阅读填空题：归纳概括.doc

阅读填空题：归纳概括
1. 归纳概括题答题时多用名词或动名词形式。
2. 归纳概括题包括 标题归纳 和 段落主题归纳 (第一横行/ 第一竖行)。
3. 方法：
1). 识记常用的归纳概括词。(见后页)
2). 根据主题句中的关键词确定。
文章的主题句多出现在以下三个位置：文章首句；文章末句；第一段末或第二段首转折后的信息。
段落的主题句多出现在该段首句或末句，有时在段中，也有些时候需自己归纳。
3). 根据文章中的信息词句判定。
Eg.
how…….-----ways, methods, tips, solutions.
why, because, because of, due to, result in, lead to-----reasons (for…), causes (of…)
in short, in conclusion, in a word, as a whole, all in all-----conclusion, summary
refer to, called, named, that is, means, be, -----definition
therefore, thus, so, as a result-----result, conclusion
beneficial, good, do good to-----benefits, advantages
damage, destroy, harm, make…worse, ----- disadvantages
should do, had better do, why not, try to do, do…, ---- suggestions, tips, advice
in order to, to do, so as to, so that, in order that, aimed at,---purpose, aim, intention
4). 根据文章及表格内容理解推断。

Guided training：
Part A.
1. An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. -------------- _________________
2. One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. -------------- _________________
3. Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off(下岗) if business for the employers is slow. -------------- _________________
4. Then, how to solve the problem? -------------- __________________
5. The “graying” of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U. S. are living longer…. It is also largely due to the old-growing of the “baby boomers”, the generation born after World War II. In 1957, over 4.3 million babies were born. -------------- _______________
6. The “graying” of the U.S. will greatly affect the nation’s family and workforce.
-------------- ___________________
7. In simple words, hibernation is a state of deep sleep. -------------- __________________
8. Winter is the time when food is less and weather rough…. As a result of all these, animals have to reduce their food demand by reducing energy requirements. -------------- ________________
9. Why are old people happier? Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their goals, only setting one that they know they can achieve. -------------- ________________
10. Why don’t you try to find out as much information about the company as possible. You should also arrive in plenty of time so that you can give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins. -------------- ________________

Part B (2007 Hunan)
Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something to worry about.
Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single and young, have less time available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. One the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.
Title: 71.
Theme
Host families are improving the accommodation quality

72. _____________
(1）Language study
73. Possibly becoming faster
(2）Cultural communication
(1)74. Communicating with hosts
(2) Knowing the local way of life, people and culture
3）75. Cost of living
Being least expensive sometimes
76.
(1）Loss of selling point
Hosts’ having less time for students
(2）77. Rise in expectation
Students’ becoming more demanding
78.
Service quality improvement
(1) 79. Bettering living conditions
(2) Organizing structured family activities
80.
Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with students.

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