高一英语-单元单词短语句型知识梳理-Unit18-大纲人教版第一册.doc

Unit 18
理解:要点诠释
单词
1.settle
讲: v. 决定；解决；定居；放置；使安静；栖息
例：He has settled to buy a car.
他决定买车。
Let’s settle the date of the next meeting.
我们来商定下次集会的日期。
The problem has not been settled yet.
那个问题至今尚未解决。
They got married and settled in London.
他们结了婚并在伦敦定居。
His words settled my fears.
他的话平息了我的不安。
链接·提示
(1)settle down舒适地坐下或躺下；(在某地)定居下来；过安定的生活
(2)settle(down)to sth.开始认真对待；定下心来做
(3)settle for sth.勉强接受
练：(1)With many difficult problems _________,the president is having a hard time.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
提示:考查with的复合结构，从下文看，难题还没有解决。故选C。
答案:C
(2)Knowing how long the test would last,the students who finished _______ back and waited until the end of the exam.
A.settle B.settled C.settling D.to settle
提示:该题考查句子结构。学生易受思维定势的影响，错选C项，其实who finished是定语从句，选项作谓语，故选B。句意为:由于知道考试要持续多长时间，那些做完的学生安静地坐着，等待考试结束。
答案:B
2.possession
讲: n. 具有；拥有；个人财产；私人物品
例：The gang were caught in possession of stolen goods.
这伙人被逮着，人赃俱获。
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel.
出国旅行必须持有护照。
The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
这只戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
链接·提示
(1)take possession of占有；占领
(2)come into the possession of被某人占有；落入某人手中
(3)in one’s possession=in the possession of sb.由某人所有/控制
练：It is said that the white people then came to this land.They _______ of the land.
A.owned B.took possession C.seized D.caught
提示:由空格后的of构成take possession of短语，意为“占有，占领”，决定答案只能是B。
答案:B
短语
1.turn to
讲:该短语的义项有“向……(寻求帮助等)；翻到；查阅；转到”。
例：Some farmers have turned to keeping deer,and there are about 4500 deer farms in the country.
某些农场主已经转业养鹿，全国的养鹿场已经达到4500个左右。
He turned to me and said hello to me.
他转向我向我问好。
If you are in trouble,please turn to me.
如果你有麻烦，请找我。
练：(2010北京海淀期末) Although the teacher did not mention any names,everybody knew who he was _________.
A.attending to B.turning to C.referring to D.talking to
提示:本题考查动词短语辨析。attend to意为“注意；照顾”，turn to意为“求助于”，refer to意为“提到；谈到”；talk to意为“同某人交谈”。
答案：C
2.burst out
讲:该短语的义项有“突然迸发；突然出现”。
例：They burst out laughing/crying.
他们突然大笑(哭)起来。
“I don’t believe it!” burst out the angry woman.
“我不相信！”这位生气的妇女突然说道。
链接·拓展
(1)burst into突然闯入；突然开始；突然发生
He burst into the room.
他突然闯进房间。
She burst into laughter/tears.
她突然笑(哭)起来。
The hall burst into cheers when the singer appeared.当歌手出场时，大厅里爆发出欢呼声。
The oil-stove upset and burst into flames.
油炉翻倒，立刻燃烧起来。
(2)burst in(on)打扰
It was very rude of you to burst in on Father while he was working.
父亲工作期间，你打扰他是不礼貌的。
Stop him bursting in.别让他插嘴。
(3)burst on突然出现
The view burst on our sight.
那景象突然出现在我们面前。
练：As soon as she saw her boyfriend,she ______ tears.
A.burst into B.broke out
C.burst out D.broke in
提示:break out为不及物动词短语，表示“爆发”；break in不及物动词短语，“突然闯入”。burst out后跟动名词形式；burst into后跟名词形式，故选A，burst into tears“突然哭起来”。
答案:A
句型
of+抽象名词
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
新西兰的酒质量很好，畅销全世界。
of+抽象名词”可以用作表语、后置定语或补足语，意思是“……的，具有……的”说明性质。作表语时，构成“be+of+抽象名词”，等于“be+该名词的形容词”。
例：He is a man of ability.(=He is an able man.)
