高级英语-the-sad-young-manword版本.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,The sad young men,Rod W.Horton and Herbert W.Edwards,Author-Rod W.Horton,1910,Born in White Plains N.Y,1937 1945:as instructor in New York university,1945 1 949:assistant professor,19471957:associate professor of general literature,1957 1964:worked for United States Information Service,in brazil and Portugal as AFFAIRS OFFICER,Author-Rod W.Horton,1910,Born in White Plains N.Y,1937 1945:as instructor in New York university,1945 1 949:assistant professor,19471957:associate professor of general literature,1957 1964:worked for United States Information Service,in brazil and Portugal as AFFAIRS OFFICER,Author-,Rod W.Horton and Herbert W.Edwards,Publications:,(With Herbert W.Edwards),Backgrounds of American Literary Thought(1952),(With Vincent F.Hopper),Backgrounds of European Literature(1954,),background,The sad young men&the lost generation,The,Lost Generation,was the generation that came of age during World War I.The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway,who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel,The Sun Also Rises,.,Background,The lost generation,Lost,means not,vanished,but,disoriented,wandering,directionless,a recognition that there was great confusion and aimlessness among the wars survivors in the early post-war years,Background,representative writer,Gertrude Stein,Ernest Hemingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Gertrude Stein,(February 3,1874 July 27,1946),While Stein has been credited with inventing the term Lost Generation for those whose defining moment in time and coming of age had been World War I and its aftermath,.,8,Gertrude Stein,Published works:,1.Three Lives,(The Grafton Press,1909),2.Tender buttons:objects,food,rooms,(1914)online at Bartleby,3.The Making of Americans,:,Being a History of a Familys Progress,(written 19068,published 1925,),best known of her hermetic works,4.,The Autobiography of Alice B.Toklas,(1933),5.Everybodys Autobiography,(1937),6.,Paris France,(1940),Typical quotes:A rose is a rose is a rose is a rose,there is no there there,Gertrude Stein,Literary style:,hermetic,highly idiosyncratic,playful,repetitive,and humorous style.,Ernest Hemingway,(July 21,1899 July 2,1961),American author and journalist,Hemingways fiction usually focuses on people living essential,dangerous lives-soldiers,fisher-men,athletes,bullfighters-who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage,Ernest Hemingway-The Sun Also Rises,he was recognized as the spokesman of the lost generation(so-called by Gertrude Stein).,The novel concerns a group of psychologically bruised,disillusioned expatriates living in post-war Paris,who take psychic refuge in such immediate physical activities as eating,drinking,travelling,brawling and lovemaking,.,Ernest Hemingway,Works:,The Sun Also Rises,(1926),A Farewell to Arms,(1929),To Have and Have Not,(1937),For Whom the Bell Tolls,(1940),Across the River and into the Trees,(1950),The Old Man and the Sea,(1952),Ernest Hemingway,iceberg theory(冰山原则）:the facts float above water;the supporting structure and symbolism operate out of sight.,The concept of the iceberg theory is sometimes referred to as the theory of omission,the writer could describe one thing though an entirely different thing occurs below the surface,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s,F.Scott Fitzgerald,(September 24,1896 December 21,1940）,American author of novels and short stories,whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Novels：,1.This Side of Paradise-,人间天堂,2.The Beautiful and Damned-,美丽与毁灭,3.The Great Gatsby-,了不起的盖茨比,4.Tender Is the Night-,夜色温柔,5.The Love of the Last Tycoon,originally,The Last Tycoon,-最后一个大亨（未完成）,F.Scott Fitzgerald-,The Great Gatsby,The story deals with human aspiration to start over again,social politics and its brutality and also betrayal,of ones own ideals and of people.Using elements of irony and tragic ending,it also delves into themes of excesses of the rich,and recklessness of youth,.,Background,First used by Kerouac,1960s,Hippies:”beat”life style,The beat generation,Background,The beat generation,The,Beat Generation,was a group of American post-World War II writers who came to prominence in the 1950s,as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired,Background,The beat generation,Central elements of Beat culture included,rejection of received standards,innovations,in style,experimentation with drugs,alternative,sexualities,an interest in religion,a rejection of materialism,and explicit portrayals of the human condition,Background,The angry young men,The,angry young men,were a group of,mostly working and middle class British,playwrights and novelists