海上风电的基本术语(中英文对照).ppt

Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,Input Your Topic,3.1 co-directional(wind and waves),同向（风和浪）,acting in the same direction,作用在同一方向,3.2 Current,水流,a flow of water past a fixed location usually described in terms of a current speed and direction,经过一个固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述,Offshore windpower t,erms and definitions,海上风电的基本术语,3.3 design wave,设计波浪,deterministic wave with a defined height,period and direction,used for the design of an offshorestructure.A design wave may be accompanied by a requirement for the use of a particular periodicwave theory,用于海上结构物的设计，具有指定高度、周期和方向的确定性波浪。设计波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理论,3.4 designer,设计方,party or parties responsible for the design of an offshore wind turbine,负责海上风力发电机组设计的一方或多方,3.5 environmental conditions,环境条件,characteristics of the environment(wind,waves,sea currents,water level,sea ice,marine growth,scour and overall seabed movement,etc.)which may affect the wind turbine behaviour,可能影响风力发电机组性能的环境特性（如风、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、冲刷和整体海床运动等,3.6 external conditions(wind turbines),外部条件（风力发电机组）factors affecting operation of an offshore wind turbine,including the environmental conditions,theelectrical network conditions,and other climatic factors(temperature,snow,ice,etc.)影响海上风力发电机组运行的因素，包括环境条件、电网条件和其他气候因素（如温度、降雪、结冰等等）,3.7 extreme significant wave height,极端有效波高expected value of the highest significant wave height,averaged over 3 hours,with an annual probability,3.8 extreme wave height,极端波高,expected value of the highest individual wave height(generally the zero up-crossing wave height)withan annual probability of exceedance of 1/N(“recurrence period”:N years),最高单个波高的期望值（通常为向上跨越零点的波高），超过这个期望值的年概率为,1/N,（“重复周期”：,N,年）,3.9 fast ice cover,固定冰盖,a rigid continuous cover of ice not in motion,静止状态下的连续刚性冰覆盖层,3.10 fetch,风距,distance over which the wind blows constantly over the sea with approximately constant wind speedand direction,风以近似恒定的风速和风向持续地吹过海面所经过的距离,3.11 foundation,基础,part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which transfers the loads acting on the structure intothe seabed.Different foundation concepts are shown in Figure 1 together with the other parts of an offshore wind turbine.,海上风力发电机组的支撑结构的组成部分，能将作用在结构上的载荷传递到海床上。不同类型的海上风力发电机组基础以及其它部分如图,1,所示。,3.12 highest astronomical tide,最高天文潮,highest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions.Storm surges,which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular,are superimposed on the tidal variations,so that a total still water level abovehighest astronomical tide may occur.,在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以预测的最高静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能高于最高天文潮。,3.13 hub height(wind turbines),轮毂高度（风力发电机组）,height of the centre of the swept area of the wind turbine rotor above the mean sea level,风力发电机风轮掠扫面积的中心点距离平均海平面的高度,3.14 load effect,载荷效应,effect of a single load or combination of loads on a structural component or system,e.ginternal,force,stress,strain,motion etc.,单个载荷或者组合载荷对某个结构部件或整个系统产生的影响，例如内力、应力、应变、移动等等,3.15 hummocked ice,冰丘,crushed ice and ice floes piled up into ridges when large ice floes meet with each other or with a rigid obstacle,e.g.an offshore wind turbine support structure,大块浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者坚硬的障碍物（例如海上风力发电机组的支撑结构）时，碎冰和浮冰堆积形成的冰丘。