2015高考英语名词性从句的写作.doc

第五周　名词性从句的写作

名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、名词性从句的关联词
了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键。引导名词性从句的关联词的分类、词义和用法见下表：

类别
词义
在从句中的作用
连接词：that
无任何

词义
仅起连接作用，不作成分

连接词：whether, if
是否
起连接作用，不作成分
连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever
有各自含义
起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语
连接副词：how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever
有各自含义
起连接作用，并在从句中作状语

[名师指津]
表语从句还可由as if，as though，because等词引导。
I think that it's our duty to help parents do some housework.(2013·陕西高考满分作文)
我认为帮助父母做家务是我们的职责。
This is how I am thinking about the picture.(2013·北京高考满分作文)
我就是这样看待这幅画的。
I know that it is because I don't spend much time memorizing them after class.(2013·四川高考满分作文)
我知道是因为我在课后没有花大量时间记忆它们。
[即时演练]　用适当的关联词填空
1．I am wondering whether you can help me sell some.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
2．By the way, do you know what they stand for？(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
3．I sincerely hope that you will give me a chance and please believe that I will be a good vice president.(2013·天津高考满分作文)
4．Personally speaking, I don't think what these parents do is helpful to their children.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
5．One day, she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.(2013·湖南高考满分作文)

二、名词性从句的写法
和定语从句一样，名词性从句也是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时同样可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①He said a lot at the meeting.
②His words were very attractive.
第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即what he said at the meeting。
第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。
What he said at the meeting were very attractive.
[即时演练]　把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句
1．When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.
The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.
2．This is my decision. All of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o'clock_tomorrow_morning.
3．Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.
The_news_that_our_women_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.
4．We should practise oral English for an hour every day. That was our rule.
We_made_it_a_rule_that_we_should_practise_oral_English_for_an_hour_every_day.
5．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.
Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.

三、it作形式主语或形式宾语的高级句型
1．it作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that ...
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/one's desire等)＋that ...
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that ...
(4)It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)＋that ...
(5)It doesn't matter who/whether/if ...
It's our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.(2013·重庆高考满分作文)
我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，还能提供一些实用的建议。
2．it作形式宾语的常用句型
(1)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
(2)有些动词(短语)带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词(短语)主要有：hate, like, owe, have, appreciate, see to等。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。
[即时演练]　用it作形式主语或形式宾语翻译句子
1．他来不来参加这个会议无关紧要。
It_doesn't_matter_whether_he_comes_to_the_meeting_or_not.
2．你错过了一场这么好的报告真是可惜。
It_is_a_pity_that_you_missed_such_a_good_lecture.
3．如果你能教我如何用电脑，我将不胜感激。
I'd_appreciateit_if_you_could_teach_me_how_to_use_the_computer.

[综合演练提升]　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．我为自己在爸爸不在家时的表现感到自豪。
I took pride in what_I_had_done in the absence of my father.(2013·北京高考满分作文)
2．我在想你是否能够到机场去接他。
I am wondering whether_you_can_pick_him_up at the airport.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
3．据报道，大约30名至少18岁的志愿者将从世界各地被选出来于2015年前奔赴火星。
It's_reported_that about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to the Mars by the year of 2015.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
4．如果你们能以每个10美元的价格卖这些中国结，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it_if_you_could_sell_the_knots_for_10_dollars_each.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关Andy的英语短文，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。
1．大家都知道Andy是位有名的作家，但没有人知道她来自何处，而且她是否出生于1961年仍然是个谜。
2．大家对她了解的是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些急需钱的人。
3．Andy很慷慨而且乐于助人，但有些人认为她想出名。
4．Andy说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她只是想做自己认为正确的事。
5．我认为那就是生命意义之所在。
参考范文：
Everyone knew that Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew where she came from and whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. What they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn't understand why they were so narrow­minded, but it didn't matter what others would think of her. She just wanted to do what she thought was right.
I think that is where the meaning of life lies.