高考英语学习提升课堂：ESA教学理论在高中英语写作教学中的应用.docx

高考英语学习提升课堂：ESA教学理论在高中英语写作教学中的应用一、研究的背景1. 考生英语写作现状分析从我校历年高考结果分析来看，学生的写作局部的成绩不太理想。根据高一(412份) 和高三(432份)调查问卷分析发现，大约仅有20%的高一学生和28%的高三学生对英语 写作有兴趣和信心，有较良好的写作习惯与目标。从高三学生的写作考卷情况看，学生英 语写作存在的主要问题表现在词不成句、词不达意、内容单调、词汇贫乏、语言表达汉语 化、句型单一、语篇缺乏逻辑感、书写潦草不规范等等。2. ESA教学理论概述1998年，英国英语教学专家杰里米哈默(Jeremy Harmer)提出T ESA (即Engage/ Study/Activate)理论。ESA教学模式包含三个阶段，即投入阶段(Engage)、学习阶段 (Study)和运用阶段(Activate)。Harmer指出，无论什么教学内容，教学中都应有投入、学习、运用三个要素，但它们 的先后顺序可以灵活使用。二、ESA教学理论在高中英语写作教学中的应用以一节公开课为例，探讨ESA理论指导下的高中英语写作课堂的教学设计。本节课的教学内容是高二下学期的写作训练课。根据本节课写作教学的三个主要阶段, 笔者组织了多层次的感知引入、模仿写作和实际运用的教学活动。(一) 感知引入请同学们做以下短文改错题。Dear sir or Madam,I buy an electronic dictionary from your website last month. However, some problems have appeared and Im writing to complain of them.First, there are several spelling mistake, that really surprises me a lot. In addition, there arent enough entries （输入）for frequent used words in your dictionary.Besides, because the battery doesnt last long, so I have to keep charging it again and again.On the whole, I am not satisfying with your dictionary. I would like to either change an electronic dictionary for another one that works well or give us a full refund （退全款）. Im looking forward your reply as soon as possible.答案：1. buybought 2. ofabout 3. mistakemistakes 4. thatwhich 5.frequentfrequently 6.删除 because 或so 7. satisfying satisfied 8. anthe 9. usme 10.在 looking forward 加介词 to1. 划出文中亮点（1）However, some problems have appeared and Im writing to complain about them.（2）Besides, the battery doesnt last long, so I have to keep charging it again and again.（3）Im looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.2. 归纳出如何写投诉信模板（1）写投诉信的目的：某人在什么时间、地点遭遇了什么事。Im writing to complain about sth. First, . In addition, . Besides.（2）投诉的原因：具体陈述如何遭到了权益侵害，出现了什么问题或不满意的地方。On the whole, I am not satisfied with sth.（3）希望得到的结果：你期望的解决方案和建议性的意见。Im looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.（二）模仿写作作文题：假设你是李华，你购买了一部某外国公司生产的手机，因质量有问题，要求该公司更 换。请用英文给该公司负责人写一封电子邮件，要点包括：1. 手机不响铃，不能发短信；2. 该产品已售完，无法更换；3. 型号新，无配件，无法维修；4. 要求公司尽快予以更换。注意：1.词数100左右：2.参考词汇：配件spare part请同学们自主完成以下习作：Dear Sir,Last week, I bought an mobile phone of BLU Life One X-4G LTE at your Tele Mall.(1)(2), it didn,t ring or send short messages. (3), I tookit to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at leastthree months for a new one. (4), it was impossible to fix it without right spareparts because it was a new model.On the whole, (5)Therefore, I would like to either change it for another one that works well or give mea full refund. (6)Sincerely yours,Li Hua参考答案：(1) There was something wrong with it and Im writing to complain about it. (2) First (3) In addition (4) Besides (5) I am not satisfied with your mobile phone (6) Im looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.(三) 实际运用分组写作作文题：假定你是李华，春节期间随父母到香港旅游。期间遭到导游对游客权益的侵害(如强 迫购物以及强加旅游费用等)。请给某英文报社写一封投诉性，内容包括：1. 投诉原因；2. 具体的权益侵害；3. 期望如何解决。注意：1.词数100左右。2.参考词汇：导游tour guide,态度attitude,强迫force,侮辱和威胁insult and threaten,强加收费 pay extra charges,关注 pay attention to,采取措施 take measuresDear editor,I have just come back from my trip to Hong Kong with my parents.教师引导学生通过头脑风暴，回顾一些与写作有关的词汇，分析在写作中需要表达的 要点句型。如：产品有问题Sth. doesnt work / function well.Some problems appear / come up.There is something wrong with.There are some problems with.如何投诉Im writing to make a complaint about.Im writing to complain about.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction /disappointment with.如何表达愿望I would appreciate it if you.Im looking forward to your early reply.Thank you for your consideration.教师通过学生即席示范一小组协作一自评互评等环节，让学生参与到教学中，既 有句子层面的讨论，乂有构思、谋篇布局到语言运用诸方面的探讨，乂有整篇文章的相互 修改和润色。最后环节，老师点评，肯定黑板上学生作文的优点，指出缺乏或者可提升的 地方，然后布置学生课后对写作成果进行评价反应，重新修改所写文章。根据一系列教学实践，ESA教学理论在高中英语写作教学中产生了积极的影响，效果 较为明显。从高二开始接手到高三高考结束，两个班的平均分从开始落后于其它班级10 分左右到高考时成为学校的最高分，超同级英语科平均分约2分。三、ESA教学理论在高中英语写作教学中的反思教师在ESA教学理论下的教学活动中也必须思考以下几点：1. 教师在教学过程中要转的“角色”。教师仅仅是学生写作过程中的助手，负责调动学 生的写作积极性，提供指导、鼓励和帮助。教师要善于发现学生写作过程中的差异表现， 评价要偏向肯定和褒奖，有利于激发学生的信心和兴趣，提高写作效率。2. 教师要设计和搭建合理的教学架构。3. 师生之间要有有效互动。4. 教师要更加关注学情。