2012届高考英语-常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列(六).doc

2012届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（六）重点单词详解1expose vt. (常与to连用)暴露；使暴露；使曝光；揭露expose 可以用于引申，表示“使受(危险、风险等)”。exposed还常用作补足语。exposure n. 暴露；揭露1)You shouldnt _ the soldiers to unnecessary risks. 你不该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。2)Dont _ the film to light. 不要把胶片曝光。3)The boy hid himself behind the curtain, leaving his feet _.男孩藏在窗帘后面，露出双脚。【答案】1)expose2)expose3)exposed(1)单项填空Her youth and beauty will _ her to a lot of dangers.Aexpose Bexpand Cexpect Dexplode【答案与解析】Aexpose“使暴露”，常与to连用。 题意：她的年轻美貌将使她面临许多危险。expand “使膨胀；扩张”； expect “期待；盼望”； explode“爆炸”。(2)名校押题How did she get infected?Because she _ the viruses without any protection. Ahad exposed to Bexposed to Chad exposed Dhad been exposed to【答案与解析】Dbe exposed to“暴露在”，根据上文的get infected可知要用过去完成时。2remark n. 谈论；评论；言论；评述 vt. & vi. 评论；说起；谈及remarkable adj. 值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的 remarkably adv. 不寻常地；突出地remark on / upon 评论；谈论 1)That _ was intended as a joke. 那句话本来只是个玩笑。2)Dont make / pass rude _ about his appearance. 不要对他的外貌胡乱品评。3)Everyone _ _ his absence. 人人对他的缺席都评论了一番。4)The editor _ _ article was well written. 编辑说那篇文章写得很好。【答案】1)remark2)remarks3)remarked on4)remarked thatremark和state用法辨析remark 所表示的“说话”含有评论性的意思。state 是指把某件事情详细地陈述出来。(1)用remark和state填空1)It is rude to _ upon the appearance of other people.2)The busmen have _ that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. 【答案】1)remark2)stated(2)名校押题In your scientific lecture, you should _ your findings in logical order and clear language.Aremark Braise Cpresent Dput【答案与解析】C题意：在你的科学讲座中，你应该按逻辑顺序并用清晰的语言介绍你的发现。remark “评论”； raise “举起；抚养”； present “介绍；展示”； put “放置”。3classify vt. 分类；归类；编排 vi. 属于类be classified into 被分类为classified adj. 分类的；机密的classification n. 分类；类别classified advertisements 分类广告classify sb / sth as sth 划分；界定1)People who work in libraries spend a lot of time _ books. 图书馆工作人员花大量时间为书籍分类。2)She _ as one of the greatest actresses of our times. 她可以列为我们这个时代最伟大的女演员之一。【答案】1)classifying2)classifies(1)完成句子In modern society, people _ _ _ (分类) their economic level.【答案】are classified by(2)名校押题In a library books are usually _ by subjects.Aclassified Bdefined Cseparated Dgoverned【答案与解析】A题意：在图书馆里，书通常按照科目分类。classify“分类”，符合题意。define “给下定义；明确”； govern “统治；控制”； separate “分开；隔离”。4appoint vt. 任命；委派；指定；决定appointed adj. 指定的；决定的appointment n. 任命；任用；约定；预约1)They _ him (to be) manager. 他们任命他为经理。2)We must _ someone to act as secretary. 我们得指定一个人当秘书。3)The time _ for the meeting was 10：30. 规定开会的时间是10点30分。4)Our visitors arrived at the _ time. 我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。5)His promotion to manager was a popular _. 他升任经理是众望所归的。6)I have an _ with them in the evening. 今晚我与他们有个约会。【答案】1)appointed2)appoint3)appointed4)appointed5)appointment6)appointment(1)翻译句子老师任命他为班长。_【答案】The teacher appoints him (to be) monitor.(2)名校押题Its said that no decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.Awill be made Bis made Cis being made Dhas been made【答案与解析】A根据语境可知，决定还没有做出，故用将来时的被动语态。题意：据说，直到所有的选手都经过面试，才能最后决定未来的任命人选。5distribute vt. 分发；分布；散布常用结构：distribute sth to / among sb 分发/分配某事物1)They _ those books _ their students. 