激辩风云最后辩论(soul).doc

Resolved:Civil disobedience is a moral
辩题：消极抵抗是
weapon in the fight for justice.
维护正义的道德武器。
A-The affirmative(square) —— 正方
A1-Mr.James Farmer詹姆士·法默二世
A2-Miss Samantha Booke萨曼莎·布可小姐
B-The negative(opposition)
B1 B2

A1： Resolved:Civil disobedience is a
辩题：消极抵抗是
moral weapon in the fight for justice.
维护正义的道德武器。
But how can disobedience ever be moral? Well,I
但是抵抗怎么能是道德呢？
guess that depends on one’s definition of the
我想，那就取决于这些词汇的定义了。
words.Word.In 1919,in India,10,000 people gathered in
这个词。1919年，在印度，一万人在阿密萨集会，
In Amritsar to protest the tyranny of British rule.
抗议英国的暴君统治。
General Reginal Dyer trapped them in a courtyard and
雷吉诺·戴尔将军将他们困在一个院子里
ordered tor fire into the crowd for ten minutes.397
然后让军队往人群开枪十分钟。
died,men,women,children.Shot down in cold blood.Dyer
397人死亡，男人，女人，孩子。被残酷杀害。
said he had taught them a moral lesson.Gandhi and his
戴尔说他给他们上了一堂道德课。甘地与他的
followers responded not with violence,but with an
追随者没有用暴力反抗
organized campaign of non-cooperation.Government
而是一个组织好的不合作活动
buildings were occupied.Streets were blocked with
政府大楼被占领，道路被不愿起身的人们堵死
people who refused to rise,even when beaten by
甚至被警察殴打也坚持着
police.Gandhi was arrested,but the British were soon
甘地被逮捕了，但是很快英国人被迫
forced to release him.He called it a moral victory.The
释放了他。 他说这是道德的胜利
definition of moral:Dyer’s lesson or Gandhi’s
道德的定义：戴尔的课还是甘地的胜利？
victory ? You choose.你来选。

B1: Form 1914 to 1918,for every single minute the world
从1914年到1918年，世界在战火中的每一分钟
was at war,four men laid down their lives.Just think of 四个人倒下 想想吧
it,240 brave young men were hurled into eternity every
四年内的每一个白天，每一个晚上的每一个小时，240个
hour of every day,of every night,for four long
勇敢的生命都坠入永恒的沉睡。
years.35,000 hours.8,281,000 casualties.240...240...
35000小时，8281000伤亡 240...240..
240. ..Here was a slaughter ,immeasurably greater than
240...这是一个屠杀，比在阿密萨规模大无数倍的屠杀。
what happened at Amritsar.Can there be anything moral
有何道德可言吗？
about it? Nothing...except that it stopped Germany
没有...除了这让德国奴役欧洲的计划
form enslaving all of Europe.Civil disobedience is not
完全破产 消极抵抗并非因为是非暴力
moral because it’s non-violent.Fighting for your
而成为道德的 为你的国家奋力杀敌
country with violence can be deeply moral,demanding the
可以是非常道德的， 这要求
greatest sacrifice of all: life itself. Non-violence
最高程度的牺牲：生命。 非暴力
is the mask civil disobedience wears to conceal its true
是消极合作所佩戴的面具用以遮掩它的真实面目：
face :anarchy.
无政府正义。

A2: Gandhi believes one must always act with love and
甘地相信一个人必须对他的对手充满爱与敬意
respect for one’s opponents,even if they are Harvard
即使他们是哈佛的辩手
debaters.Gandhi also believes that lawbreakers must
甘地也相信犯法之人必须
accept the legal consequences for their action.Dose
接受他们行为的后果
that sound like anarchy? Civil disobedience is not
这是无政府主义吗？ 消极抵抗不是
something for us to fear.It is,after all,an American
我们应该恐惧的东西。 不管怎样，它都是源自美国的思想
concept.You see,Gandhi draws his inspiration not form
你看，甘地受到的影响并不是来自于印度教经典，
a Hindu scripture,but form Henry David Thoreau,who I
而是来自亨利·大卫·梭罗
believe graduated form Harvard and lived by a pond not
我相信他是哈佛毕业的曾经住在离这里不远的小池塘边。
too far form here.