他是一个有能力的人。
This stone is of great value.(=This stone is very valuable.)
这颗宝石很珍贵。
This matter is of great importance.(=This matter is very important.)
这件事很重要。
练：—Where can I get ________ information about a long journey?
—Nothing is of ________ than a map,I think.
A.an;greater help B.a piece of;greater price
C.some;better useful D.some;greater value
提示:information是不可数名词，不可使用不定冠词，排除A项；依据“be+of+抽象名词”排除B、C两项。
答案:D
辨析
1.make up,be made up of,make up for
(1)make up的意思比较多，常用的有“化妆；编造；……组成……；占……(比例)，”这时要注意，make up为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思另外，take up也有“占……”的意思，但指的是“某样东西占据空间”。
(2)be made up of...由……组成，这里为被动形式，表示“一个整体是由几个部分组成”。
注意比较:consist of也有“……由……组成”的意思，但要使用主动形式。
例：This club consists of more than 200 members.
这个俱乐部由200多名会员组成。
比较:This club is made up of more than 200 members.
(3)make up for弥补
即时练习:
(1)She took over 30 minutes to ________ herself ________.
(2)Is she telling the truth,or ________ it all ________?
(3)We need one more player to ________ a team.
(4)They ________ about six percent of the total population.
(5)The committee ________ seven members.
(6)He drove faster to ________ lost time.
答案:(1)make,up 2)making,up (3)make up (4)make up (5)is made up of (6)make up for
2.deal with,do with,do without
(1)do with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用what引导。含有“处理；处置；对待(不用被动语态)；以……将就(不用被动语态)；放置(常用过去时或完成时态，不用被动语态)；忍受(与cannot连用，不用被动语态)”。
(2)do without的意思为“没有……什么也行；将就；用不着”。
(3)deal with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用how引导。主要义项有“对付；处理；论及……(和do with同义，主要区别在于特殊疑问词)；相处；与……交易(不用于被动语态)”。
即时练习:
(1)Your clothes are worn out.What did you ________ them?
(2)He didn’t know what to ________ the property his father had left.
(3)The new teacher didn’t know what to ________ the class.
(4)Butter was so expensive that we had to _______ margarine(人造奶油)in those days.
(5)What have you ________ papers for the meeting?
(6)I cannot ________ the loud noise.
(7)We cannot ________ a telephone in our business.
(8)There wasn’t any coffee left,so we had to ________ it.
(9)He knows well how to ________ children.
(10)I think the problem should be ________ quickly.
(11)This book ________ ancient history of China.
答案:(1)do with (2)do with (3)do with (4)do with (5)done with (6)do with (7)do without (8)do without (9)deal with (10)dealt with (11)deals with
诱思:实例点拨
【例1】 (2010江苏高考) Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.
A.turning up B.putting up
C.making up D.showing up
提示:turn up出现；露面；put up建立；搭起；make up编造；组成；show up显现；使显眼。依据句意，选C项。
答案:C
【例2】 (2010山东高考) With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A.is washing away B.is being washed away
C.are washing D.are being washed away
提示:依据with的复合结构判断，森林正在被毁，大量的好土正在被冲走。所以用现在进行时的被动语态。当quantity 修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词的单复数与quantity 的单复数保持一致，试比较:A large quantity of water is wasted every day.Large quantities of water are wasted every day.
答案:D
讲评:本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。
【例3】 (2010全国高考Ⅰ) The chairman thought ______ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A.that B.it C.this D.him
提示:本题考查it作形式宾语的用法，真正的宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。it的这种用法常用在动词find,believe,hate,like,think等之后，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
答案:B
讲评:it在固定句型中的用法是高考考查的热点之一，平时应注意总结掌握。
【例4】 (2010全国高考Ⅱ) The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday,but ______ didn’t help.
A.it B.she C.which D.he
提示:本题考查替代词的用法，由上文可知，空格处不指人，而是指上文的语意，排除B、D两项；由题干中表示转折的词but可知，该句不是非限制性定语从句，排除C项。A项中的it指代上文叙述的内容。
答案:A
讲评:解本题时，既要了解it的基本用法，又要正确分析句子结构。

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