代词归纳和习题.doc

代词
　 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

　一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：
　　数　　　　　　单数　　　　 复数　　　　　　
　　格　　　　主格　 宾格　 主格　　宾格　　 　
　　第一人称　 I　　　　me　　 we　　　us　　　
　　第二人称　you　　　you　　you　　　you　 　
　　　　　　　 he　　　 him　　they　　 them 　
　　第三人称　she　　　her　　they　　 them　　　
　　　　　　　 it　　　 it　　 they　　 them 　
　　如：He is my friend.　他是我的朋友。
　　　　It's me.　是我。

　二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。
　数　　　　　单数　　　　　　　复数　　　　　　　　　
人称　　 第一　第二　第三　　第一　第二　第三
　　　　　人称 人称　 人称　　人称　人称　人称　　　　
形容词性　my　your　his/her　 its our your/their
物主代词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

名词性　 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　如： I like his car.
　　　　我喜欢他的小汽车。
　　　　 Our school is here，and theirs is there.　
　　　　我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

　三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。
　　如： That is a good idea.　　　那是个好主意。

　四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。
　　如： She was talking to herself.　 她自言自语。

　五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。
　　如： They love each other.　　他们彼此相爱。

　六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词
1)常见的不定代词有one, both，a11，either, neither, each，every, some, any, none, no, few, little, many, much, other, another等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：
--- Do you have a car?　 --你有一辆小汽车吗？
Yes，I have one.　　--是的，我有一辆。
--- I don't know any of them.　 他们，我一个也不认识。
2） 不定代词的功能与用法
　 a.　除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
　　　I have no idea about it.
　 b.　all 都，指三者以上。
　　　all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
　　　All goes well.　 一切进展得很好。
　c. both　都，指两者。
　 　1. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
　 2. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
　　　Who can speak Japanese?　　We both (all) can.
　d. neither　两者都不
　 1. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
　 2. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
　 3.　可用于下列句型，避免重复。
　　　She can't sing，neither (can) he. 
　 neither 与nor 
　 1.　如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
　　　If you don't do it，neither should I.　如果你不干，我也不干。
　 2. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
　　　 He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.

　e. one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
　I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.　(不定)
　我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
　The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.　(同类但不同个)
　你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
　I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.　( 同一物)
　我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

f. one… the other　只有两个　　　　　　　 one… another，三个以上
some… the others　 只有两大部分 some… others， 范围不定
　others = other people/things the others = the rest　剩余的全部
　1) 泛指另一个用another。 
　2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
　3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
　4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
　5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

G．(a) few 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
　a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
few / little　为否定含义，没有多少了。
　He has a few friends.　　　他有几个朋友。
　He has few friends.　　　 他几乎没有朋友。
　We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
　There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。

　七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
　　如：Tell me who he is.　 告诉我他是谁。

　八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。
　　如： He is the man whom you have been looking for.　 他就是你要找的那个人。

代词加强练习题
1. These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.
A. I B. my C. me D. mine
2.＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.
A. Something, working B. Something, to work
C. Any thing, working D. Anything, to work
3. Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
4. My skirt is＿＿＿ popular than＿＿＿.
A. much, her B. much, hers C. more, her D. more, hers
5. — Can you speak English?
— Yes, but only＿＿＿.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
6. Mr. Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
7. “ ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”
“About once a month.”
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How much
8. Mr. Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
9. “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.” “Good idea!”
A. anything nice B. nice anything C. something nice D. nice something
10. — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?
— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.
A. Some B. Neither C. Either D. Both
11 This is not her kite,　but＿＿＿.
A. he's B. him C. he D. his
12. Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.
A. No B. Many C. Those D. Two
13. Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.
A. few B. many C. more D. fewer
14. There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.
A. anything interesting B. something interesting
C. nothing interesting D. interesting anything
15. September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?
A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher's D. Teachers'
16. — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?
—＿＿＿
A So we do. B. We do so. C. So do we. D. We so do.
17 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?
— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
18.— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?
—＿＿＿ Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.
A. Both, and B. Not, but C. Neither, nor D. Either, or
19. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.
A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other
20. She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.
A. also B either C neither D too
21. I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿ is blue.
A the other B another C others D the others
22 Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know ＿＿＿about the subject.
A little B a little C few D a few
23 My sister doesn't like skating. ＿＿＿.
A So do I B So I don't C Neither I don't D Neither do I
24 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿of them will go to the concert.
A many B little C a few D few
25 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.
A nobody B both C each D any
26 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.
A or B either C nor D and
27. Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.
A many advices B some advices C an advice D some advice
28. I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.
A the other B the others C other D others
29. It was＿＿＿ fine day that they went to the park.
A a so B so a C such a D a such
30 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.
A little B a little C few D a few
31. We must help and understand each＿＿＿.
A other B another C others D the other
32. ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.
A Man B One C That D It
33. I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.
A something B everything C nothing D anything
答案：1-5 BACDD 6-10 DCCCC 11-15 DACAD 16-20 CDCAB
21-25 AADDC 26-30 CDBCC 31-33 ADD