定语从句的用法及练习.doc

定语从句的用法及练习
一、定语从句的概念
    在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
    二、定语从句的关系词
    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
    三、定语从句的分类
    根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
    四、关系代词的用法
    1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
    The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
    2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
    The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
    The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
    3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
    The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
    Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
    注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
    This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
    This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
    (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
    The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
    (4)关系词只能用that的情况:
    a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
    b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
    c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
    This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
    I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
    e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
    Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
    f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
    There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
    (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
    a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
    What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
    b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
    This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
    c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
    Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
    五、关系副词的用法
    (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
    This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
    (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
    This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
    (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
    Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

定语从句练习题
一一一一、、、、单项填空单项填空单项填空单项填空
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
11. He got to the village _____ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which B. that C when D. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
16. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
19. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
20. The famous scientist grew up_____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England like nothing more than being surroundedby clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
22. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
23. Is this factory ______ you worked at?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
24. Is this the factory _______ you worked?
A. where B. which C. that D. the one
25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
27. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
28. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
29. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
30. Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?
A. which B. when C. who D. where

二二二二、、、、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子
1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.
2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus.
4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come.
5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.
6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.
7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.
8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked.
9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?
10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.
11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.
13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.
14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
15. The time ______ we got together finally arrived.
16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.
17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.
19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.
20. All the people ______are present burst into tears.
21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are well educated.
22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy.
23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.
24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you aske
25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.

答案答案答案答案 一一一一、、、、单项填空单项填空单项填空单项填空
1-5 BACAD 6-10 CCACC 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDCC 21-25 DBAAD 26-30 DBDDD
二二二二、、、、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子
1. who 2. who 3. whom 4. whom 5. which 6. which 7. which 8. about whom 9. whom 10. which 11. whose 12. whose 13. whose 14. when 15. when 16. where 17. where 18. why 19. why 20. that 21. whom 22. which 23. where 24. that 25. whom

宾语从句练习： 在宾语从句中要注意三个要素，j连接词that, if(whether)和疑问词做连词。k语序，必须是陈述句的语序。l时态，主句是一般现在，从句可以是你所需要的任何时态；主句是过去时，从句也必须是相应的过去时态(一般过去，过去完成，过去进行，过去将来)，如果宾语从句是真理或永恒不变的事物，不改变时态。
( )1. Do you know _____ this time yesterday?
A. who are they waiting B. who they are waiting for C. who were they waiting D. who they were waiting fo
r ( )2. Could you tell us ____ ?
A.if your father does B.what does your father do C.your father does what D. what your father does
( )3. Can you tell me what ______ next Sunday?
A. will they do B. they would do C. would they do D. they will do
( )4. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is i
t ( )5. Excuse me, could you tell me ______ ?
A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station I can get to D. how I can get to the station
( )6. Can you tell me where ______ ? .
A. is the post office B. the post office is C. does the post office D. the post office does
( )7. Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday ?
A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking
( )8. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
( )9. He told me that the sun ______ in the east.
A. rises B. raises C. rose D. raised
( )10. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard C . whether have I heard D. whether I have heard
( )11. This map will show you _______ .
A.where is the Summer Palace B.where the Summer Palace is C.where is the Summer Palace like D. how the Summer Palace is like
( )12. My brother ________ to the ground while ________ his bicycle and hurt his leg.
A. falls; is he riding B. fell; he was riding C. falls; he is riding D. felt; was he riding

答案：1―6：DDDBDB 7―12：CAABBB