定语从句考点解析及完成句子练习.doc

定语从句考点解析
一、可以做定语的成分：
She is a student.
She is my student.
She is a girl student.
She is a clever student.
She is an excellent 16-year-old girl student.
She is an interesting student.
She is the girl student (who was) invited to the party.
She will be the only student to attend the international conference.
She is the student who won the first prize in the English speaking competition.
The girl student is studying in the classroom below.
The girl student in tears was criticized by her headmaster just now.
二、 定语从句中的基本概念及知识

例：(2011湖北八校一联) The plane may be several hours late, _____ (那样的话) there's no point in our waiting. (case)
in which case或and in that case

三、 定语从句的考点
1. 定从中判断是用关系代词还是关系副词（关键是判断句子成分）
含occasion, situation, point, case, film, activity等特殊先行词
2. 非限制性定从（含as的固定表达）
3. “whose引导的定从”与“the +n. +of + which/whom”的转换或与“of + which/whom + the +n.”的转换
4. 表示整体与部分关系的定从：“数词/代词等+ of + which/whom”
5. 介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose) （含完全倒装的知识）
6. 先行词是way, reason后面的定从的几种情况
7. that引导的定从与同位语从句之间的区分问题
8. 一些基本的定从中的注意事项：

I 指物时用which不用that的情况
II 指物时用that不用which的情况
III 指人时用who不用that的情况
IV 指人时用that不用who的情况

四、 具体解析
（一）定从中判断是用关系代词还是关系副词（关键是判断句子成分）含occasion, situation, point, case, film, activity等特殊先行词

1. 关系代词还是关系副词？
①　 I'll never forget the year 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
②　 My parents don’t remember the exact date when I was born.
③　 I still remember the day (which / that) we spent together.
④　 I still remember the day when we played together.
⑤　 Do you know the reason why/for which he was absent?
⑥　 Have you asked her for the reason which / that may explain her absence?
⑦　 He gave the reason which / that was unreasonable.
⑧　 What is the reason (which / that) he raised?
⑨　 I have reached a point in my life when / where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
⑩　 Rice grows in the south where the weather is warm.
比较：Rice grows where the weather is warm.

2. 含occasion, situation, point, case, film, activity等特殊先行词
(a) 几个特别的先行词后的定语从句
①　 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
②　 After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.
③　 There are many situations where our ability to be honest, responsible and reliable is put to the test.
④　 Please describe an occasion when someone gave you important help in a difficult situation.
⑤　 I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction where she had come.
(b) 练习：
74.（赤壁一中2013届高一（下）英语周测一） It‘s helpful to put children in a situation ______________________(他们可以看待) themselves differently. (see) where they can see
79. （湖北省咸宁市2010-2011学年度下学期期末考试）The present children are especially fond of telling lies to their parents, _______________ (在这种情况下) parents should attach more importance to their inner desires. (case)
in which case
练习重温：
①　 This is not the case ________ (我所谈论). (talk)
②　 Can you think of a case __________________? (你被不公正对待)(treat)
③　 They came to a position ________________________ (他们必须决定) what to do next. (decide)
④　 Generally speaking, the media can help solve problems and draw attention to the cases __________________ (需要帮助). (need)
Keys: (that) I'm talking about; where you were treated unequally; where they had to decide; where help is needed

(二) 非限制性定从（含as的固定表达）
1. (2010湖北，80) ________________(正如我们强调的那样) many times, "serve the people" is our first policy. (stress)
Key：As we have stressed/As has been stressed
2 (2011湖北黄冈中学、黄石二中联考) It's likely that such a question, if it can be called a question, ________________(你提的), can't be answered by any human beings. (raise)
Key：as you have raised
3. Don't talk about such things ___ you do not understand.
A. that B. where C. which D. as
4. I'll never forget such an attractive city ___ I spent many happy hours with my parents.
A. that B. where C. because D. as

（三） “whose引导的定从”与“the +n. +of + which/whom”的转换或与“of + which/whom + the +n.”的转换
1. (2010湖北华师一附中五月适应性训练) Willie has complained to the sales manager about the PC he bought __________ (其屏幕爆炸) for no reason yesterday. (explode)
2. (湖北省咸宁市2010-2011学年度下学期期末考试, 76) George Orwell, _______________________ (真名是) Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays during his lifetime. (name)
Keys：1. whose screen exploded或the screen of which exploded或of which the screen exploded
2. whose real name was或the real name of whom was或of whom the real name was

（四） 表示整体与部分关系的定从
1. (2011湖北武汉部分学校联考) There are two thousand students in our school, ________ (其中三分之二) are girls. (whom)

