过去分词作定语和表语.doc

M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative
Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative
Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative
Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容，自学《南方新课堂》，完成预习案
［知识梳理］过去分词作定语和表语
1. 过去分词概述：动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式，是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动和完成的意义。
过去分词作定语用法说明
示例
位置
单个过去分词一般置于被修饰的名词或代词前。有时候为了强调,也可以放在所修饰的词后。
A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。
Money spent is more than money earned.花的钱比挣的钱多。
过去分词短语置于被修饰的名词或代词后。
a novel written by Mark Twain马克·吐温的小说
the suggestion put forward by him他提出的建议
时态和语
态意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动和完成的意义。
a broken vase一只打碎了的花瓶
the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题
不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成。
fallen leaves落叶
a retired teacher退休了的老师
过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换
作定语的过去分词一般可以用一个被动语态或完成时态形式的定语从句来替换。
We must tell the people frightened(who were frightened)by the disease the good news as soon as possible.我们必须尽可能快地告诉受惊吓的人们这一个好消息。
2.过去分词作表语
用法说明
示例
表状态
及物动词的过去分词与主语之间是被动关系，表示主语的状态，有被动和完成的意义。
When we got to the classroom，the door was closed.
当我们到达教室时，门已经关了。
不及物动词的过去分词与主语之间是主动关系， 表示主语的状态，只有完成的意义。
The happy time has been gone forever.
快乐幸福的时光一去不复返了。
表感受
有一类过去分词已经形容词化，如delighted，excited，disappointed，astonished，excited，frightened，interested，puzzled，satisfied等，说明主语因为外部原因而产生某种情感或状态。
I was disappointed by the quality of the wine.
这酒的质量令我失望。
She is satisfied with her son’s progress.
她对她儿子的进步很满意。
过去分词短语作表语(系表结构)与被动语态的区别
表示的意义不同
系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。
The railway was opened to traffic last year.
这条铁路是去年通车的。
被动语态中的过去分词是动词，强调动作。
The gate to the garden was locked by the old man.
花园的门被老人锁上了。

过去分词短语作表语(系表结构)与被动语态的区别
所修饰的词不同
系表结构中的过去分词可以被very，too，so，that等词修饰。
The boy was so frightened that he didn’t move a step.这个孩子如此害怕以至于一动也不动。
被动语态中的过去分词多用greatly修饰。
I was greatly inspired by his speech.
他的演讲使得我大受鼓舞。
所带
状语
系表结构一般不用方式状语修饰。
The shop is closed.那家店铺关门了。
不同
被动语态句式中可以带有具体的状语或by短语作状语。
The shop is often closed at 6∶30.
那家店铺通常在6∶30关门。

【合作探究】 专题训练
Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday.
2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter.
3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students.
4．The electric wire is __________(break)．
5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam.
6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class.
7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution.
8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building.
9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)．
10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the _______frighten) sound.

Ⅱ.补全句子
1．一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。
The island,________________________________________________________________,
is easy to go to.
2．从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。
The rare fish，___________________________________________，has been returned to the sea.
3．于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。
Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
4．预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。
The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5．在四月份，成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。
In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud.
6．怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。
Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________.
7．我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。
I’m calling to enquire about the position ___________________________________________.
8．作为记者，在采访之前应首先决定报道什么事。
As a journalist you should first decide what events ______________________________ before you make some interviews.
9．很多受到调查的学生说他们是被迫练习钢琴的。
A great number of students ______________________________________said they were forced to practise the piano.
10．到目前为止，没有人认领在图书馆中发现的那笔钱。
So far nobody has claimed the money ______________________________________________.
11．对于早餐来说，他只喝种植在自己的农场里的新鲜水果榨来的果汁。
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____________________________________.
12．在政府的帮助下，那些受到地震灾害影响的人们搬到了新的居住地。
With the government’s aid，those _____________________________________ have moved to the new settlements.
13．女士们先生们，请坐好直到飞机完全停下为止。
Ladies and gentlemen，please ____________________________________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
14．他的信件中提到的这本书主要是关于英语文学方面的。
The book _____ is mainly about English literature.
15．位于太平洋西海岸的上海，以东方之珠而著称。
Shanghai，_______________________________________________ of the Pacific Ocean，is wellknown for its“the Oriental Pearl”．

【总结归纳】 What we learned today: _________________________________________________

【课后延伸】
1. 《南方新课堂》
2. 双语报B2版grammar focus, B3版 grammar quiz

参考答案
1、stolen 、found 2、dressed 3、written 4、broken 5、discouraged
6、honoured 7、polluted 8、being built 9、moved 10、frightened、frightening
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. joined to the mainland by a bridge 2. saved from the cooking pot
3. founded in 1911 4. selected from the whole country 5、stuck abroad
6、stuck abroad borrowed from the library 7、advertised in yesterday’s China Daily
8、to report 9、questioned 10、discovered in the library 11、grown on his own farm
12、affected by the earthquake 13、remain seated 14、referred to in his letter 15、located on the west coast

4