八年级英语暑假专题-阅读理解答题技巧-教科版-知识精讲.doc

八年级英语暑假专题 阅读理解答题技巧 教科版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
暑假专题——阅读理解答题技巧

［学习过程］
一、“阅读理解”题型
阅读理解短文选材广泛，内容丰富，往往涉及到日常生活、人物传记、国内外风土人情、故事传说、社会文化、政治经济、史地科技、小品、自然现象、新闻报道、体育活动、广告说明、书信通知、目录等许多方面的知识。文体多采用叙述、描写、说明、议论及应用文等形式。
阅读理解短文的思考题类型有：
A. 回答wh—引导的疑问句，可在短文中直接找到答案。
B. 转换理解。就是把短文中的某些词汇或短语用正确的英语释义替换。
C. 概括综合回答提出的问题让考生用简捷语言概括综合答出。
D. 推理判断。让考生在理解全篇短文后，对某一问题进行推理判断正误。

二、阅读理解题答题技巧：
在快速浏览全篇文章，了解文章内容的基础上，考生要注意：
1. 抓住文章首句
文章中的头一句话往往是短文中关键的语句，即文章的主题句，是探察全文内容的窗口。了解首句含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的关键词语，从而获得解决问题的答案。
2. 细察段首段尾
每段的首句和尾句，一般是表达文章中的主题和段落中心思想的，各段的段落大意往往概括在一个主题句中，其它句子只是对主题句的补充、说明、解释或引申。因此，起读之后，视域内首先要搜索目标即段落中的主题句。英语短文的主题句一般都在段落的末尾或开头。
3. 进行合理推断
对文章有了详细、全面的了解之后，就要按照文章要求，上下文的逻辑关系，作出推进判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面因素。答题时要领会句子之间的逻辑关系，特别是相邻句子之间的关系，这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词、关系词、插入语，通读时应特别注意。如：if, because, though, as, which, it, and, but, however, therefore, so, for, example, I’m afraid, so that, so…that等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件、原因、让步，指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用，分布在文章中的各个位置，起着指示路灯的作用，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对阅读理解短文是大有好处的。
例：
Mr. Black gave his wife money every Friday evening, but she always spent it before the next Wednesday. For the next three days she had none. Every Tuesday evening Mr. Black asked her,“But what did you spent all that money on?”and she always answered,“I don’t know”.
One Friday Mr. Black brought home an exercise book and a pencil and gave them to his wife along with the money.“Now look!”he said to her,“When you get money from me, write it down on this page, and on the next page write down what happens to the money.”
When Mr. Black came home the next Tuesday, his wife came to him and showed him the book,“I have done what you told me”, she said happily. On the first page she had written“Friday,28th June I got ＄18 from John”and on the next page, “Tuesday,2nd July, I have spent it all.”
解题：
通读全文可知故事发生的时间： 每星期五晚上；下星期三之前；星期五的一天；6月28日(星期五)；(7月2日)(星期二)；
地点：布莱克先生家里；
人物：布莱克先生和他的妻子；
事件：布莱克先生每星期五晚上给他妻子钱，他妻子总是在星期三之前花完；接着可根据上述提供的线索进一步分析可知：星期三、四、五他妻子没花钱；星期五的一天，布莱克买回一个练习本和一支铅笔，并随同钱一起交给妻子；布莱克告诉妻子，“当你从我这拿钱时，记在第一页上，下一页记钱是怎么花的。”布莱克先生下星期二回家时，他妻子告诉他：6月28日(星期五)她收到18美元；7月2日（星期二）把钱花完经过综合分析，了解了文章的详细内容，这样就可按照要求进行判断回答了。
按要求回答下面五个问题：
( )1. Mr. Black how she had spend the money.
A. wanted to know B. knew quite well
C. had no idea D. often asked herself
从上述分析可容易地找到答案，应为C。
( )2. By evening there was no more money left for Mrs. Black.
A. Tuesday B. Wednesday C. Thursday D. Friday
从上面分析可排除C、D，经推测到星期二晚上，她已没有更多的钱了，因为星期三已没钱花了，故选择答案A。
( )3. Mr. Black told his wife to write down on the next page.
A. when she spent the money; B. where she spent the money;
C. why she spent so much money; D. what she bought with the money
分析后应选择答案D，因为D说明她用钱买什么东西，正是短文中所谈及的内容。
( )4. Mrs. Black began to write down how much her husband had given her .
A. at the beginning of July B. by the end of June
C. on Friday evening D. every weekend.
分析应选择答案B，因为6月28日正是6月末。
( )5. In the end, Mr. Black was sure .
A. that his wife had it if saving money
B. that most of the money had been spent on food
C. about how the money had been spent
D. that his wife spent his money without much care or thought.
经分析可排除A、B、C，只剩D“他妻子花钱”为正确答案。
4. 丰富常识储备
多了解些常识性知识很有利于阅读理解。如果对有关文章的情况有所了解，读起文章一定既省时又省力。因此，在学习过程中，了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。所以考生平时对教材内容所涉及的历史背景知识应该掌握。最低也要了解基本常识。中学初一至高三册的教材中，包含着广泛的背景知识。
考生应了解下列知识：
①主要作家、艺术家及其主要作品；
②科普常识：生态平衡、环境污染、自由落体理论、水的三态变化、相对论、计算机应用、人造地球卫星、登月纪实、诺贝尔奖金等。
③了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、罢工斗争、失业现象、风俗习惯等；
④了解教材、阅读材料及课后短文；
⑤博览群书，扩大视野，拓宽知识面； 考生应多读一些课外阅读材料，如外国文艺、英语画刊、世界知识画报、中学英语各类刊物等。多看一些新闻联播，世界各地和各类的英语讲座；
⑥使用各种工具书，查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件；
⑦记熟常用的缩略词语。
5. 猜测推敲生词
阅读短文时，常常遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。
首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的阅读理解，很可能猜测出生词的大意。还可以从生词的上下句子，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含意。
猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据词型推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： unforeseeable一词，其中的foresee是词根，fore的含意是“先前、预先”意思，un是前缀，是“不”的意思，因此可以猜知，此词是“未能预见”的形容词。
6. 细扣题目要求
纵观历年中、高考试题，阅读理解试题一般有以下几种答题法：一是完形填空法；二是多项选择法；三是短文内容直接回答who、whom、which、what、where、when、why、how等疑问词的问题；四是综合概括回答法。 在阅读文章时，有时试题内容恰好是你所熟悉的题材，但不能立刻就答，一定要仔细看完、看清楚试题要求再回答。因为试题的要求往往与你所想象的有出入，不能马虎。
总之，阅读理解试题是中、高考试题中最重要的一项内容，在试题中占有举足轻重的地位。如果考生按上述答题方法去做，一定会在各类阅读理解的试题上取得比较理想的成绩。

