高中英语虚拟语气常考点.docx

高中英语虚拟语气常考点1单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、You could come back by Friday _ today, which can ensure your presence at my birthday party.Ashould you start offBdid you start offChad you started offDwould you start off答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气中的倒装。句意：如果你今天出发，你可以在星期五回来，这样可以确保你参加我的生日聚会。本题考查虚拟语气中的倒装，逗号之前若使用if引导的虚拟条件句，则为：You could come back by Friday if you should start off today。在虚拟条件状语从句中如果有were, should, had这三个词，可以将if省略，将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前，变成were, should, had +主语的形式。故选A。小提示：虚拟语气中的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should时，可以将if省略，将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前，变成 were, should, had +主语的形式：1）If he should fail, he would kill himself. Should he fail, he would kill himself.万一失败，他就会自杀。2）If I were you, I would do it at once.Were I you, I would do it at once.假若我是你，我就会马上做。3）If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。本小题考查虚拟语气中的倒装,属于以上解析的第二种情况。逗号之前若使用if引导的虚拟条件句，则为：You could come back by Friday if you should start off today。在虚拟条件状语从句中如果有were, should, had这三个词，可以将if省略，将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前，变成 were, should, had +主语的形式，即为虚拟语气中的倒装。故选A。2、If I _ you, I would give her a call.AamBwasCwereDshould be答案：C解析：考查虚拟条件句。句意：如果我是你，我会给她打个电话。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句。且表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去式 (be用were) ，主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might 动词原形(过去将来时) 。故C选项正确。小提示：if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设过去时(waswere);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo本句表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去式 (be用were) ，主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might 动词原形(过去将来时) 。故C选项正确。3、- Who would you rather _ your graduation ceremony tomorrow, your parents or friends?- All of them.Awill have attendedBhave attendedCattendDattended答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你宁愿谁明天来参加你的毕业典礼，父母还是朋友？都来。would rather后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，与现在和将来事实相反的情况用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时；根据tomorrow可知此处表与将来事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时。故选D。4、Well make the final decision on our scheme. _ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.AShouldBWereCWouldDMay答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定，如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if,should提前，陈述语序是：if you should change your mind。故选A。5、Tom insisted what he said_ true and we insisted that he_ and have a look.Abe；should goBshould be；would goCwas；goDwas；would go答案：C解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：汤姆坚持说他说的是真的，我们坚持要求他去看一看。第一个insist引导宾语从句，意为“坚持认为”，用陈述语气，宾语从句的时态根据主句而定，根据主句的insisted可知，时态为过去时，所以用was；第二个insist引导宾语从句，意为“坚持要求”，需用虚拟语气。insist that sb (should) do，其中should可以省略，所以动词用原形 go。故选C。6、Its requested that a lecture _ on this subject.Ais givenBshould be givenCwill be givenDhas been given答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。故选B。小提示：后接虚拟语气的常见词1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。7、An order came that all the army supply _ to the front before daybreak.Abe sent Bshould sendCwere sentDshould have sent答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：在黎明前所有的军队补给必须送到前线的命令已经下达。order意为“命令”，that引导的从句作其同位语，从句的谓语动词用“（should +）动词原形”；根据句意可知应用被动语态，故选A项。8、The professor demanded that all the essays _ to him by Jan. 10th.Ahand inBbe handed inCshould hand inDwere handed in答案：B解析：考查语态和虚拟语气。句意：教授要求所有的论文在1月10日前交上来。essays与hand in之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，demand后的宾语从句应该用should do的虚拟语气，should可以省略，故B项正确。小提示：注意在表示建议、要求、命令以及坚持等词后的宾语从句中要用should+动词的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。9、Left to itself, the place _ into a prosperous civilized communityAwas to growBwere to growCshould have grownDwould have grown答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果任其发展，这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句为隐含条件虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，所以主句用would/could/should/might + have done。would表示“将会”，should表示“应当”。故选D。10、When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh _ by others in that his wound didnt indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein _ longer but he refused surgery,Amay have been killed; should have livedBshould have been killed; should have livedCmay have been killed; must have livedDshould have been killed: must have lived答案：A解析：考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：谈到死亡，文森特梵高可能被其他人杀害，因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀，而阿尔伯特爱因斯坦本应该活得更长，但他拒绝接受手术。A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害，一定活了很长；D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害，一定活了很长。结合句意，may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测，should have done 本应该做某事，实际未做，符合句意。故选A项。11、_I had more money, I could buy a car.AOnly ifBIf everCIf onlyDEven if答案：C解析：考查状语从句的从属连词。