他们把那些书分给了学生。2)The mother _ candy _ children. 母亲给孩子们发糖果。3)Those students _ _ _ three classes. 那些学生被分为三个班。【答案】1)distributed; to2)distributed; among 3)were distributed intodistribute, divide和assign用法辨析distribute 侧重指“分配；分发”。divide 强调把整体分成若干部分，常指平均分配。assign 指有权威的人根据一定的原则/计划把工作/任务分配给某人或把某人分派到某工作岗位。(1)用distribute, divide和assign填空1)All 25 cans of milk have been _ among the persons present. 所有25听牛奶都分给在场的人了。2)Even though I put up more capital than you, lets _ the profits between us. 虽然我比你多出了资本，我们还是平分利润吧。3)Two soldiers were _ to guard the gate. 两名士兵被派去守卫大门。【答案】1)distributed2)divide3)assigned(2)名校押题The doctors_ the medicines to the people in the flood area.Adistinguished Bdistrusted Cdistributed Ddisturbed【答案与解析】C题意：医生们向洪水灾区的人们发放药品。distinguish “区分”； distrust “不信任”； distribute “分发”； disturb “打扰”。6imagination n. 想象；想象力have the imagination to do sth 有做某事的想象力/机智catch ones imagination 吸引某人的兴趣leave sth to sbs imagination 把某物留给某人去想象imagine doing sth 想象做某事imagine sb doing sth 想象某人做某事imagine oneself to do sth 想象某人自己做某事imagine that / why / what / how 想象1)Her talk _ _ _ of the whole class.她的谈话吸引了全班的同学。2)_ _ _， I thought I heard her calling me. 我在想象中彷佛听到她在呼唤我。3)Can you _ what it would be like to live without electricity? 你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？4)She _ _ _ the office and telling everyone what she thought of them. 她想象自己走进办公室， 对每个人都说出自己对他们的看法。【答案】1)caught the imagination2)In my imagination 3)imagine4)imagined walking into(1)用imagination的适当的形式填空1)Is it my _ or have you lost a lot of weight?2)Their policies have really caught the publics _.3)I cant _ living anywhere but England.4)Can you _ yourself to live with such a boring man?【答案】1) imagination2)imagination3)imagine4)imagine(2)名校押题No one can imagine the difficulty he had _ his son to get rid of the habit of playing computer games.Apersuaded Bto persuade Cpersuading Dpersuade【答案与解析】C考查动词词组的用法。 Have difficulty (in) doing sth “做某事有困难”；he had作difficulty的后置定语。题意：没人能想象得出他在说服他的儿子摆脱玩电脑游戏的习惯时所遇到的困难。7Leave vi.&vt. 离开；留下；遗忘leave sb doing 让某人做leave sth doing 让某事被做leave for 离开去某地leave sb alone leave one by oneself 把某人独自留下leave off 停止；不继续leave behind 忘记带leave out 遗漏；排除ask for a leave 请假1)This morning when I _ _ school, I _ my dictionary at home. 今天早上我上学时把字典忘在家里了。2)He _ _ _ in the rain for a long time. 他让我在雨中等了很长时间。3)What are you going to do after _ _？你毕业后打算干什么？4)Youve _ _ the most important word in this sentence.你在这一句中漏掉了一个最重要的词。【答案】1)left for; left2)left me waiting3)leaving school4)left outleave和forget用法辨析：leave 和forget两者都可以表示“遗忘”，区别是leave一般和表示地点的状语连用，而forget不能和表示地点的状语连用。(1)用leave的相关短语填空1)He _ and _ a lot of things undone.2)Tomorrow Im _ _ Tianjin.3)The couple were both abroad on business. They _ their son _.4)Im not feeling well, so I want to _ _ _ _.【答案】1) left; left2)leaving for3)left; alone 4)ask for a leave(2)名校押题By the time Jane gets home, her aunt_ for London to attend a meeting. Awill leave Bleaves Cwill have left Dleft【答案与解析】C考查动词时态。 题意：到Jane回到家的时候，她婶婶可能已经去London 参加会议了。由前面分句可知，主句要使用将来完成时态。8purpose n. 目的；意图；效果；结果for the purpose / aim of 为的是；为了起见；为了目的on purpose 故意；有意地with the purpose of 目的是；带着的目的1)He has been annoying me and I think he is doing it _ _.