,3.16 ice floe,浮冰,a sheet of ice in size from meters to several kilometers,not rigidly frozen to a shore,still or in motion,大小从几米到几千米的片状冰块，与岸边冻得不是很结实，可能静止不动也可能在漂移,3.17 icing,结冰,build-up of a cover of ice or frost on parts of an offshore wind turbine that can result in added loads and/or changed properties,在海上风力发电机组的某些组成部分上形成的冰层或霜冻，这可能引起额外载荷和,/,或改变特性,3.18 lowest astronomical tide,最低天文潮,lowest still water level that can be expected to occur under any combination of astronomical conditions and under average meteorological conditions.Storm surges,which are meteorologically generated and essentially irregular,are superimposed on the tidal variations,so that a total still water level belowlowest astronomical tide may occur.,在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以被预测的最低静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能低于最低天文潮。,3.19 manufacturer,制造商,party or parties responsible for the manufacture and construction of an offshore wind turbine,负责海上风力发电机组的制造和生产的一方或多方,3.20 marine conditions,海洋条件,characteristics of the marine environment(waves,sea currents,water level,sea ice,marine growth,seabed movement and scour,etc.)which may affect the wind turbine behaviour,可能影响风力发电机组性能的海洋环境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床运动和冲刷等）,3.21 marine growth,海生物,surface coating on structural components caused by plants,animals and bacteria,由动植物和细菌引起的结构部件表面上的覆盖物,3.22 mean sea level,平均海平面,average level of the sea over a period of time long enough to remove variations due to waves,tides and storm surges,在能够消除海浪、潮汐和风暴潮所引起的变化的足够长的一段时间内，海平面的的平均水平,3.23 mean zero crossing period,平均跨零周期,average period of the zero-crossing(up or down)waves in a sea state,在某个海况下，海浪跨越零点（向上或向下）的平均周期,3.24 metocean,海洋气象,abbreviation of meteorological and oceanographic,是单词“气象的”（,meteorological,）和“海洋学的”（,oceanographic,）的缩写,3.25 multi-directional(wind and/or wave),多方向（风和,/,或海浪）,a distribution of directions,方向的分布,3.26 offshore wind turbine,海上风力发电机组,a wind turbine with a support structure which is subject to hydrodynamic loading,支撑结构承受水动力载荷的风力发电机组,3.27 offshore wind turbine site,海上风力发电场场址,the location or intended location of an individual offshore wind turbine either alone or within a wind farm,单台海上风力发电机组或者是整个海上风电场的位置或者拟定位置,3.28 pile penetration,桩贯入深度,vertical distance from the sea floor to the bottom of the pile,从海底面到桩底部的垂直距离,3.29 power collection system(wind turbines),电力汇集系统（风力发电机组）,electric system that collects the power from one or more wind turbines.It includes all electricalequipment connected between the wind turbine terminals and the network connection point.Foroffshore wind farms,the power collection system may include the connection to shore.,从一台或多台风力发电机组汇集电能的电力系统。它包括从风力发电机端口到电网接入点之间的所有电气设备。对于海上风力发电场，电力汇集系统还可能包括与岸上电力系统的连接。,3.30 reference period,参考周期,period during which stationarity is assumed for a given stochastic process,for example wind speed,sea elevation or response,在此周期内，假设给定的随机过程保持稳定，例如风速、海平面上升或者响应,3.31 refraction,绕射,process by which wave energy is redistributed as a result of changes in the wave propagation velocitydue to variations in water depth and/or current velocity,由于水深和,/,或流速的改变将造成波浪传播速度的变化，由此引起波浪能量重新分布的过程,3.32 residual currents,余流,the components of a current other than tidal current.The most important is often the storm surgecurrent,除去潮汐流剩下的海流。主要指风暴潮引起的海流,3.33 rotor nacelle assembly,风轮,-,机舱组件,part of an offshore wind turbine carried by the support structure,refer Figure 1,海上风力发电机组中由支撑结构支撑的部分,3.34 sea floor,海底,interface between the sea and the seabed,海水和海床的分界面,3.35 sea floor slope,海底坡度,local gradient of the sea floor,e.g.associated with a beach,海底的局部梯度，例如海滩的倾斜度,3.36 sea state,海况,a condition of the sea in which its statistics remain stationary,统计数据保持稳定的一种海洋状态,3.37 seabed,海床,materials below the sea floor in which a support structure is founded,海底以下的物质部分，支撑结构固定在其中,3.38 seabed movement,海床运动,movement of the seabed due to natural geological processes,自然地质过程产生的海床运动,3.39 scour,冲刷,removal of seabed soils by currents and waves or caused by structural elements interrupting the naturalflow regime above the sea floor,由于海流或海浪，或结构中断了海底以上的固有流态引起的海床土壤流失,3.40 significant wave height,有效波高,statistical measure of the height of waves in a sea state,defined as 4*where is the standarddeviation of the sea surface elevation.In sea states with only a narrow band of wave frequencies thesignificant wave height is approximately equal to the mean height of the highest third of the zero up-crossing waves,在某海况下波高的统计量，定义为,4*,，其中,为海平面上升的标准偏差。