情态动词讲练提高.doc

高一英语提高
情态动词
一、Definition:表示说话人对某一行为的态度和观点。
二、常见的情态动词的用法
1. can, could, be able to
1) Man cannot live without water.
We shall be able to finish the work next week.
2) A: Could I watch the Olympics ?
B: Yes, you can.\ No, you can’t.
3) How can he be so rude like this?
在疑问句中用can表示惊讶，怀疑，不相信的语气
4) 推测（ 用于______句，______问）certainty
You can’t\couldn’t be tired- you’ve only been working for an hour.（2005年全国２）
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can\could it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?　　(2001’上海春季）
5) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the world Wide Wait because it can be very slow.（2005渐江）
6)We can’t have too many friends.
2.may/might
1）表示__________ might比may 更______
A: May I have a look at your photo?
B: Yes, you may (can). No, you mustn’t\ can’t.
No, you’d better not.
2).certainty推测（用于______句和______句）
－Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
－Sorry, I am not sure. But it might be.
－Is John coming by train?（2002)
－He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.
He may not have finished the work.(__________）
He can’t have left without saying goodbye to them for he always had good manners.(______）
may/might as well do sth. ______________________
Now that no one wants to eat the food, you _______ as well throw it into the dustbin.
3. must
1). permission
-Must I clean all the rooms?
-Yes, you must. -No, you needn’t\ No, you don’t have to.
mustn’t _________；__________
You mustn’t speak like that to your mother.
You mustn’t miss the good chance.
2).must, have to

3）must 在疑问句中还表示“硬要，偏要，一定要”
John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?
3) 推测 (只用于_______句）
You must be hungry after the long walk.
The classmates must have cleaned the classroom because it is very clean.
The boys must be playing football on the playground.
He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot.
Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.
● must have done 的反意疑问句
• You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
• You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?
• His parents must have beaten him, haven’t they?
• His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didn’t they?

Practice:
1.Mary __ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago．
A．mustn't B．can't C．shouldn't D．may not
2.Peter ＿＿＿＿ come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet．
A． must B． may C． can D． will
3.-Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖
-I’m not sure． I ＿＿ go to the concert instead．
A． must B． would C． should D． might
4.It _______ last night，for the ground was wet this morning．
A．must have rained B．may have rained C．must rain D．might rain
5. Jenny must have won the match,________?
A. hasn't she B. doesn't she C. mustn't she D. can't she
6. The river is rising. It ________last night.
A.must be raining 　B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained
7. —Why! I couldn't get you on the phone this morning.
—We ________tennis in the yard when you phoned.
A. must be playing B. could be playing C. must have played D. must have been playing
8. You must have seen the film last night, ________ you?
A. haven’t B. mustn't C. didn't D. hadn't
9. Mr. Zhou must be working in the office, ________he?
A. mustn't B. can't C. doesn't D. isn't
10. —There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
—It ____a comfortable journey
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
4. should/ought to
1).give advice
You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.
The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.
I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I should report it to the police.?
2). Certainty(推测）常译成：____________________
They should be there by now, I think.
3)虚拟语气中的用法