2. (2011湖北武昌11月调研) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_______ (80%的产品销往国外). (sell)
3. The old man has two sons, __________________________ (年长的那个是位医生)。(elder)
Keys: 1. of whom two thirds或two-thirds of whom; 2. of which are sold abroad; 3. the elder of whom is a doctor

(五) 介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose) （含完全倒装的知识）
1. (2009湖北，80) Learning strategies, to ___________________ (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
2. (2010湖北黄冈中学五月二模) The house _______________ (他付了) a large sum of money last year is now worth twice as much. (pay)
3. (2012年第27期双语报) She is looking for her mobile phone, _____________________ (没有它她觉得) as if she were cut off from the outside world. (feel)
Keys: 1. which (the) teachers attach/have attached; 2. for which he paid; 3. without which she feels

4. We arrived at a farm house ___________________ (一位老男人坐在其前面). (sit)
5. I stay at the hotel ____________________ (一个小花园坐落其后). (lie)
6. There used to be a mountain, __________________ (山里有座庙) (stand)
Keys: 4. in front of which sat an old man; 5. at the back of which lies a small garden; 6. on the top of which stood a temple

(六) 先行词是reason , way 后面的定从的几种情况
选修六Unit 2中学过一个固定句型The reason why/for which… is/was that… 意为“…的原因是…”

1. 我迟到的原因是我错过了早班车。
The reason why I was late was that I missed the first bus.
2. reason做先行词后面的定从的几种情况：
1) Do you know the reason why/for which he was absent?
2) Have you asked her for the reason which / that may explain her absence?
3) He gave the reason which / that was unreasonable.
练习：
4) The reason _____________________ (他向我解释的) the other day is that he was ill.
5) Can you tell me the reason ___________ __________________ (汽车坏掉) ? (break)
6) The reason ______________________ (汽车坏掉) caused the accident. (break)
Keys: 4) (that) he explained to me; 5) why/ for which the car broke down; 6) that the car broke down
注：句6）中的that从句时同位语从句，而不是定语从句。
练一练：用适当的关系词填空。
1). Do you know the reason ______________ he is absent? 你知道他为什么不在吗？
2). He gave the reason _____________ was unreasonable. 他给出一个没道理的理由。
3). What is the reason ___________________ he raised? 他提出的理由是什么?
4). Have you asked her for the reason ___________ may explain her absence?
5). The reason _____________ Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.
Keys：1). why/for which; 2). that/ which; 3). (that/which); 4). that/ which; 5).why/for which

3. way做先行词后面的定从的几种情况:
Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.(选修六Unit 2)
in a way 以一种方式
此时例句中的way在定从中充当主语；再如：
e.g.：We should help the poor student in a way that won't hurt his self-respect.
说明：当先行词way在定从中充当主语时，关系词可以用that/which(除非有些情况中way被最高级或者some等修饰时就只能用that而不能用which了，详见第（八）点第Ⅱ条). 当先行词way在定从中充当表语时，关系词只能用that.
先行词是way的时候，且在定从中充当状语，则关系词有三种：that /in which/无
先行词是way的时候，且在定从中充当宾语，则关系词有三种：that /which/省略

练一练：用适当的关系词填空。
1) I don't understand the way ____________ they worked out the problem.
2) I don't like the way ____________ he often uses to speak to me.
3) The way _______________ he explained to me was simple.
4) The way _______________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
5) He suggested that we should solve the problem in a way __________ was peaceful.
Keys: 1). that/in which/无; 做状语 2). that/which/省略; 做宾语 3). that/which/省略 做宾语; 4). that/in which/无; 做状语 5). that/which; 做主语

（八） 一些基本的定从中的注意事项：
Ⅰ指物时用which不用that的情况

1). 指物，关系代词在介词后。如：
I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.
2). 先行词本身就是that时。
What is that which flashed in the sky just now?

Ⅱ指物时用that不用which的情况:
1) 先行词是all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one, some等不定代词。
Is there anything that I can do for you?
2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right等所修饰时。
The only thing that he could do was waiting.
3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first film that I've ever seen. The best place that they visited was Beijing.
4) 先行词中既有人又有物时。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.
5) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
The last place that they visited was Beijing.
6) 在疑问词who, which, what开头的句子中, 要用that。
Whoever that is content with a little progress can't make big achievements.
7) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place that it used to be.
8) 主句是there be句型时。如：
There is a table in the corner that is still free.
9) 有两个定从，一个定从的关系代词已用which, 另一个要用that. 如：
They have set up a factory which produces things that have never been seen before.