他一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样做的。2)I met him _ _ _ _ telling him the news.我是为了告诉他这个消息才见他的。3)We have found a meeting place that will serve our _.我们找到了一个很合适的会址。4)Our campaigns main _ is to raise money.我们这次活动的主要目的就是筹款。【答案】1)on purpose2)for the purpose of3)purpose 4)purpose知识拓展：by design 故意地by accident 偶然地；无意地by chance 偶然地；意外地(1)用purpose的相关短语填空1)Did you come to London _ _ _ _ seeing your family, or for the business purpose?2)She seems to do these things _ _.3)He went to town _ _ _ _ buying a new television.【答案】1)for the purpose of2)on purpose3)with the purpose of (2)名校押题They pulled down the old buildings for the_of making room for the newly-built motorway.Apurpose Bmeaning Cface Duse【答案与解析】A考查常用词组。题意：为了给新建的机动车道腾出地方，他们推倒了那些旧的建筑。For the purpose of“为了目的”，是固定短语。9Valuable adj. 贵重的；值钱的；有价值的value n. 价值；重要性 v. 评价；估价；尊重；重视values n. 价值观invaluable adj. 非常宝贵的valueless adj. 无价值的be of great value 有巨大价值value sth at. 估计值多少钱1)Dont lose this ringits very _ .别把戒指弄丢了这戒指特别贵重。2)While it is _ for children to have individual responsibilities, it is also good to share jobs with them.让孩子们负起个人的责任固然重要，而和他们共同完成任务也很好。3)Youll find this map _ in helping you to get around London.你会发现这张地图对帮助你在伦敦四处游览大有用处。4)It is _ to get angry over such a trifle.不值得为这点小事生气。【答案】1)valuable2)valuable3)valuable4)valueless(1)用value的相关短语填空1)Joyce gave us a lot of _ advice when we first started the company.2)The book will _ _ _ _ to the students of English.3)I _my friendship with my classmates more than anything else.4)At only $45 a night, the hotel _ _ _ _ _.【答案】1)valuable2)be of great value3)valued 4)is great value for money(2)名校押题The twelve animalhead statues are _， for they are our national art treasures. Avalueless Binvaluable Cworthless Duseful【答案与解析】B考查形容词词义辨析。 题意：十二生肖头像非常珍贵，因为它们是我们国家的艺术瑰宝。 Valueless“无价值的”； invaluable“非常珍贵的”； worthless“无价值的；毫无意义的”； useful“有用的”。10mercy n. 怜悯；宽恕；仁慈have mercy on sb 同情某人show mercy to sb 对某人表示怜悯at the mercy of 任由的摆布beg mercy of sb 祈求某人宽恕1)We were _ _ _ _ the weather.我们拿天气毫无办法。2)The passerby _ _ _ _ the poor boy.过路人对这个可怜的男孩一点都不同情。3)We should punish the criminals _ _.我们应毫不留情地惩罚罪犯。4)He _ _ _ the king.他祈求国王的宽恕。【答案】1)at the mercy of2)showed no mercy to 3)without mercy4)begged mercy of(1)用mercy的相关短语填空1)The rich _ _ _ _ the poor.2)The king _ _ _ and killed all the people.3)They were lost at the sea, _ _ _ _ the storm.4)The play was very bad, but _ it was also short!【答案】1)have no mercy on2)showed no mercy3)at the mercy of4)mercifully(2)名校押题Until the start of the Industrial Revolution, mankind was poor, hungry, and constantly at the _ of disease and natural disasters.Apower Blimit Ccontrol Dmercy【答案与解析】D考查词组辨析。题意：直到工业革命时，人类都很贫穷、饥饿，而且一直处于疾病和自然灾难的摆布之下。at the mercy of “任由的摆布”。重点短语详解1in a way 在某种程度上in the way挡道；妨碍别人in this way 用这种方法all the way一路上；自始至终on the way在路上by the way顺便说1)_ _ _， you could say that everybody is selfish a little. 在某种意义上，你可以说每个人都是有点自私的。2)_ _ _， I would prefer that they didnt come because it would mean extra work.在某种程度上我不希望他们来，因为这将意味着额外的工作。【答案】1)In a way2)In a way(1)用way短语填空1)The grass land goes back _ _ _to the foot of the mountain.2)_ _ _， would you please send these postcards for me on the way?3)_ _ _， he finally completed the whole distance in 40 hours.