5. shall
1). permission常用于第___________人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见
Shall we/I /He/She/They do some exercise this morning?
A: Shall he come in? B: Ok.
2). 用于________人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令,警告，允诺，威胁
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
He shall have the book when I finish reading.
He shall be punished.(威胁）
-Excuse me ,but I want to use your computer to type a report.
-You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.(2005湖南）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
3) 一些条约、规章制度中的规定，必须做或不能做的事。
The students shan’t go out after 12.
6.will/would
1) .决心(可译为决心(不),一定要)
I will make this radio work even if I have to stay up all night.
I won’t have anything said against her.
I promised I would do my best
2). 习惯（可译为总是，老是）
He will sit for hours reading.
He will talk for hours if you give him the chance．
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
3). 表示意愿（人愿意, 肯，会）倾向(物能力）
If you will allow me ,I will see you home.
He wouldn’t let the doctor take his blood pressure.
---Look, the lights are burning. ---- Oh yes, I will go and turn them off.
The car won’t start.
7. need/dare
●可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare
作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式．
情态动词时：
---Need I help you? ---Yes, please.
You needn’t telephone him now.
How dare you talk to the teacher like that?
The girl dare not go out alone at night.
用作实义动词时
We need to tell him the news.
You don’t need to tell him the news.
Do the flowers need watering?
I didn’t dare to tell you the truth.
Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand?
The boy dares to do anything he likes.
判断下列句子的正确与否：
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?
He daren’t to speak English before such a crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.
These dishes needed be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.
●否定的情态动词的用法:
mustn’t _________
needn’t _________ ( = don’t have to =don’t need to do)
can’t ________; ________
may not 不可以; _________
shouldn’t _________ ( = ought not to )
shan’t _______
daren’t 不敢
●used to 和would的区别
1.都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）
2.不能用would的情况
1). She isn’t what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。
（表示对比，不可用would）
2). There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。
表示过去的状态，只能用 ________，不可用would。
●情态动词+ have done的用法
1“should／ought to have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；
“shouldn’t／oughtn’t to have done”表示 “_______________________________”。
2. could have done ______________________ (用于______句中时)
couldn’t have done ________________________________
3. may/might have done ___________________ may/might not have done 也许没做过某事
4. must have done ______________
5. needn’t have done 表示 “_______________________________”
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
He couldn’t have been to that town.
He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
You ought to have helped him.
Practice
1. I’m afraid Mr. Harding_____ see you now. He’s busy. (2010全国卷Ⅰ, 29)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
2.---- Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
---- Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters. (2010北京，23)
A. might B. must C. would D. can
3. You ______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. (2010湖南，23)
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
4. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?(2010江西，23)
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will
5. I got up early, but I _____ so because I had no work to do that morning.
A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
6. A left-luggage office is a place where bags___ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(2003’)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
7.－I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.
－___ I have a look? －Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
8. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. Can D. must
9. You _____ be hungry already ---- you had lunch only two hours ago.
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. Mustn’t D. needn’t
10. I ______ have gone to the concernt because because I know nothing about that kind of music.
A.couldn’t B. mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.oughtn’t
11.---Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is ?
--- She ______ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been
12.You _____ park here! It’s an emergency exit.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
13.---- Can I pay the bill by check?
---- Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.
A. shall B. need C.will D. can
14.-I don’t mind telling you what I know.
---You___. I’m not asking you for it. (2004江苏)
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
15.– Write to me when you get home.
--_____.（２００１春季）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
16. —Is Jack on duty today? —It   ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.（2006四川）
    A. mustn’t  B. won’t  C. can’t  D. needn’t
17. I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
18.When the foreign guest arrived, I found him speaking good Chinese, I _____ his speech into Chinese the night before.
A. needn’t translate B. didn’t need to translate
C. needn’t have translate D. didn’t need translating
19. —May I smoke here ? — If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.（2006山东）
A. should   B. could   C. may   D. must
20. There is someone knocking at the door.         it be Tom?
  A. can  B. must  C. should  D. ought to
21.Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often ____work at inconvenient hours.（2006湖南）
A. can; have to  B. may; can      C. have to; may     D. ought to; must
22. —May I speak to the patient now?
—No, you _____. He is too weak now. A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. oughtn’t
23. They ___ to walk in the street at night.
A. didn’t dare B. not dared C. dare not D. dared not
24. I ______ play football than basketball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
25. Mother ______ us stories when we were young .
A. used to tell B. used to telling C. was used to tell D. is used to telling
26. Mr. Brown, some students want to see you. ______ they wait here or outside.
A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. Are
27. You_____ throw waste everywhere, or you ______ be punished for that.
A. needn’t, can’t B. mustn’t, may C. shouldn’t, need D. daren’t, can
28.Your aunt can’t be asleep at this time now, ______?
A. is she B. isn’t she C. does she D. can you
29. I was really anxious about you. You ___home without a word.(2001)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
30. — I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
— You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（2006江苏）
A. will  B. may  C. have to  D. should