sings sound very good.
3) 做宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，与之构成符合宾语。
Eg: We must keep our classroom clean.
2、形容词在句子中的位置
修饰名词或不定代词，修饰名词放在名词前面，修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。而如果是enough 修饰形容词时要放在形容词的后面。
Eg: I have something important to tell you.
The problem is easy enough for her to work out.
3. 形容词的比较等级：
（1）大多数形容词有原级，比较级，最高级。
1）比较级，最高级的构成是在形容词后加-er, -est：
Clean—cleaner—cleanest, tall—taller—tallest, cold—colder—coldest
2) 如果以-e结尾，只加-r, -st：
Fine—finer—finest, nice—nicer—nicest, large—larger—largest
3)重读闭音节，要双写辅音字母，再加-er, -est
Big—bigger—biggest, thin—thinner—thinnest, hot—hotter—hottest
4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的， 改y为i，再加-er, -est
Busy—busier—busiest, heavy—heavier—heaviest,
5) 双音节词和多音节词，其比较级和最高级要加more, most
Difficult—more difficult—most difficult
Interesting—more interesting—most interesting
6) 不规则变化：
Good—better—best bad—worse—worst many—more—most
Much—more—most well—better—best little—less—least
Far—farther—farthest
(2)
1、形容词比较级常用than来表示两者之间的比较：
This book is more interesting than that one.
Jim is thinner than Li Lei.
Which do you like better, orange or apple?
2、修饰比较级的词有：much, a little, a bit, a lot, even, far,
Eg: Yao Ming is much taller than Liu Yudong.
Our library is even larger than theirs.
3、形容词的同级比较
用“as+原级+as”构成，其否定形式为“not as/so +原级+as”
Eg: This book is as interesting as that one.
This film is not as interesting as that one.
4、比较级+ and+比较级，表示“越来越…”
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
Our lives are getting better and better.
5、the +比较级，the +比较级 “越…越…”
The busier we are, the happier we feel.
6、比较级+than any other+单数名词， 比任何一个都……
Eg: Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
John is taller than any other boy in our class.
7、the+比较级+of the two…. “两个中比较…的”
He is the taller of the two boys.
8、one of +最高级+名词的复数 “最……之一”
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.

练习：
( ) 1. Which is _ , the sun, the earth or the moon?
A. bigger B. biggest C. the biggest D. big
( ) 2. We had better do the work better with _____ money and _____ people.
A. little, fewer B. little, few C. less, fewer D. less, few
( ) 3. Of the two children, the boy looks _____ than that girl.
A. the taller B. the tallest C. a little tall D. taller
( ) 4. _____ you take _____ healthy you’ll be.
A. More exercise, more B. Most exercise, most
C. The moe exercise, the more D. The most exercise, the most
( ) 5. I don’t know where Mr. White has gone. You’d better ask ____.
　 A. else somebody B somebody else C. anybody else
( ) 6. There is ____ with my computer. It doesn’t work.
A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong something
( ) 7. If he is ______, he will be at work tomorrow.
A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
( ) 8. She is one of _______ girls in the class.
A. the most beautiful B. beautiful C. more beautiful
( ) 9. The world is becoming _______ as the population is growing.
A. crowded and crowded B. crowdeder and crowdeder
C. more and more crowded
( ) 10. The story is very ______ and the students are all _____ in it.
A. interesting, interested B. interested, interesting
C. interested, interested D. interesting, interesting
( ) 11. Kate is not as _______ as Jim.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( ) 12. Which book is ________, this one or that one?
A. more interesting B. the most interesting C. interesting
( ) 13. The little boy is getting ___________.
A. tall and tall B. taller and taller C. longer and longer
( ) 14. English is one of the ______at school.
A. most difficult subjects B. most difficult subject
C. more difficult subjects D. more difficult sumject
( ) 15. The father looked _____ at the boy, but he did not hit him.
A. angry B. happy C. angrily D. happily
( ) 16. The present you gave me looked very ________.
A. nice B. nicely C. terribly
( ) 17. E-mail is much _______ than long-distance calling.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest
( ) 18. Who is ______ of you three?
A. the oldest B. oldest C. older
( ) 19. She is _______ of the two girls.
A. the taller B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( ) 20. The mixture tasted _______.
A. terribly B. terrible C. well D. badly
( ) 21. Joan is just ______as Lucy.
A. so careful B. as careful C. more careful
( ) 22. Their football players are _______ stronger.
A much B. very C. too D. many
( ) 23. The news made the ole woman ________.
A. happily B. happy C. sadly
( ) 24. We should keep our city ________.
A. clean B. cleanly C. nicely
( ) 25. Tom is taller than ________ in his class.
A. any other boys B. any other boy C. any boys

(四) 副词
1、副词的种类
1）时间副词: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, already, yet, since, at once, at first, now, right now, yesterday, ago , before, just now, etc,
2)地点副词：here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, above, below, near, everywhere, anywhere, up, down, off, away, inside, outside, etc,
3)疑问副词：how, when, where, why
4)方式副词：carefully, angrily, happily, slowly, late, hard
2、副词的作用
1）修饰动词，一般放在动词后面
The little girl walked into the room quietly.
We should do our homework carefully.
2) 修饰形容词
The f