高一英语Unit-4-Unforgettable-Experiences人教版-知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences人教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences

教学目标：掌握Unit 4词汇及词性变化
教学重难点：掌握分词的结构分类和主要用法

（一）词汇
host n. 男主人，男主持人
hostess n. 女主人
occur v. 发生
It occurs（to sb.）that…
fire n. 火
make a fire
catch fire
set fire to
set sth. on fire
put out the fire
scare v. 吓唬
scared a. 受惊吓的，害怕的
scary a. 吓人的，恐怖的
fright n. 恐惧
frighten v. 吓唬
frightened a. 受惊吓的，害怕的
frightening a. 吓人的，恐怖的
disaster n. 灾难
disastrous a. 灾难性的
rescue v. 救援
advance v. n. 前进，进步，预先
in advance
advanced a. 先进的
seize v. 抓住，取得

swallow v. 吞
chew v. 咀嚼
digest v. 消化
辨析draw，drag，pull
draw和drag都译为“拖，拽”，draw比起drag，更为轻盈，随意，但它俩都用于拉重物时可以互换，pull只是一般性词汇，只表示“拉、拽”与push相对。
struggle v. 斗争，挣扎
struggle against
struggle for/ to do
strive v. 斗争，努力
strive to do
endeavor v. 努力，奋力
endeavor to do
shake v. 摇晃，震动
shake one’s hand
shake hands with
shake one’s head
strike，tap，knock，pat
strike译为“打击，袭击，受感触”，
如：The president decides to strike the terrorism.
This city was struck by a severe tornado.
He was struck by the beautiful scenery.
tap译为“敲打，敲击”，与knock相近，knock译为“敲打，撞击”
pat译为“拍打”
如：“ … ” Father said to me patting my shoulder.
destroy v. 毁坏，摧毁
ruin v. 毁坏
in ruins
fear n.
for fear of
in fear of
fearful a. 害怕的，可怕的
be fearful of
fearless a. 无畏的

（二）本章语法
1. 分词的结构
我们所说的分词包括现在分词和过去分词
现在分词结构主要有：doing，being done，having done，having been done
过去分词只有done
2. 分词的用法
（1分词做表语，
如：The basketball match was very exciting.
He was surprised to hear the news.
（2）分词做定语
如：The sleeping boy is my nephew.
The boy sleeping on the chair is my nephew.
This shop only sells used books.
The city destroyed in the World War Two is now very beautiful.
（3）分词做宾补
如：I saw him cooking just now.
He found his room cleaned.
（4）分词做状语，做状语的分词一般在句首，表示时间，方式，条件和原因，起到时间，方式，条件和原因状语从句的作用；放在句末一般表示伴随着谓语动词的一种情况或结果。
如：Entering the room, I found myself alone.
Being watched, he said nothing.
Crowded with people, the room can not hold any more.
Having finished his homework he went out.
Having been asked to leave, he prepared his luggage.
Using this pen, you can write more fluently.
Considered from this point of view, this question is important.
Being busy, he didn’t go to the party.
Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, they’ve made up their mind to study hard.
The girl went to school wearing a red skirt.
The professor walked to the lab, followed by some students.
While waiting there, he thought of a good idea.
When heated for a long time, water can boil.
On hearing the news, we were all surprised.
（5）分词的时态和语态
只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化，而且只有它做状语和定语时才有，表语和宾补时的现在分词一般只用普通式doing。
现在分词一般表示与谓语动词同时发生或先于谓语动词发生的动作。
如：He came into the room, singing happily.
Hearing the news, she burst into laugh.
现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，
如：Having eaten too much, he nearly couldn’t stand up.
Not having seen the result of the game, he asked the man next to him.
现在分词的被动语态一般表示一个被动的动作正在进行，
如：The man being operated on is his brother.
Being heated, water gives out steam.
现在分词的被动语态完成式一般表示一个被动的动作先于谓语动词已完成，
如：Having been surrounded, the enemy had to lay down their weapons.
Having been told not to go, they stayed there.
过去分词只有一种形式，同时表示被动与完成，与现在分词被动完成式相似，但后者更强调完成。
如：Given a good chance, he will succeed.
Having been given enough money, he set off.

【典型例题】
[例1] Don’t put the chair so near to the fireplace, dry wood ______ fire easy.
A. sets B. catches C. on D. put out
（答案为B，着火用catch fire）
[例2] Full of ______, he closed his eyes.
A. fright B. frighten C. frightened D. frightening
（答案为A，fright为名词）
[例3] ______ by the heavy typhoon, the city has changed a lot.
A. Struck B. Striking
C. Being struck D. Having been struck
（答案为D，被动且强调完成）
[例4] Unluckily, he didn’t ______ the opportunity in time.
A. hold B. take C. receive D. seize
（答案为D，“抓住机会”用seize）
[例5] Such a person ______ you talked about is seldom seen now.
A. that B. as C. who D. whom
（答案为B，such修饰先行词的定语从句中关系词用as）
[例6] He got up late, he had to run ______ to school.
A. all the way B. on the way
C. in the way D. by the way
（答案为A，all the way尽全力）
[例7] The big fire ______ many houses by now.
A. damages B. ruins C. destroys D. has destroyed
（答案为D，完成时）
[例8] The woman ______ was taken to the police station.
A. who caught stealing B. to be caught stealing
C. caught stealing D. caught to steal
（答案为C，定语加伴随，主动语态catch sb. doing，在某人做…抓住某人）
[例9] You can use a big plastic bottle ______ was cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
A. the top B. whose top
C. with its top D. the top of it
（答案为B，定语从句）
[例10] ______ for the bus, he read the newspaper.
A. Waited B. Waiting C. To wait D. Waited
（答案为B，现在分词表同时，主动）
[例11] The driver looked sadly at his broken car, ______ how much it would take him to repair it.
A. wondered B. wondering
C. being wondered D. wonders
（答案为B，同上）
[例12] __ the long journey, they took a rest.
A. Finished B. Having finished
C. Finishing D. Having been finished
（答案为B，主动，完成）
[例13] ______ as the best one in the city, the factory was given a medal.
A. To regard B. Having regarded
C. Regarding D. Regarded
（答案为D，被动）