【答案】1)all the way2)By the way3)In this way(2)名校押题Hearing the good news, the little girls ran _ home.Ain the way Bon the way Cby the way Dall her way【答案与解析】Drun all the way home“一直跑回家”。2come across 遇到；碰见come about 发生；引起come out 出版；出来come to 来到；合计；总共是；苏醒过来come to an end 结束come up with 赶上；提出1)I _ _ _ _ _ _ in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。2)Perhaps I shall_ _ _ somewhere in the park. 也许我会在公园的某个地方遇到他。3)You are the most direct young man _ _ _ _. 你是我所遇见的最直率的年轻人。【答案】1)came across an old school friend2)come across him3)Ive ever come across (1)完成句子1)你怎么两天后才告诉他这件事情呢？How did it _ _ that you didnt tell it to him until two days later? 2)我想知道你的新书何时出版。I want to know when your new book will _ _。 3)科学家正绞尽脑汁，力求找到解决这个问题的办法。The scientists are beating their brains trying to _ _ _ a solution to the problem. 【答案】1)come about2)come out3)come up with (2)名校押题Do you know him?No. Ive never remembered having _ a man like that.Acome across Bcome outCcome about Dcome up【答案与解析】A come across“碰到；遇见”。答语题意：不，我不记得曾遇见过像这样一个人。3count on 依赖；指望count on depend oncount down 倒计时count off 报数；报出数字count out 不算在内；除外1)Thanks. Ill be _ _you. 谢谢。一切都要靠你了。2)That was the only thing they could _ _. 那是他们唯一能够依靠的东西。3)We can always _ _ him for help in any emergency. 我们总能指望他在紧急的情况下帮助我们。【答案】1)counting on2)count on3)count on(1)单项填空I think we can _Mr White to support us.Acount down Bcount out Ccount off Dcount on【答案与解析】D考查动词短语的辨析。count on “依靠；依赖”。(2)名校押题In our modern society, more and more people depend on computers_problems of various kinds.Ato solve Bsolve Csolving Dto solving【答案与解析】A该题为“depend on sth to do sth”结构，意为“依靠做某事”。4hold up 举起；阻挡；使停止；使停顿；阻 hold back keep back 抑制hold down 保有(一份工作)；压抑；压低；控制 hold off 保持距离；不接近；拖延hold on (打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂 hold out 给予；提供；支持；继续；坚持；忍耐 1)The chair was too weak _ _ _. 这椅子不牢，承受不住你。2)The sad mother _ _ her sadness for her childrens sake. 这位伤心的母亲为了孩子们在控制自己的情绪。3)We_ _ _ for nearly an hour _ _ _by the traffic accident. 我们在路上被交通事故耽搁近一个小时。4)His son _ _ _ _a model of hard work. 他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样。5)No one can _ _ the wheel of history. 谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。 6)Could you _ _？ Ill just see if the managers in. 你不要挂断电话好吗？我去看一看经理在不在。【答案】1)to hold you up2)held back3)were held up; on our way4)was held up as5)hold back6)hold on(1)用hold短语的适当形式填空1)Dont worry. The house will _ _.2)They _ _ _by fog. 3)How long will our food supplies _ _？ 4)They will _ _their decision until Monday.5)You should learn to _ _your anger.【答案】1)hold up2)were held up3)hold out 4)hold off5)hold back(2)名校押题1) _a moment and I will go to your rescue.AGo on BHold on CMove on DCarry on【答案与解析】B考查动词短语辨析。go on“继续”；hold on“抓住不放；坚持”；move on“继续前进”；carry on“继续进行”。根据后句的“I will go to your rescue”可知，这里应是“坚持住，别松手”。2) There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. Atook up Bbrought back Ckept back Dheld up【答案与解析】Dtake up“开始从事； 占用”；bring back“拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复”；keep back“落在后面”；hold up“使停止；使停顿；阻碍”。5figure out 算出；想出；理解figure of speech