高一英语期末复习-(一)人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语期末复习 （一）人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
期末复习（一）
1. 构词法：合成法
2. 语法复习：名词性从句

二、重、难点讲解
构词法：合成法
合成形容词一定要有连字符， 其中名词不可用复数。
a 2000-word-report 一份两千字的报告
an 800-metre-long bridge 一座八百米长的桥
翻译：一个五岁的男孩
合成名词变复数
1）通常将里面所包含的主体名词变为复数。
looker(s)-on 旁观者 son(s)-in-law 女婿
2没有主体的名词变为复数。
go-between(s) 中间人 draw-back(s) 缺陷
3）如果前面一个起修饰作用的名词是 man 或woman 时，则这个合成词的前后两个名词均要变成复数。
a man servant→men-servants 男仆人
a woman manager→women-managers 女经理
复习：名词性从句
1. 在复合句中发挥名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
What he wants is a book.
I think that he is honest.
My worry is whether they will arrive on time.
We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
2. 名词性从句的考查重点
名词性从句的语序：陈述语序
连接词的考查
从句类型
连接词
句式
陈述句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
宾语从句
That
if / whether
特殊疑问词
主语从句
That
whether
特殊疑问词
陈述句
表语从句
That
whether
特殊疑问词
陈述句
同位语从句
That
whether
特殊疑问词
陈述句
（1）that 和 what 的选用
that 和 what 都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
what通常不引导同位语从句，而that则可以。
what除了起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，做从句中的主语、宾语或表语。
that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可以省略。
e.g. What you have done might do harm to others.
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
The result is that we won the game.
This is what we are looking for.
The trouble is that what they say doesn’t agree with what they do.
Let’s know what is happening there.
The news that China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was exciting.
(2) if 和whether的选用
引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句，不能用if, 只能用whether. 引导动词后的宾语从句，可用if或者 whether。
e.g. I asked her if / whether she had a bike.
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
We’re worried about whether he is safe.
The question is whether he should do it.
The doctor can hardly answer the question whether the old man can
survive a major operation.
I don’t know whether or not he is well. / I don’t know whether / if he is well or not.
(3) 其他连接代词和副词的选用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词。这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在句中充当各种成分。
e.g. When we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
I don’t know who broke the glass yesterday.
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference.
I have no idea what he looks like.
This is where I left my glasses.
(4) whatever / whoever 的功用。
可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 这种用法中，whatever, whoever 在从句中通常不含疑问意义。
whatever = anything that ; whoever = anyone who
注意和whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。
e.g. Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.
We will do whatever we can to help the poor children.
I will give the dictionary to whoever needs it.
宾语从句的时态呼应
(1) 如果主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意的需要而用任何一种时态.
e.g. He believes that his dream will come true some day.
Please tell me what you think of the project.
(2) 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态. 但是,如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等, 从句谓语通常用一般现在时.
e.g. He told me that he was preparing for the examination.
He said that he had been away from his hometown for ten years.
He asked me where I lived.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
同位语从句的引导词和辨别
(1) 同位语从句的引导词
能接同位语从句的名词有: fact, idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice, reply, answer, saying 等.
that 常用来引导同位语从句, whether, when, where等也可引导同位语从句.
e.g. He gave us many suggestion that we (should) get up earlier and take more exercise.
The news that Beijing won the bid to hold the 2008 Olympic Games greatly encouraged us.
I have no idea where he comes from.
He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
(2) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
e.g. We expressed the hope (that ) they had expressed (定语从句)
We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. (同位语从句)
It作形式主语的主语从句常见句型
(1) It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is clear that they badly need help.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
(2) It + be + 名词词组 + that从句 (a fact, a good idea, a pity, no wonder, good news)
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
—— Tom has a bad cold.
—— It is no wonder that he looks pale.
(3) It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 (said, reported, believed, expected, well-known)
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
It is reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.
(4) It + seems / happens / appears / doesn’t matter + that 从句
It happened that was out that day.
It seems that Brown is not coming to the party at all.
宾语从句中的语气
(1) 主句的谓语是表示命令、建议、要求等词时，从句用虚拟语气。（should + V原型）
这类动词有：一坚持 insist； 二命令 order, demand；三建议 suggest, propose, advise；
四要求ask, require, request, demand
e.g. Her mother insisted that she (should) take a one-week rest before going back to work.
Our teacher suggested that we go there on foot.
(2) wish 和would rather 后的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气
I wish I were a millionaire.
I would rather you went there tomorrow.