Ⅲ 指人时用who不用that的情况
注意, 先行词是人时一般不受上述Ⅱ中提到的只能用that情况的限制。但是：
当主句是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句时, 为了避免重复, 最好不用who来引导定语从句, 而用that(宾格可以用whom)来引导。
b. 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those等, 指人时一般用who, 不用that.
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
c. 当先行词和定语从句相隔离时宜用who。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese
d. 当一个句子带有两个定语从句时, 其中一个用that另一个宜用who。
The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet.

Ⅳ 指人时用that不用who的情况
在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用who.
Who is the man that is shouting there?
She is not the girl that she used to be.

定语从句完成句子练习
1.________________(正如我们强调的那样) many times, "serve the people" is our first policy. (stress)
2. Learning strategies, to ___________________ (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)
3. The city ________________ (我成长的) is very hot and damp in summer.
4. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____________________ (那时候听众可以购买) ice-cream. (buy)
5. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _________________ (每种文化使用) it somewhat differently.
6. A bank is the place _____________________ (他们借给你) an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (lend)
7. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, __________________ (她都讲) fluently. (speak)
8. It is the most instructive lecture _________________ (参加) since I came to this school. (attend)
9. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, ____________________ (其中很多人离开) their village homes for a better life in the city. (leave)
10. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ___________________ (结果它是) a wise decision. (turn)
11. The newly-built cafe, ___________________ (其墙壁被粉刷) light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (paint)
12. Could I speak to __________________ (无论谁负责) International Sales please? (charge)
13. They've won their last three matches, ________________________ (我觉得这很惊讶) actually. (find)
14. ___________________ (众所周知) is that Africa had contacts with India from the earliest times. (know)
15. Oh! The Geli times is coming! ______________ (据报道), Geli, a new Chinglish word, has been shown on the New York Times as well as China Daily. (report)
16. In order to make the coffee clean and tidy, the secretary threw away all the newspapers, ____________ (其中有一些从未被看过). (read)
17. I'll go back to the place _________________ (把我养大的) and live forever. (bring)
18. My sisters, ___ (她们的照片我给你看过) yesterday, will come to see us this evening. (show)
19. The plane may be several hours late, ________________ (那样的话) there's no point in our waiting. (case)
20. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___________________ (产品销往国外). (sell)
21. Fruit and vegetables are grown in areas _________________________(有充足雨水的地方). (be)
22. Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor, ____________________ (他的研究旨在) improving agriculture. (aim)
23. A number of children _____________________ (父母遇难了的) in the earthquake were sent to live with families in other cities. (kill)
24. The house _______________ (他付了) a large sum of money last year is now worth twice as much. (pay)
25. Willie has complained to the sales manager about the PC he bought __________________ (其屏幕爆炸) for no reason yesterday. (explode)
26. It's likely that such a question, if it can be called a question, ________________(你提的), can't be answered by any human beings. (raise)
27. I called the clothing agent _____________________ (我发现她的电话号码) on the Internet. (find)
28. All the students show respect for their English teacher, __________________ (在他的帮助下) they have made great progress. (assistance)
29. There are two thousand students in our school, ___________________ (其中三分之二) are girls. (whom)
30. A healthy diet should include a variety of food, ___________________ (大部分富含) nutrients. (rich)
31. There are many kinds of birds on the island, and over 140 species of snakes, ____________________ (其中许多) are extremly ganderous. (many)
32. It was at the church ____________________ (我领你参观) last weekend that the accident took place. (show)
33. Medical researchers have painfully realized that there are many problems ___________________ (他们没有找到) any solutions so far. (find)
34. According to their memory, the couple finally arrived _________________ (他们偶遇的地方) each other for the first time. (come)
35. Mr. Smith, __________________ (从他的书店) we bought a dictionary yesterday, has been working non-stop for making donation to the poor. (whose)

Keys:
1. As we have stressed/As has been stressed
2. which (the) teachers attach/have attached
3. in which/where I grew up
4. when the audience can buy (或者during which the audience can buy)
5. each of which uses
6. where they lend you
7. all of which she spoke
8. that I have attended
9. many of whom left 或 of whom many left
10. which turned out (to be)
11. the walls of which are painted或whose walls are painted
12. whoever is in charge of 或 anyone who is in charge of
13. which I find a bit surprising
14. What is known to all或 What we all know
15. As is reported或as has been reported
16. some of which had never been read
17. where I was brought up
18. whose photosI showed (to) you 或 the photos of whom I showed (to) you
19. in which case或and in that case
20. of which are sold abroad
21. where there is enough/adequate water
22. whose research was aimed at (或the research of whom w