【典型例题】
阅读理解：
Mr. Smith usually got up late in the morning, so Mrs. Smith always called him up in order to make him not to be late for work. One day, they had a loud and long quarrelling, so they were not speaking to each other. In the evening Mr. Smith handed his wife a piece of paper. He had written “call me at 7 in the morning” on it. Then without a word, he went to sleep. Next morning, when Mr. Smith woke up, it was already 9:30.He got up and put on his clothes quickly. As he went out, he found another piece of paper on the table. “It’s seven o’clock. Get up!”
根据短文内容，对下面的句子作出判断，如句子与短文内容相符，在题前括号内写（T），如不符则写（F）。
( )1. Mr. Smith woke up earlier than his wife every morning.
( )2. After the quarrelling. Mr. Smith still wanted his wife to wake him up.
( )3. Mr. Smith did not speak to his wife the whole evening.
( )4. Mrs. Smith did not want to speak to him either.
( )5. Mr. Smith might be late for work that morning.
答案：1~5 F T T T T

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
阅读理解：
A
Karnishakuji 4-16 2
Tokyo 145
October 24,1999
Concord School of English
23 Essex St.
Concord NH 03301
Dear Madam or Sir:
One of the teachers at my school in Japan told me that your school has summer courses. I am planning to go to the United States next summer and would like to take a short one-month course.
I am 18 years old and have been studying English for six years. I am going to study English at the university. I have ever been to a few countries, such as China, England, Korea, but never to the U.S., and I think a trip will help me improve my English.
Could you send me a catalogue (目录) and application form (申请表)？I would also like information about New Hampshire and other places nearby.
I hope to do some traveling when the course is over.
Thank you in advance (提前) . I look forward to you reply.
Very truly yours,
Mariko Kobori
1. From the letter we know that they will hold the summer courses in _______.
A. Korea B. the U.S. C. Japan D. England
2. When will Mariko Kobori take the summer course?
A. In June, 1998. B. In May, 1999. C. In June, 2000. D. In July, 2001.
3. How old was Mariko Kobori when he started to learn English?
A. 6. B. 18. C. 14. D. 12.
4. Mariko Kobori wrote this letter to _____.
A. ask to take the next summer English course
B. go to the United States for summer holidays
C. get some advice on how to learn English
D. know about the Concord School of English
5. Right after the summer course, Mariko Kobori will probably _______.
A. go to university in Japan B. work in the United States
C. study English in New Hampshire D. take a trip in the United States