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择填空
1. for the bus , he read the newspaper .
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Waited D. Being waited
2. His funny story made us .
A. are laugh B. laughed C. laugh D. to be laughing
3. Don’t let your son continue any longer .
A. to crying B. crying C. cry D. cried
4. Did you see the film last week ?
A. was showing B. was shown C. showing D. shown
5. The long talk was and all of us were of it .
A. tired .. tiring B. tiring … tired C. tiring … tiring D. tired … tired
6. We saw something from the tree .
A. hanging B. hangs C. has hanging D. was hung
7. The driver looked sadly at the broken car , how much it would cost to repair it .
A. wonder B. wonders C. wondered D. wondering
8. She was very with the students .
A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. to satisfy
9. ,she saw a passenger passing by quickly .
A. To surprise B. Be surprised C. Surprising D. Surprised
10. translating the articles , they had a rest .
A. Finished B. Finishing C. To have finished D. Having finished
11. If you wave a piece of paper in front of your mouth , you can feel the air .
A. having moved B. moved C. moving D. to move
12. Huck immediately got the bike .
A. repaired B. to repair C. to be repaired D. repair
13. Every night the mad girl has the lights all night long .
A. burnt B. to burn C. burning D. to be burning
14. All the guests here , we began the dancing party .
A. had been B. be C. having been D. were
15. by the party , we are going forward from victory to victory .
A. Leading B. Lead C. Led D. To lead
16. as the best one in the city , the factory was given a medal .
A. To regard B. Having regarded C. Regarding D. Regarded
17. The students are waiting for the problems .
A. to settle B. settle C. to be settled D. steeling
18. that a storm was coming , the captain changed the course .
A. Having been warned B. To be warned
C. Having warned D. Warning
19. Not the colour TV set , she returned sadly .
A. buying B. bought C. having bought D. to be bought
20. working in the town , he made many good friends there .
A. If B. While C. As D. And

二. 改写填空根据第一句意思，在第二句的空白处用非谓语动词填空，每空限用一词使两句意保持不变。
21. While she was watching the film , she could not keep back her tears .
the film , she could not keep back her tears .
22. The explanation which you gave us is wrong .
The explanation us is wrong .
23. When he had collected all the materials , he set about writing the report .
all the materials , he set about writing the report .
24. I did not find my teacher’s house because I had been given a wrong address .
a wrong address , I didn’t find my teacher’s house .
25. If you think it over , you will have a good idea .
it over , you will have a good idea .
26. After he received the letter , he made a phone call to his girl friend .
the letter , he made a phone call to his girl friend .
27. As I don’t know much English , I’m afraid I can’t express myself clearly .
much English , I’m afraid I can’t express myself clearly .
28. Food that was prepared for him grew cold again .
Food for him grew cold again .
29. The package which was posted just now will reach her in four days .
The package just now will reach her in four days .
30. The old man went into the hospital and was supported by his daughter .
The old man went into the hospital , by his daughter .
31. As my deskmate was very ill , we picked him up to the hospital at once .
My deskmate very ill , we picked him up to the hospital at once .
32. The clothes which are being mended by the girl students are mine .
The clothes by the girl students are mine .
33. Tod stood there dumbfounded and held a large note in his hand .
a large note in his hand , Tod stood there dumbfounded .
34. The professor did the experiment while some students observed beside him .
The professor did the experiment with some students beside him .

三. 用括号所给的词的正确形式填空
1. （drive）too fast , he hit the tree .
2. Rooms （face）south get much light .
3. While （wander）by the river , he found a wallet lying on the ground .
4. The （lose）child was crying for his mother .
5. The pupils found a tin of paint （leave）by the workers .
6. （be）sick , he went to see a doctor .
7. （give）the information , he knew what to do next .
8. The story he told was so （interest）that we were all （interest）in it .
9 The news is （disappoint）and they are （disappoint）at it .
10. I never saw a man （wound）so badly .
11. There are a number of people （come）to get examined .
12. Some of the questions （raise）are very difficult to answer .
13. They were discussing the problems when they heard a name （call）.
14. （live）here for years , the old man knows the place well .
15. How do you like the play （put）on now by the students of Class Three ?
16. When we got there , we found all the books （sell）out .
17. This is a （touch）story , I hope you will like it .
18. Sorry , I don’t know , you may ask the man （seat）there .

【试题答案】
一.
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D
8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. C
15. C 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B

二.
1. Watching 2. given 3. Having collected 4. Having been given
5. Thinking 6. Having received 7. Not knowing 8. prepared
9. posted 10. supported 11. being 12. being mended
13. Holding 14. observing

三.
1. Driving 2. facing 3. wandering
4. lost 5. left 6. Being
7. Having been given 8. interesting , interested
9. disappointing , disappointed 10. wounded
11. coming 12. raised
13. called 14. Having lived
15. being put 16. sold
17. touching 18. seated

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