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. He asked ______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I pay how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
4. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons
A. What , why B. That , what C. What , because D. Why , that
5. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _____he had done the day before.
A. that B how C. where D. what
6. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B Who C. That D Whether
7. _____ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever
8. What the doctor really doubts is ___my mother will recover from serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
9. _____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It , that C. There , whether D. It , whether
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
11. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
12. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
13. I remember _____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
14. Go and get your coat. It’s _____ you left it .
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
15. —— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—— Is that _____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
16. They have no idea at all ______.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
17. No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
18. The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it .
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
19. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he ____ at the party.
A. left, had arrived B. left, arrived
C. had left, had arrived D. had left , arrived
20. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ______ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
21. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
22. —— I think it’s going to be a big problem.
—— Yes, it could be .
—— I wonder ______ we can do about it .
A. if B. how C. what D. that
23. There is a feeling in me _____ we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
24. Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s _____ it takes to do anything well .
A. what B. that C. which D. why
25. _____ be sent to work there ?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
26. —— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—— Oh, that’s ______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
27. Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late .
A. any, who B. every , whoever
C. whichever , whoever D. either, whoever

28. People have heard what the President had said; they are waiting to see ___he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
29. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______road conditions need ________.
A. that , to be improved B. which , to be improved
C. where , improving D. when, improving
30. It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C what D. how

二. 阅读理解
At five he was collecting old newspapers to make money. And when he was 15 he singed his schoolmates up to start a baby-sitting circle.
Now 20, third-year Cambridge University student, Peter Blackburn is managing director of a company with a (30,000) plan. And he thinks it will make more than $15,000 by next summer.
He set up Peter Blackburn Ltd last year to bring out a new, colour term-planner that now students all over the UK are using.
“I felt that most of the planners going around were pretty unimaginative,” he says, “I believed that I could do a better job and decided to have a go”.
Blackburn admits that he is putting far more effort into business than his computer studies course at university. While fellow students are out with their friends, he keeps in touch with his business office in Lancashire by movable phone. Before he set up the company he spent one holiday preparing a plan that would persuade his band to lend him money.
“Most students work hard for a good degree because they believe that will help them get a job to support themselves,” he says “I work hard at my company, because that is what will support me next year, after I leave college.”
Friends believe that Blackburn will make 1 million within 5 years.
He is not quite so sure, however. “There’s a lot to be done yet,” he says.
1. Choose the right order of the facts given in the passage.
a. He spent his holiday preparing a plan.
b. He collected newspapers.
c. He set up his own company.
d. He asked the bank for money.
e. He set up a baby-sitting circle.
A. e, b, c, a, d B. b, e, a, d, c C. b, e, d, a, c D. b, e, c, a, d
2. When he was quite young, Blackburn ______________.
A. already made a lot of money
B. already had a business brain
C. was already managing director of a company
D. already set up his own business.
3. The underline expression in the fourth paragraph “ have a go” , here means ___________.
A. give up this job and have a new one
B. leave the company
C. have a try
D. develop my business quickly
4. In spite of a college student, Blackburn _____________.
A. spends more time on his business than on his studies course
B. keep in touch with his business office by movable phone
C. seldom goes out with his friends
D. often spends whole holiday preparing business plan
5. Which of the following best explain why Blackburn works hard at his company?
A. He wants to do more business practice before he leaves college.
B. He wants to make more money before he leaves college.
C. He wants to get a good job like most students after he leaves the college.
D. He depends on the company for his living in the future.

【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1—10 DDCAD CCCAA 11—20 CBABA AAADB
21—30 DCAAA ACBAC

二. 阅读理解：BBCAD