B
Who will follow Yao Ming and became the next Chinese person to play in the NBA? Time Magazine says Yi Jianlian, a 2.1-metre tall teenager from Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, might be the one.
Fifteen-year old Yi is a good player and has the right size. He moves quickly. He plays for Guangdong Tigers Club team. He played in the Chinese Basketball Association-the CBA(中国篮球协会) last season and was the group’s new player of the year. Yi could be a key player at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
“It’s my dream to play in the Olympics,” Yi said. “It would be a great honour to play in the Olympics for the country, I hope I will get a chance.”
Yi was 12 when he first picked up a basketball. At first his parents were against his playing basketball in a sports school. But they were changed by the fact that Yi has everything for a good player such as speed and size. Yi’s basketball life almost ended before it began. When he first went to training, he almost gave up halfway through.
“I wanted to give up,” Yi said. “I had never lived away from home before.” But he decided to make the best of a difficult situation(处境).
His goal is to join Yao in the NBA. “We all look up to him, and I hope I can one day in the NBA, too,” said Yi. “I need to learn and practice and stay cool before fame(名声).”
6. Why does Time Magazine say Yi Jianlian will become the next Chinese person to play in the NBA?
A. Because he is taller than any other player in China.
B. Because he is younger than any other player in China.
C. Because he is a good player with right size and quick movement.
D. Because he is a CBA’s key player at present.
7. Yi Jianlian has played in the CBA in _______ up to now.
A. one season B. two seasons C. three seasons D. four seasons
8. Why did Yi Jianlian almost give up halfway through when he first went to training?
A. Because his parents were against his playing basketball.
B. Because he found it too difficult to play basketball
C. Because he didn’t have anything for a good player.
D. Because he couldn’t live with his family as before.
9. The underlined word “cool” means “______” in the last sentence.
A. happy B. unexcited
C. pleasantly D. neither warm nor cold
10. From the text we know that _______.
A. Yi Jianlian is a player of the Chinese Basketball Team
B. Yi Jianlian will join Yao Ming in the NBA next season
C. Yi Jianlian is a basketball player with a bright future
D. Yao Ming is the first person playing in the NBA

C
Never let the soil in your garden dry out. If it doesn’t rain for a few days and the soil feels dry, water your garden. Be sure the water gets all the way down to the roots (the parts that grow down into the soil) of the plants, but don’t water too much . You could drown your plants!
You may see some plants in your garden that you didn’t put there. These are weeds(杂草).
Pull them out when the ground is soft and wet. Be sure you get out the roots, or the weeds will grow back.
Tall plants such as tomatoes need sticks to hold them up. Without sticks ,they’ll fall over.
When your tomato plants get to be about two feet tall, it’s time to stick to them. Push a long stick into the ground next to each plant. Tie the plant to the stick with string. As each plant grows taller, you’ll have to tie it up again.
If you’ve planted seeds(种子), you can expect too many plants to come out.You have to clear some away, so that the plants left will have room to grow. This is called thinning.
If you’ve planted lettuce(莴苣)seeds, wait until the baby plants are about 1.5 inches tall.Then pull some of the plants out so that you leave about 8 inches between plants.
Now that you’ve done all the work to make a vegetable garden, it’s time to enjoy what you’ve finished. Pick a red, ripe , juicy tomato. Eat it while it’s still warm from the sun. Or cut it up and put it in a salad(沙拉)-made with lettuce you picked yourself. If you have more vegetables from your garden than you and your family can eat, give them to friends and neighbors. It’s fun to have the joy you get from your garden together with others.
11. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. Plants in the garden needs rain.
B. When and how to water your garden.
C. Water plants in the garden every day.
D. The more water, the better.
12. Tomatoes need special care because ______________.
A. they are hard to grow tall B. they don’t grow without sticks
C. they can’t stand up to a certain height. D. they like to grow next to each other
13. The Chinese for “thinning”(in the fourth paragraph) is “______”.
A. 拔苗 B. 间苗 C. 除草 D. 育苗
14. Which of the following for garden work isn’t told about in this passage?
A. Water the garden B. Pull weeds out C. Thin plants D. Dig the soil
15. In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to tell us that_____________.
A. it’s fun to enjoy the result of the garden work with others
B. It’s how to eat the tomatoes
C. how to make a salad with lettuce
D. what to do with the vegetables in the garden

【试题答案】
阅读理解：
1~5 BCDAD 6~10 CADBC 11~15 BCBDA

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