磨削技术英文翻译.doc

Grinding technology development trend
Grinding machining is important processing technology in mechanical manufacturing. With precision mechanical products, the requirement of increasing the reliability and service life, high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, high functional new materials application increased, for grinding processing and put forward many new problems, such as material of grinding machining and surface integrity, super precision grinding and high efficiency grinding and grinding automation, etc. Problems to be solved.At present, the grinding technology is moving toward using super hard abrasives, development of precision and ultra precision grinding, high speed, high efficiency grinding technology and the development of high precision, high stiffness of the grinding machine automation direction.
One. In-depth development of grinding theory and technology research
Grinding theory research is the basis for the development of grinding technology, the grinding technology and the development of practice and research provides the opportunity for grinding theory, requirement and new topic, in recent ten years, professionals engaged in the work of grinding, grinding technology and phenomenon many factors for a lot of in-depth research and achieved fruitful results.
Two. Unit grinding machine high speed, high precision components manufacturing technology
High precision grinding machine spindle unit, feeding unit, bearing unit and auxiliary unit is the key parts and components. Spindle unit including spindle power, shaft, bearing, and frame sections, she affects the precision of the machining system, stability and application scope, its dynamic performance and stability of high performance precision ultra-precision grinding, play a key role. Feed unit including the position detection unit, Demand of feed units, therefore, flexible operation, high resolution, high positioning accuracy, not crawl and large movement range, both to have larger acceleration, and large enough thrust, high stiffness, quick dynamic response, high positioning accuracy. Machine tools supporting technology mainly refers to the supporting member of design and manufacturing technology. Auxiliary unit technology including fast clamping workpiece, high efficiency grinding fluid filtration system, machine safety devices, chip removal and the workpiece cleaning technology, spindle and grinding wheel dynamic balance technology, etc.
Three. Grinding automation and intellectualization
With mechanical manufacturing in FMS (flexible manufacturing system) and CIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system), IMS (intelligent manufacturing system) height automation development direction, the grinding automation requirements are put forward. The development of the CNC grinding machine with CNC lathe, milling machine and so on started late. In the 1980 s and 90 s is a CNC grinding machine for rapid development and entered the popularizing period of practical. In recent years, almost all kinds of grinder CNC products, CNC tool grinding machine from 3 to 10 shaft axis development. Which can realize online measurement, automatic switching of grinding wheel and the emergence of the automatic unloading workpieces milling machining center, mark CNC grinding reached a new level. Grinding CNC system development also have great progress, many special grinding CNC software and systems have been commercialized. In the 1990 s, Japan announced about intelligent grinding results. Use of monitoring information and database, adaptive optimization in grinding condition and the judgment condition of grinding, using computer simulation and virtual technology, establish a realistic virtual grinding environment, to implement the intelligent of the grinding. Continuous track the use of grinding technology, making the grinding technology has made great development
Four. Grinding process monitoring and detection technology
Implementation of intelligent computer control of grinding, grinding process is an important problem in the control room. Solve the grinding process, such as the phenomenon of signal identification, signal sampling, signal processing, feedback and compensation, need high sensitive sensor, also need to have expert system or intelligent system and the software design and other technical support.For grinding wheel wear and tear of using acoustic emission monitoring system. Because of the complexity of the grinding process, the grinding process of the monitoring system in theory and practical aspect still has many problems unsolved. Parts after the grinding size, shape and position accuracy, surface quality of the test is divided into offline and online detection.For super precision grinding and free abrasive machining high precision and low surface roughness obtained after detection, high-precision grinding on the surface of the on-line automatic detection are much harder than cars, milling, high sensitivity is the key to development of sensor technology and signal acquisition, recognition and processing technologies.
Five. Software of grinding technology
High performance CNC grinding machine should be equipped with a complete software system. Of intelligence information processing and data input of grinding, grinding mode selection and grinding the arrangement of the order, condition of grinding, grinding wheel dressing and grinding automatically selected, the state of the grinding process simulation and virtual detection and compensation, are in software design and development of a reasonable solution.All countries in the development of expert system and intelligent system software. Expert system is a branch of artificial intelligence research, and its essence is a kind of application system. Problem solving ability with expert level in the field of grinding process system, can effectively solve complex problems in the field of grinding.
