阅读理解新题型解题技巧市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,阅读了解,（,新题型,）,解题技巧讲座,1/28,Skimming&Scanning,略读和寻读,2/28,题 型,是非判断题(Y/N/NG),句子填空（完成句子）,3/28,解题技巧（略读）,一.略读(Skimming),1.概念：,又称“跳读”(reading and skipping)或“浏览”(glancing)。要求以尽可能快阅读速度，快速获取文章大意或中心思想。即要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过一些细节，以抓住文章大约，从而加紧阅读速度。,目标：,快速把握整体和大局。窥几斑而知全豹。,4/28,2.略读技巧,要利用印刷细节，如标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等进行预测略读(preview skimming)，了解作者思绪和行文模式，方便把握大意、相关细节及其相互关系。,以普通速度(200-250wpm),阅读文章开头两段，力争抓住文章大意、背景情况、文章格调、口吻、语气等。,阅读段落主题句和结论句。,注意转折词和序列词。However,moreover,in addition;firstly,secondly 等。,5/28,解题技巧（寻读）,二.寻读(Scanning),1.概念：,又称“查读”，是一个从大量资料中快速查找某一项详细事实或某一特定信息(如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等等)，而对其它无关部分则略去不读快速阅读方法。,目标：快速寻找特定信息。要什么找什么。,6/28,2.寻读技巧：,利用材料编排形式。比如:,A.按字母次序排列，如：词典、索引、邮编、电话簿,B.按日期和时间排列，如：电视节目。,C.按年代排列，如：历史资料。,D.按类别排列，如：体育比赛。,利用章节标题和说明。,抓住与某详细信息相关提醒词,(signal words)。,e.g.population,census,inhabitants,problem,reason,explanation,等等,。,7/28,解题关键点：,要尊重原文，依据原文，不可凭借自己知识主观臆断。(如：判断N或NG题),要依据原文适当推断，勿做自行推断或过分推断。,题目中若出现,must,only,all,以及,always,答案普通都不是Y。此时，答案可能是N或NG，普通情况是N。,要抓住答案规律。Y与N百分比相当，NG百分比最少(普通只有1或2个)。普通不会连续出现3个一样答案。,相信自己第一感觉，勿轻易改答案。,8/28,解题步骤：,第一步：定位。找出题目在原文中出处。,1.仔细阅读各小标题，归纳出文章主旨或主题。,【Example】,Landfills(考纲样题),How Much Trash Is Generated?,What Is Trash Disposed of?,What Is a Landfill?,Building the Landfill,What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?,How Is a Landfill Operated?,【题目】,1.The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.,【,解题,】,归纳6个小标题为the structure of a landfill,末段为the use of a landfill,故能够初步判定该题目与主旨吻合。,9/28,2.找出题目中关键词，最好先定位到原文中一个段落。,详细做法：,将题目中关键词与原文各段落小标题或每段话第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中一个段落。如此能够大大降低做题时间，提升准确率。,Example,Americans generateWhat happens to this trash?Some gets recycled or recovered and some is burned,but the,majority,is,buried,in,landfills,.,How is trash disposed of?,about 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted,16 percent is buried and,57 percent,is,buried,in,landfills,.,题目,2.most of the trash that Americans generate,ends up,in landfills.,解题,依据谓语动词ends up可将答案定位于标题How is Trash disposed of?所在段落。,10/28,3.快读段落，另找关键词确定答案所在句。,题目,2.most of the trash that Americans generate,ends up,in landfills.,解题,题目标关键词为most及ends up,landfills 为线索词。故判定答案为Y。,小窍门,考试题中若出现most,majority,measure,fee,size,cost,speed等与数字相关名词，可直接与原文中某一详细数字联络在一起。,4.细读答案句，筛选出正确答案。,5.注意次序性。题目标次序和原文次序基本一致。,11/28,第二步：判断。依据以下标准和规律，确定正确答案。,一.判断题(Yes/No/Not Given),1.Y(for Yes)型题判断标准。,1)题目是原文同义表示法，通惯用同义词或同义结构。,【Example】,原文 In most parts of the world,there are regulations that govern,where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate,题目 5.In most countries the selection of a landfill site,is governed by rules and regulations.,判断题,12/28,2)题目是依据原文中几句话作出推断或归纳。这类题目需要考生简单推断，但勿自行推理或过分推理。,【Example】,原文 Compare our admission inclusive fare and see how much you save.Cheapest is not the best.,If you compare our bargain,Daybreak fares,beware most of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare.,题目 5.,Daybreak fares,are,expensive,than,most of their competitors,.,解题 文章即使没有直接提到 fares费用比绝大多数竞争对手都昂贵，但依据原文可推断出 Daybreak和绝大多数竞争对手相比，收费更高，但服务项目更全，与题目意思一致，故判定为Y。,判断题,13/28,判断题,2.N(for No)型题判断标准。,1)题目与原文直接相反。通惯用反义词、not 加同义词及反义结构。,【Example】,原文,A landfill is not like a compost pile,(混和肥料堆),where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose(分解)quickly.,题目 4.,Landfills are like compost piles,in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.,解题 原文中说A landfill is not like a compost pile，但题目中却说Land fills are like compost piles。二者完全相反，故判定为N。,14/28,2)原文用bothand,and,or,also等词列举两个或多个情形(通常为两个)并存，而题目却用must或only等词说成是其中一个情况。反之亦然。这种以偏概全或添油加醋现象可判定为N。