B2: My opponent is right about one thing.Thoreau was
对方辩友一件事说对了。梭罗是哈佛毕业生
a Harvard grad,and,like many of us,a bit self-righteous
也像我们大多数人一样，有点自以为是。
.He once said,“Any man more right than his neighbors
他说过，“任何比邻居要更正确的人
constitutes a majority of one.”Thoreau idealist could
都构成一个人的大多数。”梭罗这个理想主义者可能永远
never know that Adolf Hitler would agree with his
不知希特勒会同意他的观点
words.The beauty and the burden of democracy is this:
民主之美及至重是：
no idea prevails without the support of the majority.
任何观点都需要大多数通过。
The people decide the moral issues of the day,not a
人民判断道德问题，而不是一个人的大多数。
majority of one.

A2: Majorities do not decide what is right or wrong.
大多数并不决定什么是对或错。
Your conscience dose.So why should a citizen surrender
你的良心决定这些。为什么一个市民要将他的良知
his or her conscience to a legislator? No,we must never,
交由立法者支配？不，我们永远不能，
ever kneel down before the tyranny of majority.
向一个大多数的暴政屈服。

B2: We can’t decide which laws to obey and which to
我们不能决定遵守或无视那部法律。
ignore.If we could...I’d never stop for a red light.
如果可以。。。红灯我就不停。
My father is one of those men that stands between us
我的父亲是一个站在我们与混乱之间的人：
and chaos: a police officer.I remember the day his
一个警察。我还记得那天他的搭档，他最好的朋友
partner,his best friend,was gunned down in the line of
因公而被杀。
duty.Most vividly of all,I remember the expression on
最生动的是，我记得爸爸脸上的表情
my dad’s face.Nothing that erodes the rule of law can
任何对法律的侵蚀都是不道德的
be moralno matter what name we give it.
不管它们的名字多么花哨。

A1: ...............In Texas...they lynch Negroes.My
。。。在德州。。。人们私刑处死黑人。
teammates and I saw a man strung up by his neck and set
我的队友与我看到一个男人在脖子处绑着吊起来然后被
on fire.We drove through a lynch mob,pressed our faces
烧死。 我们开过一群动私刑的暴民，我们把脸紧紧贴在
against the floorboard.I looked at my teammates.I saw
车子地板上。我看着我的队友。
the fear in their eyes...and worse...the shame.What was
他们眼中我看到了恐惧。。。更悲哀的是。我看到了羞耻。
this Negro’s crime that he should be hung,without
那个黑人犯了什么罪让他没有审判，
trial,in a dark forest filled with fog? Was he a thief?
在一个雾气弥漫的森林中直接被吊死？他是一个贼
Was he a killer? Or just a Negro? Was he a sharecropper?
是个杀人犯？还是只因为他是黑人？他是个佃户？
A preacher? Were his children waiting up for him? And
传道者？他的孩子在等着他吗？
who are we to just lie there and do nothing? No matter
我们躺着一动不动又成为了什么？
what he did, the mob was the criminal.But the law did
不管他做了什么，那群暴民才是罪犯。但是法律什么也没做，
nothing,just left us wondering why.My opponent says
让我们不禁思考。对方辩友说
nothing that erodes the rule of law can be moral. But
任何对法律的侵蚀都是不道德的
there is no rule of law in the Jim Crow South,not when
但是在施行种族隔离策略的南方没有法律，
Negroes are denied housing,turned away form schools,
至少在黑人被拒绝居住权的时候没有法律，在被学校、
hospital,and not when we are lynched. St.Augustine said, 医院拒收的时候，在我们被私刑处死的时候，没有法律。
“An unjust law is no law at all,”which means I have
圣奥古斯丁说，“一个不公正的法律就是没有法律，”
a right,even a duty,to resist...with violence or civil
这意味着我有权利，甚至责任，去用暴力。。。或者消极来
disobedience..........You should pray I choose the
抵抗。。。你们应该庆幸我选择了后者。
latter................