句意：要是我有更多钱就好了，我就可以买一辆车。A. Only if只有，除非；B. If ever如果曾经有；C. If only要是就好了；D. Even if尽管。分析句子可知，此处是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，再结合句意可知，此处用if only“要是就好了”符合语境和语法要求，故选C项。12、He was in great trouble, but he behaved as if nothing_Awas happeningBhas happenedChappenedDhad happened答案：D解析：考查时态。句意：他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。此处as if“好像”，引导方式状语从句，是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态，故选D。13、How impressive Chinas 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!Definitely. If only I _ on the scene!AwasBwereChave beenDhad been答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。当然，要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟，用if only sb. had done sth.，故选D项。小提示：本题考查if only（要是就好了）引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气，虚拟语气一般有三种情况：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。14、He _ his potential had it not been for his desire to meet new challenges.Awould never have realizedBwould never realizeCnever realizedDhad never realized答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为他渴望迎接新的挑战，他就不会实现他的潜能。分析句子结构可知，本句考查if引导的条件句的虚拟，省略if倒装的情况，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词应用would have done；分析本句可知，空格处应为主句谓语部分且表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选A。15、I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _ me up in time.Awere Kathy not to pickBhad Kathy not pickedCif Kathy hasnt pickedDif Kathy did not pick答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要是Kathy没有及时接我，我现在就不会在看绿皮书了。此处是描述的与过去事实相反的假设，从句应谓语动词使用过去完成时；当虚拟条件句中有had（助动词）/should/were时，可以省略if，将had（助动词）/should/were提前，构成倒装结构。故B选项正确。小提示：虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况，可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则，即把时态向过去推一格。一、对现在情况的虚拟条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式，表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。（事实上我不是你）If I had a map now, we could easily get out of the forest.如果现在有地图，我们能很容易地走出森林。（事实上是现在没有地图）注意：在条件从句中，如果谓语动词是be的形式，不管主语是单数还是复数，书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数，也可以用was,不过在if I were.中一般用were。二、对过去情况的虚拟条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助，我不会赶上公交车。（事实是你昨天已经帮助了我，所以我赶上了车)三、对将来情况的虚拟在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。If things were to be twice，all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。（事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)16、He is always seeking excuses for the debt, but Id rather he _ it off as early as possible.Awould payBwould have paidChad paidDpaid答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D项。17、But for the rescue teams efforts, more lives _ in the wreck accident.Awould be claimedBshould have claimedCwould have claimedDcould have been claimed答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词could+have done结构表示，又因为lives与claim之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填could have been claimed。故选D项。18、Sam insisted that he_the law and_.Adidnt break;mustnt be punishedBdoesnt break;shouldnt punishChadnt broken;be not punishedDhadnt broken;not be punished答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Sam坚持说他没有违法，也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查insist用法，第一：当insist译为“坚持认为”，从句使用陈述语气，该句中insist使用一般过去时，故从句时态应为过去完成时（had+ done）；第二：当insist译为“坚持要求”，从句使用虚拟语气，结构为：主语+should+动词原形，should可以省略。该句第二个空中punish与Sam之间构成被动关系，故填should not be punished，should可省略。故选D项。19、It is time that we _ a decision on how to approach this problem.AmakeBmadeCto makeDwill make答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式It is time that后面的从句谓语用过去式或should+动词原形。故选B。20、Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he _ your graduation ceremony.Awill attendBhad been attendedCwould attendDwould have attended答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆昨天一天都很忙，否则他就去参加你的毕业典礼了。without, otherwise, but for 引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，通过介词短语来表示。使用到这些词组的句子中，虚拟语气的用法一般是：对现在的虚拟：would+do；对过去的虚拟：would(not) + have done。根据句意，这句话是对昨天的情况的虚拟，故选D。小提示：otherwise 表示“否则”“要不然”时，其后的句子是否用虚拟语气，与句子所表达的意思有关。由于“否则”“要不然”的意思就是“如果不就”，它隐含一种条件在里面，所以，如果根据句意，其中的“条件”是真实的，就用陈述语气；如果其中的“条件”是不真实的，就用虚拟语气。在本题中，根据句意是对昨天的情况的假设，与昨天的实际情况并不相符合，所以应使用虚拟语气。同学们在解题时要注意区分这两种情况。21、If you had enough money, what _？Awill you buyBwould you buyCwould you have boughtDwill you have bought答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有足够的钱，你会买什么？此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用did(was用were)，主句用would/should/could+动词原形，故B项正确。小提示：非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是：表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+have done；表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形；表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，should do或were to do，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形。