高中英语短文改错之冠词错误.doc

冠词错误一、冠词残缺（一）缺少不定冠词a/an单数可数泛指某一不确定的人或事物，应加不定冠词a/an。单数名词有形容词修饰的，冠词放在形容词前面，而非名词前面。冠词后的名词或者形容词首音为辅音的，加a；单词首音为元音的，加an。注意：有些单词首字母是元音字母，但首音并不发元音的，其前的不定冠词要用a。如：university, useful, usual,Europe(首音均发半元音j）, one（首音为w）有些单词首字母是辅音字母，但首音却发元音的，其前的不定冠词an。如：hour, honest, honorable, unusual、冠词后的名词前有形容词的情形（此种情形由于被分割，很容易忽略，考得也最多）：（2013O1）It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.（2010O2）In other words, we would be separated long time. （2007O2）I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things I m doing at school, but the bell was ringing, so I just have to stop here.（2005O3）I hope youvehad pleasant journey home and will come to Chinaagain sometimes in the future. （2002O2）As everyone knows. its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animal.（2000春）Ill take this chance wish you wonderful time on your birthday.、冠词后的名词前无形容词的情形：If youd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. （2004O2）Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as fool. （2010O1）There was Uncle Chen, gentleman livingnear my house, who was a very much famous writer.、注意固定词组中的冠词不能缺少。（2014N1） As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 4. 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如： He is such (an) honest boy that all of us like him. This is so good (a) book that I read it again. 5. 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如： Dont hurry. There is (a) little time left. 6. many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many (a) man has tried it before. 7. 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如： Its (a) famous Chinese tea. There was (a) heavy rain last night. 8. 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)的人”时，用 a (an), 如： He wished to be (a) Lei Feng. (A) Mr Wang called you up just now. （二）缺少定冠词the1. 特指某一个人或者事物，特指某一些人或事物（即说话者和听话者都知道的人或者事物），名词前须用定冠词the加以限定。考试题中的特指线索：一是前文已提到过的人或者事物，二是已有专有名词修饰。但若名词前已有等限定词或者修饰语时，则不能再加定冠词了。特指某一个人或者事物：（2013O2）As a result, nobody knew truth. （2013N2）This custom soon becomes another meal of day（2009O2）Just before I turned corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident. （2008O2）Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games. （1998） Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.特指某一些人或者事物：（2011O1）One of my unforgettable memory of my school inXinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes.2. “形容词比较级 + of the two”前必须用 the。如： He is (the) better one of the two. 二、冠词多余1. 在一些固定短语或者词组中，有些名词即使是可数名词，其前面也没有不定冠词。这可能是由于习惯使然。(NMET 2000)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.(2013年NI)In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with。2. 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)3. 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train4.表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis5.由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park6.在一些固定搭配中。如：at the first, at the last, the most of us7. most 作“非常”解时，前面用 the 是多余的。如：Oh! Its the most beautiful!She is the most diligent.8. 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如：the May Day, the Womens Day, the National day, the New Years Day9. 在“名词 + as / though”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：a child as he is / a fool as he is三、错词：不定冠词和定冠词之间的误用在短文中首次的单数可数名词，泛指一个事物时，须用不定冠词a。An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.前文已提到过的人或者事物, 须有定冠词the加以限定。Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water.已有same修饰的名词，须有定冠词the加以限定。We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.四、冠词和代词、数词之间的误用My teacher advised me to keep my diary.（keep a diary 是一个固定词组，“记日记”；而keep my diary意思是“保留我的日记”）Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.（oneanother也是固定搭配，二者往往成对出现。）真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指) (全国卷)(3) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the，因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指) (全国卷)(4) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷)(5) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the，因health 表泛指) (全国卷)(6) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全国卷)(7) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the，因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)(8) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an，因 American 的读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(9) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the，captain 为特指) (全国卷)(10) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改为 one，one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个另一个”) (全国卷)(11) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)(12) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a，catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”) (全国卷)(13) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). (去掉 the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)(14) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为 the，因 same 前应用定冠词) (全国卷)(15) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是单数可数名词) (全国卷)(16) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改为 a diary，keep a diary 意为“写日记”) (全国卷)(17) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a，因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)(18) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)(19) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the，因这是特指的一场火灾) (福建卷)(20) As we all left home at early age, (early前加an，at an early age意为“在年幼时”) (天津卷)(21) My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改为cook，比较：cook=炊事员，cooker=炊具) (江苏卷)模拟单句演练(1) Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.(2) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.(3) It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.(4) My friend Mary comes from an European country.(5) Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.(6) In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.(7) Only few of the children can read such books.(8) For long time neither of us spoke to each other.(9) Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.(10) Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.(11) She asked whether we came from a same city.(12) The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.(13) You dont know what wonderful time weve had.(14) People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.(15) Soon the plane was out of the sight.(16) Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.(17) In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.(18) You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it.少冠词1. This is so important meeting that everyone must attend it.2. The meeting turned out to be failure.3. I will call on Greens this evening.4. In 1980s, many farmers rushed into the cities to try their luck.5. She is more beautiful of the twins.6. Please pass me pen on the desk.7. I found a notebook and pencil when the door opened.8. What he wanted to do at that time was to have big dinner.9. What wonderful time you had at the party!10. We went to Summer Palace yesterday.()冠词模拟单句演练【参考答案】(1) nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 为可数名词。(2) such 后加 a，dinner 受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。(3) a 改为 an，因 umbrella 的读音以元音开头。(4) an 改为 a，因 European 的读音不是以元音开头。(5) physics 前加 a，因 teacher 为可数名词。(6) small 前加 a，因 village 为可数名词，在句中表泛指。(7) few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修饰，即习惯上说 only a few。(8) long 前加 a，a long time 意为“很长一段时间”。(9) a 改为 the，此处为特指用法。(10) 第二个 A 改为 The，特指前面已提到的事物。(11) a 改为 the，因 same 前习惯上用定冠词，不用不定冠词。(12) 去掉 the，在此 snow 为泛指用法。(13) wonderful 前加 a，因 have a wonderful time 为习惯表达。(14) 去掉 the，因 make fun of 为习语，意为“取笑”。(15) 去掉 the，因 out of sight 为习语，意为“看不见”。(16) 去掉 the，因 take place为习语，意为“发生”。(17) the 改为 a，因 in a word 为习语，意为“总之”、“一句话”。(18) 去掉 the，因 in other words 为习语，意为“换句话说”。少冠词解析：1. meeting 前加不定冠词a。2. failure 前加不定冠词a。当failure表具体所指时，应加a。3. Greens前加定冠词the。the Greens表“格林一家”。4. 1980s前加定冠词the。年代前面要加the。5. more 前加the。当比较范围比较明确时，需加定冠词the。6. pen 前加the。表特指。7. pencil 前加a。notebook和pencil为并列成份。后面的不定冠词不能省略。8. big 前加a。dinner习惯上不加冠词。但当dinner前面有修饰词限定时，要加a。9. wonderful 前面要加a。10. Summer Palace 前加the。 the Summer Palace(颐和园)为固定搭配。10