,【Example】,原文 In the United States,taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities,题目 4.In the United States,the building of landfills is the job of,both,federal,and,local government.,解题 原文中说taking care of trash and building landfills 只是local government责任，但题目中却说是both federal and local government工作。添油加醋，故判定为N。,判断题,15/28,3)题目是原文中比较级误用或与原文中表示比较概念词语相混同。,【Example】,原文 The United States ranks somewhere,in the middle of,the major countries(United Kingdom,Canada,)in landfill disposal.The United Kingdom,ranks highest,burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.,题目 3.Compared with other major industrialized countries,America buries,a much higher,percentage of its solid waste in landfills.,解题 原文中提到The United Kingdom ranks highest,burying solid waste in landfills.但题目中却说是America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills,与原文矛盾。故判定为N。,注意：much higher in the middle of.,判断题,16/28,4)原文和题目使用了表示不一样范围、频率、可能性词。,原文中用many,sometimes及unlikely等词。而题目中惯用all,usually,always及impossible等词。,【Example】,原文 Without a qualification from a reputable school or university,it is unlikely to find a job.,题目 It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.,解题 原文中unlikely强调是“不太可能”，但题目中却说是impossible(完全不可能)，语气过于绝对。故判定为N。提醒：unlikely impossible.,判断题,17/28,5)原文中包含由if,unless,if not 等引导条件状语，而题目中则少掉条件成份。这种断章取义情况可判定为N。,【Example1】,原文 The Internet is a hazardous tool,if it is not properly used.,题目 The Internet is dangerous.,【Example 2】,原文 The corruption cannot be well wiped out,unless an efficient mechanism is set up to deal with it.,题目 The corruption can never be eradicated.,判断题,18/28,3.NG(for Not Given),型题判断标准。,1)题目中关键内容在原文中没有提及或找不到依据,【Example】,原文 In addition,there is a,household hazardous waste,drop-off station for chemicals(paints,pesticides)that are banned from the landfill Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants,题目 7.Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.,解题 原文中即使提到家庭制造危险垃圾，但一直没有提到危险垃圾倒进垃圾填埋场之前该怎样处理。故判定为NG。,判断题,19/28,2)题目中包括范围小于原文包括范围，即愈加详细。,【Example1】,原文 Tourists in South Africa come mainly from,Europe,.,题目 Tourists in South Africa come mainly from,England,.,4)题目中有比较级，而原文中则没有。,【Example1】,原文 In Sydney,a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants,can be found to suit all palates and pockets.,题目 There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.,判断题,20/28,4)原文是某人目标、目标、想法、愿望、确保、立誓等，而题目则说成是事实。【事实vs.观点】,【Example1】,原文 His,aim,was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.,题目 Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.#,判断题,21/28,二.补全句子题型解题标准,1.题目中“形名”结构由原文中“动副”结构转换而来，即：原文中“动状结构”转换成题目中“定中（心词）结构”。这是这一考试类型经典特征。,【Example】,原文 A landfill,such as the North Wake County Landfill,must be open and available everyday.,Customers are typically,municipalities and construction companies,although residents may also use the landfill.,题目 8.,Typical customers,of the landfill are_.,解题 Customers are typical,Typical customers are.,答案,municipalities and construction companies.,补全句子,22/28,2.题目中句子结构与原文中决子结构没有显著区分，答案确实定可依据题目中某个关键词。,【Example】,原文 As customers enter the site,their trucks are weighed at the scale house.Customers are,charged,tipping fees for using the site.The tipping,fees,vary from$10 to$40 per ton.,题目 9.To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill,customers have to pay a tipping fee of _.,解题 关键词：fee,cost,speed,size.,答案,$10 to$40。#,补全句子,23/28,Reading In Depth,仔细阅读了解,之,篇章词汇题了解题,24/28,解题技巧,一.跳读全文，抓住文章中心思想。,二.阅读词库选项，对词性进行分类。,三.瞻前顾后，灵活选择。,四.复读全文，慎重调整。,25/28,解题步骤,一.判定要填入词词性时，要注意空格前后内容，最少是一个单词，这么能够大大缩小选择范围。另外，判定词性时能够重点分析动词时态，即哪几个是普通时，哪几个时过去时，哪几个是过去分词。,注意：,这类考题不要求考生改写选项，所以，依据上下文时态对应标准，可缩小选择范围。,26/28,二.假如选项中出现一组反义词时，往往又一个是干扰选项，它重视考查是对文章框架了解，要求考生了解整篇文章语境色彩，如主动与消极，必定是否定，褒义与贬义等。,Example:,Soon after she came to the university,she was losing interest in her study.Therefore,study was becoming her _.,备选项：,breakthrough,blessing,nightmare.,27/28,三.要有总体观，无须按次序做题。,标准：先做有把握词，方便缩小范围，最终重点围剿悬而未决空格。,28/28,