在仅有窄带波频的海况中，有效波高近似等于上穿零点的三分之一个大波波高的平均值,3.41 splash zone,飞溅区,external region of support structure that is frequently wetted due to waves and tidal variations.Thisshall be defined as the zone between the highest still water level with a recurrence period of 1 yearincreased by the corresponding significant crest height,and the lowest still water level with a recurrence,3.42 still water level,静水位,abstract water level calculated by including the effects of tides and storm surge but excluding variationsdue to waves.Still water level can be above,at,or below mean sea level,考虑包括潮汐和风暴潮影响但不包括波浪变化而计算出的理论水位。静水位可以高于、等于或低于平均海平面,3.43 storm surge,暴潮,irregular movement of the sea brought about by wind and atmospheric pressure variations,由于风和大气压变化而引起的不规则海洋运动,3.44 sub-structure,下部结构,part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which extends upwards from the seabed and connectsthe foundation to the tower,refer Figure 1,海上风力发电机组支撑结构的一部分，由海床向上延伸，连接基础与塔架，参见图,1,3.45 support structure,支撑结构,part of an offshore wind turbine consisting of the tower,sub-structure and foundation,refer Figure 1,海上风力发电机组的一部分，包括塔架、下部结构和基础，,3.46 swell,涌浪,sea state in which waves generated by winds remote from the site have travelled to the site,rather thanbeing locally generated,远方而非场址当地风引起的波浪经过场址的一种海况,3.47 tidal current,潮流,current resulting from tides,潮汐引起的水流,3.48 tidal range,潮差,the distance between the highest astronomical tide and the lowest astronomical tide,最高天文潮和最低天文潮之间的距离,3.49 tides,潮汐,regular and predictable movements of the sea generated by astronomical forces,由于天体引力产生的有规律且可预测的海洋运动3.50 tower,塔架,part of an offshore wind turbine support structure which connects the sub-structure to the rotor-nacelleassembly,refer Figure 1,海上风力发电机支撑结构的一部分，连接下部结构和风轮,-,机舱组件，参见图,1,3.51 tsunami,海啸,long period sea waves caused by rapid vertical movements of the sea floor,海床剧烈垂直运动引发的长期海洋波浪,3.52 uni-directional(wind and/or waves),单向（风和,/,或浪）,acting in a single direction,作用于单一方向,3.53 water depth,水深,vertical distance between the sea floor and the still water level,海底和静水位面之间的垂直距离,NOTE As there are several options for the still water level(see 3.42)there can be several water depth values.,3.54 wave crest elevation,波峰高度,vertical distance between the crest of a wave and the still water level,波峰和静水面之位的垂直距离,3.55 wave direction,波向,mean direction from which the wave is traveling,波浪传播的平均方向,3.56 wave height,波高,vertical distance between the highest and lowest points on the water surface of an individual zeroup-crossing wave,一个向上跨零波浪中水面最高点和水面最低点之间的垂直距离,3.57 wave period,波浪周期,the time interval between the two zero up-crossings which bound a zero up-crossing wave,两个向上跨零（带有一个向上跨零波）之间的间隔时间,3.58 wave spectral peak frequency,波谱峰值频率,the frequency of the peak energy in the wave spectrum,波谱峰值能量的频率,3.59 wave spectrum,波谱,frequency domain description of the sea surface elevation in a sea state,某海况下描述海面高度的频域,3.60 wave steepness,波陡,the ratio of the wave height to the wave length,波高与波长之比,3.61 weather downtime,天气性停工,one or more intervals of time during which the environmental conditions are too severe to allow forexecution of a specified marine operation,环境情况太恶劣而不能进行具体的海上作业的一段或多段时间,缩写语,