2-汉英语言差异市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,汉英语言结构差异,1/49,洋汉学家们笑话,胡适先生，驰骋文坛。,一诺千金,连中三元,月是故乡明,经常在写字桌上跑马。,只要一答应，,就要付一千美金,三块大洋,连在当中,故乡除了月亮还发光外，,其它一片漆黑,2/49,意合与形合,动态与静态,分析与综合,3/49,意合与形合,4/49,意合与形合,意合，是指句子连接使用是语义伎俩，句子成份结合靠是语义贯通，语法意义和逻辑关系隐含在字里行间，既所谓,以神笼形,。形合，是指句子连接使用是语言形式伎俩，即借助句法和词汇伎俩，以表示语法意义和逻辑关系。,汉语句子结构是经典意合型，而英语句子则是经典,形,合型,。,5/49,汉语句子则以时间先后次序，事理推移为准，用连动句、流水句表明各句间关系。汉语极少或几乎不用关系词和连接词。所以，英译汉时要先分析句子结构、形式，以确定句子功效、意义；,汉译英时，则要先分析句子功效、意义，再确定其结构、形式。,6/49,她们妯娌吵架，不巧被我撞见了。,I chanced to be present,when,the sister-in-laws were having a quarrel,.,1 译成带从句英语句子,7/49,小女孩外婆送给,她,一顶红帽子，,她,走到哪儿都带着它，于是人们就叫她小红帽。,Then little girls grandmother sent her a red hat,which,she wore wherever she went.Hence,she was called Little Red Hat.,8/49,2 译成带介词短语英语句子,好不轻易,才说服她，照我想法办,。,With some difficulty,I brought her round to my way of thinking.,9/49,我曾屡次看见他画小鸡，毛茸茸，很可爱；也见过他画鱼鹰，水是绿，钻进水里，很生动。,On several occasions I watched him paint fluffy little chickens and vivid cormorants,with,their heads in clear green water.,10/49,3 译成带分词或不定式结构英语句子,只见那个剪发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，她要什么发式。,Leaning,down to hear the little girl,the barber listened to her about the style she wanted.,11/49,必须采取办法，改进投资环境，切实阻止对企业乱摊派、乱收费错误做法。,Measures,to improve,investment environment must be taken,and,above all,to check,improper practices,such as burdening enterprises with extra expenses and collecting unreasonable fees from them.,12/49,4 译成带复合结构英语句子,酒不醉人人自醉。,It,is not wine,that,intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk.,13/49,形势逼人，不进则退。,Given to this pressing situation,we must move forward,or we will fall behind.,14/49,练习,二十岁时候，我想知名,要趁早,，一个人到了三十岁还,籍籍无名,那还,活个什么劲,啊？三十岁之后，名是,不指望,了，只是希望在四十岁时候能像我老板一样有钱,。,At,the age of twenty,its better to be famous,before,its too late,I believed.What would be the spice,of,life,for,a person deserted by fame when approaching thirty?After thirty,fame seems still,beyond,reach,yet,being,as,rich,as,my boss at forty becomes my new dream.,巧用介词和连接词,15/49,小结,汉语重意合，连接成份“尽在不言中”，句群组合讲求流洒铺排，疏放迭进；英语重形合，含有实在意义形合连接成份普通不能省略，讲求环环相扣，严密紧凑。,所以,汉英翻译过程就是从“形散神聚”中分析条理，然后“以形驭意”使诸般条理各就各位过程。,16/49,动态与静态,汉语动词化,英语名词化,动静转换,连动式,兼语式,并列式,隶属式,17/49,动词连用是汉语常见现象，汉语连动式与兼语式包含两个或两个以上动词。,连动式是指两个或两个以上动词与同一个主语发生主谓关系,。,兼语式是指谓语有两个动词，前一个动词宾语，也是后一个动词主语,，前后两个动词不共用一个主语。因为动词使用不受形态改变制约，使用起来相当灵活、自由、简便，所以大量句子都能够不止使用一个动词，这种动词优势使得汉语表示展现动态结构。,汉语动态倾向表现,18/49,紫娟答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，将手里这个盘而放在桌上，开了套间房门出来，依旧带上门，放下赏花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。,Zijuan,assenting hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon,placing the used one on the table in the outer room.Having closed the door behind her,she let down the soft flowered portiere before going to wake Xueyan.,连动式,19/49,连动式翻译,并列式：表示先后关系连动式，能够将几个动词都译成谓语动词，按照原文先后次序，用and连接。或者将其中表示次要意思动词译为英语中现在分词，作伴随状语.,20/49,他立刻坐下来开了一张支票。,你去教室把他叫来。,我悄悄地披上了大衣，带上门出去了。,我吃完早饭，就去上班了。,21/49,He immediately sat down and made out a check.,Go to the classroom and call him back.,Shrugging on an overcoat,I made my way out,closing the door behind me.,Having finished my breakfast,I went out to work.,22/49,隶属式：第一个情况，表示目标、伎俩关系连动式，能够把前面一个动词（表示伎俩词）译作谓语，而后一个动词（表示目标词，）则用不定式译作目标状语.,23/49,他们跑过去欢迎代表。,我被老师叫到办公室去作检讨。,我们能够派车去接你。