欧洲文化入门复习资料1.doc

1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.
D. Epicureans
2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."
A. Archimedes
3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________
D. 476
4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.
B. Augustine
5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.
D. Leonardo Da Vinci
6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.
A. Don Quixote
7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.
D. Utopia
8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.
A. Machiavelli
9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.
D. Copernicus
10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.
D. 17 th
11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."
B. Francis Bacon
12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material----theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.
A. Goethe
13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
D. Balzac
14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.
A. the power of reason
15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.

D. Shelley
16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.
A. Tchaikovsky
17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________.
D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"
18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
C. Crime and Punishment
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.
C. the idyllic way of life
20. Modernism was characterized by ________.
A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions

B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relations
C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless
D. all of the above.
1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.
B. 5th century B. C.
2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is _________.
B. the Colossseum
3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about _________.
A. God C. the Laws of God D. A and C
4. Which of the following statements is true?
C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.
5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________.
B. land holding
6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?
B. The Gothic style started in France.
7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.
A. ancient Greek culture B. ancient Roman culture D. A and B
8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________.
A. wars and class conflicts
B. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world and routes to India
C. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and publication
D. all of the above
9. Which of the following died a prisoner?
D. Galileo
10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.
A. Thomas Hobbes C. John Locke D. A and C
11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.
C. the policy of laissezfaire
12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is _________.
A. Goethe
13. The Lakers refer to _________.
A. Wordsworth and Coleridge
14. The later Romantics in music refer to _________.
B. Verdi and Wagner
15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________.
D. surplus value is the source of the wealth of the capitalist class
16. The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution is _________.
B. natural selection
17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by _________.
D. Chekhov
18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?
C. Vanity Fair
19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is _________.
D. D.H. Lawrence
20. One of the chief representatives of the Theatre of the Absurd is _________.
D. Samuel Beckett
1. Socrates was _________.
C. the teacher of Plato
2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.
D. the Roman law
3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.
A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian rule
4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.
A. Hebrew
5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?
C. Protection of the people.
6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.
C. to regain the Holy land --- Palestine
7. The essence of Renaissance philosophy was _________.
A. the emphasis on the greatness of man
8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his observation in notebooks running up to _________ volumes.
B. 5, 000
9. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.
B. Francis Bacon
10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.
A. I think therefore I am
11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.
C. John Locke and Isaac Newton
12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousseau?
B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man. （Rousseau　卢梭）
13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________.
D. in the late 18th century and early 19th century
14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________.
C. Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables
15. The man who applied Darwin’s evolution to society was_________.
D. Herbert Spencer
16. According to Marx，the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________.
A. he proclaimed materialism
17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________.
A. van Gogh
18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy?
D. A Tale of Two Cities.
19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet.
D. Irish
20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by _________.
C. James Joyce
1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.
2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.
3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.
A. a religious book B. Literature C. record of great minds D. all of the above
4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.
C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization
5. The Crusades were wars between __________.
C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.
A. feudal hierarchy of society B. divine power of feudal rulers
C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers D. all of the above
7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.
A. What do I know?
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?
D. Law of universal gravitation.
10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.
A. the protection of private property
11. Which of the following is not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?
A. The substitution of water power for human power.
12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.
B. Rousseau
13. In the works of __________, one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.
C. Bach
14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century is __________.
D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.
C. ideas of a moral nature
16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano.
B. Chopin
17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?
B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.
18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.
D. Maupassant
19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.
B. Ezra Pound
20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.
D. Gorky
I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________
A. Athenian democracy B. The Olympic Games C. The epics of Homer D. All of the above
2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?
A. He is called " Father of History".
3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________
A. the fall of man B. the creation of the world C. Noah’s Ark D. all of the above.
4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________
C. Spartacus
5. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________
B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin
6. The main classes under feudalism in Western Europe were __
D. clergy, lords and peasants
7. Which of the following is not true about Dante?
B. Dante wrote Beowulf.
8. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic because of __________
C. his clerical associations and activities
9. Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great importance to ________
C. direct observation and experiment
10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.
B. deductive reasoning
11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________.
B. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the time
12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers?
D. Montesquieu
13. Diderot is best known as ________.
C. the editor of the Encyclopedie
14. The lines "And mask in every face I meet / Masks of weakness, masks of woe" are written by ___
A. William Blake
15. stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia.
A. Pushkin
16. A work jointly written by Marx and Engels is ________.
B. The Manifesto of the Communist Party
17. Which author won the Nobel Prize in 1925?
C. George Bernard Shaw
18. Which novel was acclaimed as the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes'?.
B. Uncle Tom's Cabin
19. _______ was the discoverer of X - rays.
A. Rontgen
20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams was
D. Sigmund Freud
1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?
C. Adult male citizens
2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?
C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.
3. The great deed that David performed was ____.
B. he killed Goliath, the philistine giant
4. In the early　days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.
B. the poor
5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?
A. A nobleman was born a knight.
6. The Inquisition was ______
A. a church court set up to try heretics
7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which_____.
B. he made inquiry into the reality C. he expressed his vision of man D. B and C
8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.
C. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvements
9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy is
C. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motion
10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated that .__
A. all our knowledge sprang from experience
11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.
C. the seizure of the Bastille
12. Voltaire was noted for his_____.
A. wit B. Satire D. A and B
13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that________.
A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason
14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by _________.
B. Wordsworth and Coleridge
15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.
C. Keats
16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted _____ in German classical philosophy.
A. Hegel's dialectics C. Feuerbach's materialism D. A and C
17. Balzac's monumental work was ________.
B. The Human Comedy
18. The author of A Doll's House was ________.
C. Henric Ibsen
19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?
D. The Sound and the Fury
20. The poem Howl was written by ________.
C. Allen Ginsberg
1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C?
D.Greek culture
2. Who brought about the beginning of the Olympic Games?
C.Greeks
3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamenon against the city of Troy?
B.Iliad伊特利亚
4. Which of the following is not the plays written by Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯?
B.Antigone安提戈涅
5. In which comic play did Aristophanes attack Socrates?
C.Clouds
6. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?
C.Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯
7. Which is Plato's belief?
A. Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general "ideas".
8. Who wrote, "Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive"?
A. Horace贺拉斯
9. What does the Epicureans advocate享乐主义?
C.pleasure is the highest good in life
10. What did the Roman general Julius Caesar write凯撒?
C.I came.I saw,I conquered
1. The first five books of the Old Testament is called___
D.Pentateuch, or Torah
2. At the age of 30,Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of __
C.John Baptist
3. In 313,__issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal.
A. Constantine 1
4. After the __century,Nestorianism reached China.
B.5th
5. Both St.Peter and St.Paul suffered martyrdom under the Roman Emperor __about 65 A.D
B.Nero
6. When printing was invented in the 1500's, the __Bible was the first complete work printed.
B.Latin
7. The most important and influen