22、My brother lent me the money,_I couldnt have afforded the tripAFurthermoreBOtherwiseCMoreoverDNevertheless答案：B解析：本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore还有；B.otherwise否则；C.moreover还有；D.nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用otherwise相当于“if my brother hadnt lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选B。23、_ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.AIf it is notBWereCHad it not beenDIf they were not答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，与过去事实相反，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“would+have+过去分词”。在虚拟语气的句子里，有时可以省略从句中的if，把动词be，助动词had等放在句首。故选C。24、Many people _ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.Awould dieBwould have diedCmay dieDmay have died答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知，此句是一个虚拟语气，根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项，故选B。25、All the facts in Californias record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot temperature, so its suggested that people with health problem carefully.Awere linked; are taken care ofBbe linked; be taken care ofCshould be linked; are attended toDwere linked; be attended to答案：D解析：考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：加州破纪录的热浪中，所有的事实都表明，野火与残酷的高温有关，所以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中suggest表示“表明”，后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气，且从句中描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数，故排除B选项和C选项；第二空suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语应用(should)+动词原形，故排除A选项。故选D。26、They both look as if they _ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.AareBwereChave beenDhad been答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们俩谈心之后，看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境，as if引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，根据主句谓语动词look可知，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选B。27、As two cases of Omicro coronavirus variant have been detected, the British government has urged that anyone who has arrived from South Africa recently _.Abeing testedBwas testedCmust be testedDbe tested答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：由于已发现两例奥米克罗冠状病毒变异病例，英国政府敦促最近从南非抵达的任何人接受检测。A. being tested正在被检测；B. was tested被检测；C. must be tested必须被检测；D. be tested被检测。分析句子，has urged后接that引导的宾语从句， urge表示“敦促”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，本句中test与主语anyone之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即（should）be tested。故选D项。28、But for the belief that things better soon, many people couldnt have survived the rough time.Ahad gotBgotCwould getDwill get答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是相信情况很快就会好转，许多人就不可能挺过这段艰难的时期。Butfor是固定搭配，意为“要不是”，引导的短语或句子相当于一个虚拟条件句。根据主句部分many people couldnt have survived the rough time.可知，此处是对过去情况的假设，but for引导的从句部分是真实情况，根据时间状语soon可知，此处用过去将来时。故选C项。29、I _ to the party with you tomorrow if I didnt have to attend the meeting.AwentBhad goneCwould goDwould have gone答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。本句考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我不必参加会议的话，我明天回和你去参加派对。根据句意可知与将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句可用would do，所以C正确。30、Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I _ the task on schedule.Awould accomplishBcould accomplishCmust have accomplishedDmight have accomplished答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经”，故D项正确。小提示：本题的解题关键在于根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经”，例如：I went to Paris last month, with more money, I might have gone to a further place.上个月我去了巴黎，要是钱够的话，我可能去更远的地方了。31、We would have called a taxi yesterday if Jim _ us a lift.Adidnt giveBwouldnt giveChasnt givenDhadnt given答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天Jim不让我们搭车的话，我们就叫出租车了。主句中的谓语“would have called a taxi”表示本句所表达的内容与过去事实相反，从句中应该用过去完成时。故选D。小提示：if引导的虚拟语气一、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If you took a taxi, youd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。（但你不坐）If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。（可惜我不知道）二、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：If Id left sooner, Id have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。（但我动身太迟了）If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。（可惜我们找到他太晚了）三、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If he went, would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?（大概他不会去）If I asked him, Im sure hed help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。（不过我不打算这样做）注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”（表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”）或“were to+动词原形”（表示与将来事实相反的假设）。32、-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _ a different result.Amight getBmay getCmay have gotDmight have got答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：-祝贺你在赛跑中名列第二！-谢谢。但是如果多练习的话，我可能会得到不同的结果。可知，此处是指我（过去）多练习的话，结果就会不同。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，要用情态动词+have done，因此本句要用might have got。故选D。33、The new government desire corruption _ as soon as possible to regain peoples trust.Ashould cureBis curedCmust be curedDbe cured答案：