,24/49,They ran over to welcome the delegates.,I was called to the office by the teacher to make a self-criticism.,We can send a car over to fetch you.,25/49,第二种情况，表示方式、状态连动式，将表示方式、状态词，译成份词和介词短语，而表示结果词译为谓语。,26/49,他们热烈鼓掌欢迎宾客。,他双手抱膝坐在地上。,她坐在小溪边石头上撩起布衫揩脸上汗水。,27/49,They welcomed the guests with warm applause.,He sat on the floor,hands around knees.,Seated on a stone beside the stream,she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.,28/49,兼语式翻译,翻译成补足语：能够把兼语式第二个动词转化为英语补足语，用不定式、介词短语、形容词、介词、副词、分词和名词充当。,29/49,在会上他们邀请我讲话。,他们推他为主席。,他一定会帮助我们渡过难关。,她能听见雨敲打着窗子。,我们必须使房子保持清洁。,30/49,At the meeting they invited me to speak.,They made him their chairman.,He is sure to help us through.,She could hear the rain pattering against the window.,We must keep the room clean.,31/49,翻译成“促使、致使”：利用英语中表示“促使、致使”意思动词翻译汉语兼语式。,他孩子在聚会上表现得很差，,使,他以为很丢脸。,我能够,陪,你回家吗？,他,驱,车在暴风雨中前进。,这么做会,让,她不高兴。,make,let,32/49,That his children behaved badly at the party much embarrassed him.,May I bring you home?,He fostered his car on through the storm.,To do that will displease her.,33/49,翻译成状语：假如第一个动词为“表彰、批评、埋怨、责备、称赞”则将第二个动词翻译成英语状语从句和短语。,她责备孩子迟迟不回家。,她赞扬女儿工作勤劳。,附近居民们一致赞成市政委员会作出关闭这座小印染厂决定。,34/49,She reproached her child for staying out late.,She praised her daughter for her hard work.,The residents in the neighborhood all applauded the council as it decided to close the small dye factory.,35/49,英语的名词化,36/49,英语名词化,名词化，即用名词表示原来属于动词所表示概念，是英语常见现象。如用抽象名词表示动作、行为改变、状态、品质、情感等概念，使得表示简练、准确。,整个城市,披上了节日盛装,。,医生快速,抵达,，并非常仔细地,检验,病人，所以病人很快就,康复,。,37/49,The whole city is in holiday,array,.,The doctors extremely quick,arrival,and uncommonly careful,examination,of the patient brought about his very speedy,recovery,.,38/49,除了用抽象名词表示行为、动作等概念外，还惯用含有行为、动作意义普通名词代替动词。汉语则由动词加后缀组成名词用来指人（如听众、观众、读者、打字员），不再表示行为、动作。英汉互译时，需要将英语中这类名词译成汉语动词。,计算机比人,检验,得更细心、更勤劳。,他,能吃能睡,。,其父虽善游，,其子岂遽善游哉!,吕氏春秋,那些照片使我,想起,了童年。,39/49,The computer is a far more careful and industrious,inspector,than human beings.,Hes a good,eater,and a good,sleeper,.,But it does not follow that the son of a good,swimmer,can swim.,Those photos served as the,reminder,of my childhood.,40/49,1 英语多用名词结果，造成介词优势。,英语中惯用介词短语取代动词短语，以“静”带“动”。,机器正在,运行,。,他最近在忙着,写,毕业论文。,说完,这些话，他便走开了。,动静转换,(1),41/49,The machine is,in,operation.,Hes been,on,his dissertation these days.,With,these words he went away.,42/49,2 使用英语名词翻译汉语动词,对汉字结构、发展史有所,了解,有利于大家学汉语。,Some,knowledge,about the structure and history of Chinese character is helpful for your study of the language.,动静转换,(2),43/49,哈佛大学，不论它怎样,自命非凡,，终究还是个学府圣地，在那里,把问题看错,了，无非,丢脸,而已，总不至于,完蛋,。,Harvard,despite its,own estimate,of itself,was ultimately an academic heaven where,an error,of interpretation could result only in,a loss of face,not,in extinction,.,44/49,3 使用英语形容词翻译汉语动词,那个家伙老是,滔滔不绝讲个不停,。,That fellow is very talkative.,他读书时,不加选择,。,He was indiscriminate in reading.,他们,迫切地想得到,消息。,They are news-hungry.,动静转换,(3),45/49,分析语与综合语,汉语主要经过词汇和句法伎俩来表示“时”改变，而英语时态主要经过屈折改变。所以，汉英翻译时要注意动词时态正确选择。,46/49,二十岁那年，我就逃出了父亲家庭。直到现在还是过着流浪生活。,（萧红永久憧憬和追求）,When I was twenty,I,fled,home.Since then I,have been wandering,around like hobo.,时,态,47/49,我,原来是,个谦虚慎重、人见人爱孩子，是牛津大学将我弄成这么人见人嫌。,I,was,a modest,good-humored boy;it,is,Oxford that,has made,me insufferable.,48/49,Thank you!,49/49,