山东省胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练(8).doc

胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练（8）及答案或解析

[时文阅读]
The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming（逼近） hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine（破坏） political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.
So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert（防止, 避免） the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up（按比例增加,扩大） the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone（遭遇饥荒） country in southern Africa, which three years ago A. How to end the global food shortage
B. How to end the global disaster
C. How to help the farmers in the poor countries
D. How to subsidize the farmers to increase food products
2. What does the author think of the global food shortage?
A. people in the world can do nothing
B. The global food crisis will continue.
C. The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity.
D. We don’ know.
3. What measures should be taken to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster?
A. to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi
B. the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels
C. to prevent the world's crops from being destroyed by weather as soon and as effectively as possible.
D. All above .

答案与简析：
1.A.析主旨大意题。文章主要讲如何结束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要内容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。
2.C.析：作者态度题目，文中最后一段可知。
3.D.析：事实细节题，从文章中第二、三及四自然段的句首可知。
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第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Mariska Hargitay, who plays a tough but beautiful detective on NBC’s Law & Order, recently 21 her childhood friend Annette Condon Tauber to breast cancer. “It was 22 . Ann defined so much of who I am.” says the 23 . “She was my champion and the most 24 friend.”
Ann was diagnosed(诊断) in 2003, when she was 38, shortly after the birth of her fourth daughter. However, she never told them she was 25 , hoping for a miracle and not wanting to burden her friends. “I understand her not wanting to 26 ,” Hargitay says. “And to my mind, she did 27 the disease to some extent.” By late 2005, the cancer had 28 to Ann’s liver in a golf-ball-size mass. She passed away in May 2007. In 29 of Ann, Hargitay signed a programme that raises money for breast cancer research. Participating workplaces let employees wear jeans on October 5 for a $5 donation. “It’s a real way for everyone to feel like they’re making a 30 ,” says the Emmy-winning actress.
21. A. met B. recognized C. accompanied D. lost
22. A. comforting B. moving C. interesting D. shocking
23. A. actor B. actress C. director D. heroine
24. A. dishonest B. horrible C. sincere D. pretty
25. A. well B. sad C. afraid D. sick
26. A. share B. die C. suffer D. withdraw
27. A. lose B. win C. beat D. fight
28. A. led B. spread C. contributed D. devoted
29. A. case B. charge C. control D. memory
30. A. difference B. decision C. friend D. profit

参考答案
21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D
26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
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The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1, 2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide area of Texas and neighboring states.
Dramatic television images of the shuttle's descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.
Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.
Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器).
"We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members.
"The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, …Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. … America's space program will go on," said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences（同情）to the families of the dead astronauts.
6. The word “descent” in the passage means ________.
A. taking off B. landing C. orbiting(绕轨运行) D. walking down
7. Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon?
A. He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.
B. He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle.
C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot.
D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster.
8. The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that ________.
A. there were seven astronauts killed on board
B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off
C. Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land
D. no human remains were found
9. Which of the following is wrong according to the news?
A. The U.S.A. will give up the space program because of the accident.
B. NASA hasn’t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.
C. Before the Columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.
D. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.

参考答案B A A A
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1.（2011·山东卷）A
Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller` s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“ Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.
Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman , is a powerful attack on the American system ,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman , the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment : if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949 ,the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews ,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut ,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed.
57. The play Death of a Salesman
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
58. What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly.
B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system.
D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
59. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman
A. achieved huge success
B. won the first Tony Award
C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D. was severely attacked by dramatists
60. What is the text mainly about?
A. Arthur Miller and his family.
B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.
D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.
【解析】：56-60:BACAD
【语篇解读】本文是讲述了阿瑟.密勒的生平经历及他的代表作Death of a Salesman的内容及评价。
36. B。细节题。从第一段第二句话可知米勒的父亲已经从奥地利迁往美国，是和许多其他人一样受“伟大的美国梦”的驱使。
37. A。细节推断题。从第二段第一句话可知米勒写《推销员之死》的目的是对美国制度的攻击，因为美国商业制度的侵犯性和坚持将金钱和社会地位作为价值的显示。A 指出了, 暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。下文也提到了，in the cruel world of business。
38. C.推理判断题。从上文介绍情节中得知Willy Loman是戏剧中一个角色，而这个角色最终因为在这个制度中屡遭失败自杀身亡，因此推断他是美国制度的受害者。
39. A.细节推断题。从第三段得知一上映便赢得许多奖项，因此获得巨大成功。
40. D。主旨大意题。A没有提及，BC都是片面的。

结束

1. 我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。
2. 由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。
3. 一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。
4. 介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。
5. 保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。
·链接高考
链接1. （2012山东卷）
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization, the first European to arrive was John Feam in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship, He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil Then u takes away the material it wants. Strip-mining totally destroys die land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized dial they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
56. What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B. To give a warning to other countries.
C. To show the importance of money.
D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A. Rich and powerful. B. Modem and open.
C. Peaceful and attractive. D. Greedy and aggressive.
58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from______ .
A. soil pollution B. phosphate overmining
C. farming activity D. whale hunting
59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?
A. Its leaders misused the money.
B. It spent too much repairing the island.
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.
【难度】一般
59.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句和最后三句可知，Nauru的领导者对金钱的错误使用致使这个国家陷入了财政困难，故答案选A。

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