who became,prominent in the 1950s,Background,The angry young men,Rebellious,critical attitudes towards society,Introduction to the Passage,a piece of expositive writing,The structural organization of this essay:,clear and simple,-para.1:introducing the subject,-paras.2-9:supporting and developing the thesis,-paras.10-11:bringing the discussion to an end,Introduction to the Passage,Rhetorical Devices:,1.metaphor,2.personification,3.metonymy,4.transferred epithet,Structure Analysis,Para.1:to introduce the subject(introduction),Para2-9:to support and develop the thesis(the body),Para10-11:to bring the discussion to an end(conclusion),Structure Analysis,Para1:what are they like?Really wild?,Para2:How did it come?,a.WWI,b.no longer isolated,Structure Analysis,Para3:Rejection of gentility:booming industry leads to a changed life style,Para4:Youth responsibility to bring sth new,but they escaped in alcohol&carnival,Para5:The young in WWI,Prohibition禁酒令,The forbidding by law of the manufacture,transportation,and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes;specially in the U.S.,the period(1920-1933)of prohibition by,Federal Law,.,Prohibition,Good results,:,Few deaths from alcohol-related diseases;,Few accidents;,Thousands of people stopped drinking.,Prohibition,Bad results:,Many continued to drink in defiance of the law;,Money made from the illegal production,importation financed crimes;,Many have claimed that prohibition did more harm than good.,Para1:what are they like?Really wild?,No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called,Revolt of the Younger Generation.,The Revolt of the Young Generation in the 1920s has been most commented upon and has been treated very romantically and sensationally.,Detailed study of the text,sensationally romanticized,:,(This so-called problem)was treated in a passionate,idealized manner to shock thrill and arouse peoples interest.,revolt,：an act of protest or rejection 反抗,romanticize,:to think about or describe something as being better or more attractive or interesting than it really is;to show,describe,or think about something in a romantic way(使)浪漫化,(使)幻想化,Eg.He,romanticize,d the past as he became disillusioned with his present.,因为对现在的大失所望，他把过去浪漫化了。,在二十世纪生活的方方面面，所谓的青年一代的反抗是人们评论最多和,渲染最严重,的。,The slightest mention of the decade brings,nostalgic,recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of,Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting“,sheik,”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the“flapper”and the“drugstore cowboy”,.,The slightest mention.by the young,At the very mention of this post,-,war period,middle,-,aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions.,middle,-,aged,:Middle,-,aged people lived through the Twenties so they can recall what life was like then.,the young,:The young people have only heard about all this and were very curious about the lives of young people of another generation.,nostalgic,nstldk:looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstance 怀旧的；乡愁的,recollection,:recall回忆,questioning,:,n.质问,v.询问，审问（question的现在分词）,1.,questioning,strategies,提问策略;提问的策略;查战略;工作坊提问的策略,2.direct questioning 直接提问法;直接提问;直接询问法,3.questioning techniques 提问技巧;提问技术;发问技巧,Eg.He raised a,questioning,eyebrow.,他探询地扬起眉毛。,deliciously illicit thrill,:,an improper action but very enjoyable and exciting(A visit to a speakeasy was prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally),delicious,:very pleasant to taste;very pleasing or enjoyable 美味的；可口的;有趣的,illicit,lst:not allowed by law,custom,rule 违法的；不正当的,illicit trading 非法贸易,thrill,:tremor of excitement,The electric atmosphere both terrified and,thrilled,him.,这种紧张的气氛使他既害怕又激动。,speakeasy,:(slang)a place where alcoholic drink are sold illegally,esp.a place in the U.S.during Prohibition(美国禁酒期间的）非法酒店,denunciation,:a public statement in which you criticize someone or something谴责，斥责；告发,Puritan morality,:extreme strictness in matters of morals.Strict Puritans even regarded drinking,gambling punishable offences(应受惩处的罪行),Puritan,(adj.):Of or relating to the Puritans or Puritanism清教徒的,Puritan,(n.):A member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England 清教徒（兴起于16和17世纪的英国新教徒一派的成员，主张严格的宗教原则和英国教堂的仪式及教义的从简）,amour,:a love affairs,esp.of an illicit or secret nature恋情；偷情，奸情,fashionable experimentations in amour:,trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time,parked sedan:a car parked,sedan,：a car that has four doors and that has room for four or more people 四门轿车,naughty,:a little indecent 顽皮的，淘气的；不听话的；没规矩的；不适当的；下流的,Eg.These,naughty,kids have pulled off all the rose buds.,这些淘气的孩子把所有玫瑰花蕾都摘掉了,jazzy,:（a party)playing jazz music(舞会)放爵士音乐的,sheik,:a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted(能使女子倾心的)美男子,flask-toting,:always