磨削加工技术发展趋势
磨削加工是机械制造中重要的加工工艺。随着机械产品精度、可靠性和寿命的要求不断提高，高硬度、高强度高耐磨性、高功能性的新型材料的应用增多，给磨削加工提出了许多新问题，诸如材料的磨削加工性及表面完整性、超精密磨削、高效磨削和磨削自动化等问题亟待解决。当前，磨削加工技术正朝着使用超硬磨料磨具，开发精密及超精密磨削，高速、高效磨削工艺及研制高精度、高刚度的自动化磨床的方向发展。
1. 磨削理论与工艺研究深入发展
磨削理论研究是磨削工艺技术发展的基础，磨削工艺技术与实践的发展又为磨削理论的研究提供了机遇，需求和新课题，近十几年来，从事磨削工程的专业人员，对磨削工艺系统众多因素和现象进行了大量的深入研究，取得了丰硕成果。
2. 磨床高速、高精度零部件单元制造技术
高精度磨床的主轴单元、进给单元、支承单元与辅助单元是关键的零部件。主轴单元包括主轴动力源、主轴、轴承和机架几个部分，她影响着加工系统的精度、稳定性及应用范围，其动力学性能及稳定性对高速高效磨削、精密超精密磨削起着关键的作用。进给单元包括伺服驱动部件、滚动单元、位置检测单元等。进给单元是使砂轮保持正常工作的必要条件，也是评价高速、高效及超高速磨床性能的重要指标之一，因此，要求进给单元运转灵活、分辨率高、定位精度高、没有爬行和较大的移动范围，既要有较大的加速度，又要有足够大的推力、刚度高、动态响应快、定位精度高。机床支承技术主要指机床的支承构件的设计及制造技术。辅助单元技术包括快速工件装夹技术，高效磨削液过滤系统、机床安全装置、切屑处理及工件清洗技术、主轴和砂轮架动平衡技术等。
3. 磨削自动化和智能化
随着机械制造业向着FMS（柔性制造系统）、CIMS（计算机集成制造系统）、IMS（智能制造系统）高度自动化方向发展，对磨削加工提出了自动化的要求。CNC磨床的发展较CNC车床、铣床等起步较晚。20世纪80年代、90年代是数控磨床迅速发展和进入普及实用时期。近年几乎所有种类的磨床都有CNC产品，CNC工具磨床已从3轴发展到10轴。可实现联机测量、自动交换砂轮和自动装卸工件的磨加工中心的出现，标志CNC磨削达到了一个新的水平。磨削数控系统的开发也有很大的进步，许多专用磨削数控软件和系统也已经商业化。20世纪90年代，日本公布了关于磨削加工智能化研究成果。利用监测信息和磨削数据库、自适应优化磨削条件和判断磨削加工状态，利用计算机仿真和虚拟技术，建立逼真的虚拟磨削环境，实现磨削加工的智能化。连续轨迹磨削技术的使用，使磨削技术有了很大的发展。
4. 磨削工艺过程监控与检测技术
实现磨削加工计算机控制欲智能化，对磨削过程进行监控室一个重要问题。解决磨削过程诸如现象的信号识别、信号采集、信号数据处理、反馈与补偿，需要高灵敏度的传感器，还需要有专家系统或智能系统及软件设计等技术的支撑。对砂轮的磨损与破损情况采用声发射监控系统。由于磨削过程的复杂性，目前磨削过程的监控系统在理论上及实用性方面尚有许多问题没有解决。对磨削加工后零件尺寸、形状及位置精度，表面质量进行检测分为离线与在线检测。对超精密磨削及游离磨粒加工后所获得高精度与低表面粗糙度的检测，高精度的磨削表面的在线自动检测要比车、铣加工困难很多，关键在于开发高灵敏度的传感器技术及信号采集、识别和处理技术。
5. 磨削加工软件技术
高性能的CNC磨床需配有齐备的软件系统。对磨削加工情报信息的处理与数据输入、磨削方式选择与磨削顺序的安排，对磨削条件和磨削规范、砂轮修整规范的自动选定，磨削加工过程状态的检测与补偿仿真与虚拟等问题，都要在软件设计与开发中合理的解决。各国都在开发专家系统与智能系统软件。专家系统是人工智能研究的一个分支，其实质是一类程序系统。在磨削领域具有专家水平解题能力的程序系统，能高效的解决磨削领域中复杂的问题。