英语选修ⅷ人教新课标同步知识点学练考--名词性从句的特殊用法.docx

名词性从句的特殊用法
【教法探析】
一、定义
名词往往在句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语。在复合句中，代替名词充 当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。
二、分类
名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
三、概述
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类：
1. 连词：that (无任何词意，不做成分，只起连接作用，宾语从句中常可省 略)
(1) My hope is that she will soon be well again.(表语从句)我 的希望是她能很快康复。
(2) Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(宾语从句) 大家都希望她能很快康复。
(3) That she will soon be well again is our hope.(主语从句)她 能很快康复是我们的希望。
2. whether, if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性，不做成分)
(1) Whether he is coining or not doesn' t matter too much.(主语 从句，不能用if)
(2) I went in and asked if/whether they had a cheap suit.
(3) I wonder whether/if he will come in such bad weather.
3. 连接代词：what, whatever, which, whichever,(在从句中做主语， 宾语，表语，指物)
(1) he need is more time.
显然，主语从句：he是主语，谓培动词need缺宾语，因此应填what.
(2 ) Tell us you saw and heard during your visit to that university.
I want.
(3) This is not
(4) some people are against is other people are for.
(5) The question is which team will win.
(6) I have two apples; I don, t know which you want.
归纳：what —般用于不知道内容或范围的句子；which “哪一个……”一般 用于给出内容或范围的句子。可做主语，宾语，表语，还可作定语。
4. who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose (在从句中作主语，宾语，表语， 定语，指人)
(1) Who will give us a lecture is unknown. 2) The question is who will come here.
5. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever (在 从句中作状语)
(1) I have no idea how he learned about it.
(2) Where she has gone is not known yet.
(3) When he will start is not known yet. 4) This is why he is late. 注意：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分
【学法引导】
一、主语从句
1. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放 于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用 句型如下：
(l) It + be + 名词 + that 从句
① It' s a pity that we can' t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
② It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语正在被人们接受为国际语言，这是事实。
(3)It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets al 1 day.
难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。
(2) It + be +形容词+ that从句
① It is certain that she wi 11 do wel 1 in the exam.毫无疑问她考试 成绩会很好。
② It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉 她了。
(3) Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture.下周那位科 学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
(3) It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句
① It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已 经到了北京。
② It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国乂成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。
(4) It +不及物动词+ that从句
① It seems that Al ice is not coming to the party at all.爱丽丝似 乎不来参加晚会。
② It happened that I was out that day.碰巧那天我外出了。
(5) 其他情况
① It doesn, t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来无关紧 要。
② It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪 里开会毫无区别。
③ It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想到，她忘记锁门了。
2. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语 动词要用虚拟语气"(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
(1) It is necessary (important, natural, strange, funny, surprising etc. ) that …
It is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
我们要维持生态平衡，这很重要而且是必不可少的。
(2) It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. ) that…
It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.真遗憾你 竟然失去这么好的机会。
(3) It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc. ) that… It' s suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.
有人建议我们再做一次实验。
二、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+ that从句。
1. 表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear, remain 等。
(1) The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们己经输了这 场比赛。
(2) That' s just what I want.那正是我想要的。
(3) The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是 他们能否帮我们。
【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表 语从句。
(4) This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。
(5) That is why he didn' t come to the meeting.那就是他不到会的 原因。
2. as if/as though也可以用在连系动词后，引导表语从句。
(1) It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
(2) At that time, it seems as if I couldn, t think of the right word anyhow.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
3. 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
because, why引导的表语从句
(1) That' s because he didn' t understand me.
那是因为他没有理解我。(That' s because...强调原因)
(2) That' s why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That' s why...强调结果)
3. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+ 动词原形"表示,should可以省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等。
(1) My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的 建议是我们明天一早就出发。
(2) His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.
他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。
三、同位语从句
1. 同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明其前面的名词的具 体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副 词引导。
可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、 information^ message、 news、 order、 problem> promise、 question、 request、 suggestions truth> wish、word 等。例如：
(1) The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的 消息令人激动。
(2) The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。
(3) I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时 候回家。
2. 当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使 同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
(1) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。
(2) Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school himself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。
(3) 使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
3. 在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语 动词需用"should+动词原形”表示，should W以省略。
(1) This is our request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的要求。
(2) He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.他建议 我们坐火车去。
(3) 有时可用 namely, that is to say, in other words, that is, i. e. (=that is) , for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。
① He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。
② There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.
要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法，那就是多练。
4. 对比与用法
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
(1) that引导定语从句时，为关系代词，代指先行词，有实际意义，在 句子中充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；定语从句对名词加以限制。
(2) that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句 子成分，一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。
试比较下面两个例句：
T had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句，不能省略) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)【模拟练习】
()1. troubles me isI can, t learn all these English idiomsby heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C, That, what D. What, that
()2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.
A. whyB. where C. whatD. how
()3. There is no doubt my friend was not important to themall.
A. thatB. whether C. ifD. why
()4. is known to us all, William had broken his wordhewould give Tom a rise.
A. As; that B. It; what C. It; that D. As; which
1-4 D B A A【真题再现】
1. (2020 上海卷)There is much truth in the ideakindnessis usually served by frankness.
A. whyB. whichC. thatD.
whether
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句，that 一到同位语作ides的同位语。句意：通常 来说，仁慈才有坦率，这样的理念中含有诸多的真理。
2. (2020 江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. how

【答案】B
【解析】句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是 解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that 引导。
【举一反三】同位培从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。 如：
The king' s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
国王做出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2. 同位培在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾 语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中 任何成分。
2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述 它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句， that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，lhat在句中不作任何成分）
3. （2020 山东卷）Itdoesn' t matteryou pay by cash or creditcard in this store.
A. how B. whether C. whatD. why
【答案】B
【命题透视】名词性从句。考查基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题的能力。
【试题解析】前面的it是形式主语，后面的whether...是真正的主语，句 意为：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以.whether引导主语从句，意为 “是否”，其他选项都不符合句意。