牛津高中英语模块8-Unit1-Grammar--project语言点讲解.doc

Grammar1. He is raised in a place with other children who also have no parents.Raise: （1） “养大，带大”He had to raise his children on a small income. 他得靠微簿的收入来抚养子女。The baby was raised on milk. 这婴儿是用牛奶养大的。（2）“饲养，种植”他们靠养蚕等增加了收入。They increased their income by raising silkworms and so on.在这个地区，人们饲养牛羊/种小麦。 In this region, people raise cattle and sheep/wheat.（3） “提出”你为什么不在会上提出这个问题？ Why didnt you raise the question at the meeting?（4）“筹集；募集”他们为这个计划筹集资金遇到了很大的困难。They had much /great difficulty in raising money for the project.（5）“提高，提升” raise ones voice/hand/head 提高某人的嗓音/举手/抬头 raise the price of 提高。的价格The worker_ (raise) to a higher position. (was raised)2. Oliver was abused by his new master.Abuse: “虐待；凌辱，” “滥用；乱用”（1）奴隶主有权任意打骂、甚至杀害奴隶。The slave-owner had the right to beat, abuse or even kill slaves at will.Stop abusing the old horse.（2）我把照相机借给你，你可别瞎用。Ill lend you my camera but dont abuse it. Abuse ones authority(power) 滥用职权（权力）（3）绝不能允许他们滥用职权 They should never be allowed to abuse their authority and position.（4）不要这样工作，否则会把身体搞垮的。 Dont abuse your health by working like that.3. care about “在乎；在意；对。关心”（1）这位黑人领袖说，他唯一关心的是黑人得到公平待遇。The black leader said that the only thing he cared about was justice for his people.（2）他只想到自己，不关心别人。He thinks only of himself; he doesnt care about other people.（3）你怎么想不关我的事。I dont care about what you think.（4）你不怕丢掉工作吗？Dont you care about losing your job? 【辨析】care about; 和care for 前者为“在乎；在意；对。关心”，后者表示“喜欢；对。感兴趣”(1)上周我读了那首诗，不过我一点也不喜欢。I read the poem last week but I didnt care for it at all(2)我不太喜欢骑自行车，我宁愿步行。I dont care for riding on a bike very much; I would rather go on foot.4. pressure vt.“对。施加压力；强迫”Pressure sb. to do sth. Pressure sb. into doing sth.他们强迫他释放囚犯。They have pressured him into freeing the prisoners.他被迫立即做出决定。He was pressured into making a decision immediately.n. “压力;压迫”（1）公众舆论的强大压力迫使他辞职了。The strong pressure of the public opinion drove him from office. （2）我们正努力给政府施压修改法律。We are trying to put pressure on the government to change the law.（3）由于工作上的压力，他不能来参加晚会。He couldnt come to the party because of pressure of work.5. resist vi.&vt. A:“抵抗；抗拒”（1）他们奋力抵抗，但是埙失了大量的兵力和枪支。They resisted desperately but lost a large number of guns and men.（2）敌人抵抗不住都纷纷逃命了。The enemy couldnt resist any longer and ran for their lives.（3）我顶住了他们想要影响我的所有企图。I resisted all their attempts to influence me.（4）这是一种耐高温的盘子。Its a kind of glass plate that resists heat.B:“忍住；抵制；禁不住要” 常用于否定句，后接动名词。（1）她情不自禁地拿他的光头开玩笑。She couldnt resist making jokes about his baldness.（2）他觉得要克服购买这些书的欲望是困难的。He found it hard to resist buying these books.（3）在那些场合她总忍不住要笑。She could hardly resist laughing on those occasions.6.deserve “应得（奖惩等）” “值得（注意等）”（1）这个问题值得我们注意。This question deserves our attention.（2）他受到了应得的惩罚。He got the punishment he deserved（3）这些看法值得认真考虑。These views deserve serious consideration.（4）我工作做得不多，不应当受到这样的表扬和荣誉。I have done so little and I dont deserve such praise and honour.【注意】deserve后接动名词的一般式时，其主语与动名词之间在逻辑上是被动关系，如用不定式，应使用被动式。类似的词还有need, want, require.（1）我感觉到像那样的人是值得照料的。I feel a man like that deserves looking after.（2）他觉得自己不应得那么大的荣誉。He felt that he didnt deserve to be given such a great honor（3）他们应该被好好对待。They deserved to be well treated. 【注意】deserve后接不定式的一般式时，主语执行不定式表示的动作。（1）她应当赢，因为她是最优秀的。She deserved to win because she was the best.（2）凡有足够勇气选这门课程的学生一定能获得成功。Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed.短语归纳：(翻译并熟记)1 分为两个主要的种类 be divided into main categories2 在畅销书名单中on the best-sellers3 记实文学 non-fiction4 （音乐，风俗，戏剧，书籍。）的流行be popular5 （衣服，头发，装饰品。）的流行 be in fashion6 小说中的主要人物 the main character of the novel7 经历一个异常的童年时代 experience a abnormal childhood.8 被赶出了济贫院 be thrown out of the workhouse9 成为一个残忍的主人的奴仆 become a servant to a cruel master10 受到某人的虐待be abused by11 被警察抓住 get caught by the police12 被带到法庭 be taken to court13 改造某人 reform sb14 一个藏身之地 a hiding place15 这本小说的主题the major theme of the novelTask-Project1. emphasis n. (C; U) (pl. emphases) 强调，重点They put emphasis on developing nuclear power. 他们把重点放在发展核动力上。用法拓展：emphasize(-ise) vt. 强调，加强语气；重读emphasize the importance of something 强调某事的重要性emphasize repeatedly 反复强调emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事2. homemade adj.自制的；家里做的；国产的They all like the delicious homemade cakes. 他们都喜欢这自制的美味蛋糕。拓展：形容词/名词过去分词构成复合形容词ready-made 现成的man-made 人造的new-born 新生的warm-hearted 热心肠的water-covered 被水覆盖的3spin （1）vi. 旋转；将（棉花或羊毛）纺成（线或纱）She spent her days spinning. 她整天在纺线。She spun the wool into thread. 她把羊毛纺成纱线。He spun the coin on the table. 他把硬币放在桌上旋转。（2）旋转The dance ended with a dramatic spin.这场舞蹈以一阵激动人心的旋转结束。4swiftly 迅速地He finished the task swiftly. 他迅速地完成了那项任务。5. pin vt. （用别针）别住；（用针）钉住；固住；压住You can pin your notice up on the noticeboard. 你可以把通知钉在布告板上She pinned the brooch on her coat. 她把胸针别在衣服上。6. talent n. (C;U) 才能，禀赋；天才She shows great artistic talent. 她表现出卓越的艺术才华。Van Gogh was a painter of great talent. 凡高是一个天才画家。He is looking for a way to use his talents. 他盼望有机会能一展所长。He is a great talent. 他是一个了不起的人才。have a talent for sth. 有的天赋Jenny has a talent for writing. 珍妮有写作天赋。talented adj. 有才能的；天才的talentless adj.无才能的；平庸的7. at the sight of 看到，一看到I have been known to faint at the sight of blood.大家都知道，我一看到血就会昏倒。At the sight of her mother, the baby burst into tears.一看到妈妈，那婴儿大哭起来。拓展：catch sight of 看到；看见 keep sight of sb./ sth. 看住/监视某人/某物 Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不念8. supreme adj. 最高的；至上的；卓越的A final decision on the case will be made by the Supreme Court.本案将由最高法院作出最终决定。This matter is of supreme importance.这件事最为重要。改错：He is the most supreme ruler of the country.9. Typical of the Scotch, Burns had a reputation for being funny and charming.彭斯是一个典型的苏格兰人，以有趣和有魅力而闻名。typical adj. 典型的Its typical of him to take hard jobs. 抢挑重担是他的特点。Apple pies are typical of American food. 苹果馅饼是典型的美国食品。reputation 名誉，名声，声誉He has a good reputation as a doctor. 作为一名医生，他名声很好。He has a reputation for laziness. 他以懒惰出名。build up/ make a reputation (for oneself) 树立声誉，博得名声live up to ones reputation 不负盛名10. monument n. 纪念碑They set up a monument to soldiers killed in the war. 他们树立了一个阵亡将士纪念碑。拓展：monument 后常加介词to 表“的纪念碑或纪念物”the monument to the peoples heroes 人民英雄纪念碑类似用法的词还有entrance, key, answer, notes, visit等11. tend vi. 趋向；倾向；经常做，经常发生Jenet tends to get angry if you ask stupid questions.如果你问珍妮特愚蠢的问题，她常常会发火。It tends to rain a lot here in spring.这里春天经常下雨。Women tend to live longer than men. 女人多比男人长寿。拓展：tend v. 照管；看护；有助于tendency n. 趋向，倾向12. Burns wrote this poem in four short sections consisting of four lines each.彭斯写的这首诗包括四节，每节四行。consist vi. 组成，一致，常与of 连用Coal consists mostly of carbon. 媒大部分是由炭组成的。The club consists of more than 200 members. 这个俱乐部有200多个会员组成。拓展：（1）consist of 由组成 （2）consist in 存在于,.在于 (3) consist with 与一致，相符3