carrying a small bottle filled of strong liquor身带烈性酒的,tote:carry 携带,moral and stylistic,vagaries,:odd and eccentric dress and conduct,vagary,:an odd,eccentric,or unexpected action 奇想；奇特行为,flapper,:in the 1920s,a young woman considered to be bold and unconventional in actions and dress(在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子，轻佻女郎,drugstore cowboy,:,a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to impress women穿一身牛仔服而从未当过牛仔的人；游手好闲的人；小流氓,The Drugstore Cowboy 药房牛仔,Eg,.,Life was combat,and victory was not to the lazy,the timid,the,drugstore cowbo,y,the mush-mouth afraid to tell people exactly what was on his mind.,生活是战斗，因为胜利不属于懒惰者、怯懦者、闲逛者、放荡者以及多愁善感但却不敢直言不讳者。,只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的提问。中年人会回忆起第一次光顾非法酒店时的那种既高兴又不安的违法犯罪的,刺激感,，回忆起对,清教徒式的,道德规范的勇猛抨击，回忆起停在乡间小路上的小轿车里时髦的爱情试验方式；青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。,“Were young people really so wild?”present-day students ask their parents and teachers.“Was there really a Younger Generation problem?”,“那时的青年果真这样狂放不羁吗?”今天的青年学生们不禁好奇地向他们的师长问起这样的问题。“那时真的有过青年一代的问题吗?”,The answers to such inquiries must of necessity be“yes”and“no”“yes”because the business of growing up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation problem;“no”because what seemed so wild,irresponsible,and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazz,mad youth.,The answers.and,no,The answer to such questions must because of necessity be both yes and no.People cannot give a simple yes or no answer to such questions.,of necessity,必然地,不可避免地,不得己地,must of necessity,:must because of necessity,yes.problem:,In the process of growing up,during the period when children grow up to become adults,there always exists a Younger Generation problem.In this sense the answer must be yes.,no.jazzmad youth,When we look back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another,we see that the social behavior of the young people was not very wild,irresponsible,and immoral.Their behaviour was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth.Therefore,in this sense,the answer must be no.,in perspective,:reasonably;correctly正确地；符合透视法地,Eg.Stay,in perspective,.Sometimes we need to drop goals that are no longer serving us.,走正确的路，有些时候，我们需要放弃那些不再服务我们的目标。,sensational,:arousing strong curiosity,interest,or reaction 轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的,degeneration,:moral corruption；堕落；恶化,jazz mad,:blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music,Para.2,How did it come?,Actually,the revolt of the young people was a logical outcome of conditions in the age.,Actually,the revolt of the young people was a necessary and expected consequence of the conditions that existed in this period of history.,logical outcome,:necessary or expected result or consequence,实际上，青年一代的叛逆行为是当时的时代条件的,必然结果,。,First of all,it must be remembered that the,rebellion,was not confined to the United States,but affected the entire Western world as a result of the,aftermath,of,the first serious war,in a century.,the rebellion was not confined.century,The revolt of the young did not take place only in the United States,but affected all the countries in the Western world.Their revolt was the result or consequence of World War I-the biggest and most serious war in a hundred years.,Western world,:all the countries in the western hemisphere and Europe,the first serious war,in a century:The writer,perhaps,is referring to the Napoleonic wars that ended in Napoleons defeat at Waterloo(1815)as the last serious war that took place almost a hundred years ago.CF.World War I:A war fought from 1914 to 1918.,aftermath,:a consequence,esp.of a disaster or misfortune 后果；余波,Haiti Aftermath,海地余波,an aftermath 后果,legal aftermath,法律后果,首先，值得记住的是，这种叛逆行为并不局限于美国，而是作为百年之中第一次惨烈的战争的后遗症影响到整个西方世界。,Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some,subconsciously,if not openlythat our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans,.,it was reluctantly.or tradition,Some people in the United States fully understood,though unwillingly,that the United States could no longer remain isolated politically or in matters of social customs and practices.If these people did not state their views openly,at least,they understood it subconsciously.,subconscious,:occurring without conscious perception潜意识的；下意识的,tradition,:,the stories,beliefs,etc.,that have been part of the culture of a group of people for a long time 惯例，传统传说,We had reached.bordering oceans,M,etaphor,comparing provincial morality to artificial walls.,We have become a world power so we can no longer in our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own country,nor can we remain isolated geographically protected by the Atla