高考英语完形填空解题技巧2省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,解题思路与技巧,完形填空,第1页,完型填空,考查综合利用语言能力,：,词语辨析能力,语法结构分析能力,语篇了解能力,逻辑推理能力,文化背景透析能力,作者意图剖析能力,生活常识综合利用能力,第2页,近几年高考完形填空题在命题设计上出现了重大突破，一改过去对语法，句式关系及固定句型考查，而侧重于考查学生逻辑思维能力和对详细语境把握，尤其是对整体语义了解能力。它要求考生不但要有比较扎实语言知识，较大词汇量，而且要含有一定语篇分析能力及逻辑思维能力。要做好这种题型，考生除了必备语言基础知识和基本技能之外，还应了解其命题特点，掌握一定解题技巧。做完形填空时要注意文章开头提醒句点题作用和短文中完整句启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，搞清各段落之间，各层次之间内在联络，把握文章完整性。只有这么才符合这种题型解题思绪。详细讲，还应注意以下几个方面：,第3页,一、完形填空要考查几个方面:,1,.,依据上下文语境来确定最正确选项近年来完形填空试题在选项设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意干扰，即把详细语言知识溶进详细语言情景中去，考查考生经过上下文前后提醒或暗示，对整体文意进行把握能力。这种考查方式所占百分比较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确，若放在全局，则不一定正确。所以，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，经过上下文语境来选择答案是处理这类题关键。,第4页,例1：,I climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor,I was,1,and the same time feeling lonely.Worse still,Dad,2,a step and fell,sending my new suitcase,3,down the stairs.1.A.helpless B.lazy C.anxious D.tired2.A.took B.minded C.missed D.picked3.A.rolling B.passingC.dropping D.turning,分析：,在把握上文“我提着衣箱迟缓地上楼梯”情况下，可知1题答案为D.tired，即当我抵达三楼时，已经很累了；再从父亲“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文信息词“fell”可知此句意思是：父亲少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。所以2、3题答案分别为C、A，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。,D.tired,C.missed,A.rolling,第5页,例2:,But Ella Fant,who was filed with,1,shouted at the top of her voice,Look at,2,Theyre all out of,3,except my John Isnt he the best1.A.sadness B.happiness C.surprise D.regret2.A.them B.those C.that D.him3.A.sight B.order C.mind D.step,分析：考虑上下文语境，第一个空后边既然“是声嘶力竭喊叫”就不能是A、D项，尤其是经过最终一句Isnt he the best推知母亲此时感觉是“幸福”。所以1题答案选B。2题答案选A.them是因为其后用了theyre。3题经过全篇语境知道此时描述游行队伍里一个人步伐与其它人不一样，答案应与“步伐”相关，所以答案选D.step。,B.happiness,A.them,D.step,第6页,2.,依据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理NMET完形填空往往以本身内容提供完整语篇信息，其间交织渗透着各类相关文化背景知识和生活常识，考查考生灵活利用该方面知识能力。处理这类题目，考生不但要有广博知识、丰富生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文，不但了解文章表层意义，而且要搞清文章深层意义。当对语言把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。,第7页,例1：,It was an early morning in summer.In the streets,sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly,heading towards their,1,.This was the beginning of another,2,day in New York City.1.A.jobs B.homes C.buses D.offices2.A.working B.hot C.same D.ordinary,分析：从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生可能会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班方式也有步行、骑车或坐地铁，也有自己开车去。人们上班有去农场、煤矿，还有去工厂车间，不一定去办公室。所以，C.buses和D.offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平日经常，所以2题答案是D.ordinary。,A.jobs,D.ordinary,第8页,例2：（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast,29,bed and bring him the papers to,30,.29.A.to B.at C.in D.by30.A.check B.read C.keep D.sign,分析：29题答案是C，bed前面应该用介词in。至于30题，就要用到对应文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是了解文章细节关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可快速推断出最正确选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然事情，这也正与文章主旨相吻合。,C.in,B.read,第9页,3.,依据词语习惯使用方法和固定搭配来选择答案词固定搭配，尤其是动词搭配在完形填空题中出现百分比也是比较大，多数题目包括到动词使用方法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中主要性决定。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词使用方法紧密相关。处理这类题目要求考生多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢靠掌握，并能灵活利用。,第10页,例1：（NMET1992）Mrs.Clark was,38,tea at the time.38.A.cookingB.makingC.burning D.serving,分析：从动词与名词搭配关系角度考虑，“沏茶”用make tea,“上茶”用serve the tea,这是语言使用过程当中约定俗成习惯使用方法，所以该题正确答案是B.making，考生也不应受汉语思维习惯影响而误选A。,B.making,第11页,例2:The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant,1,a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly,2,me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking.It wasnt long,3,the whole room was filled with smoke.,1.A.have B.had C.having D.have had,2.A.seemed B.struck C.sank D.showed,3.A.ago B.after C.before D.now2,分析：解题1选C，是因为它这里是表伴随。解题2选B是因为struck意思有”使想到”,其它几个意思不符，搭配也不合理。解题3选C，it isnt long before是一个固定搭配句型。,C.having,B.struck,C.before,第12页,4.,依据词汇意义及使用方法辨析词义从而确定答案完形填空题考查即使越来越淡化语法，但对语言点考查依然存在，不过主要表达在词汇搭配和语义辨析两个方面。要做好这种题目，必须尽可能将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索处理问题。,第13页,例1：,Dad taught me a lot about life,especially its hard times.I remembered one of his,1,one night when I was ready to quit(退出)a political campaign（运动）I was losing,and wrote about it in my diary.Tired,feeling the months of,2,I went up to my study to make some notes.1.A.classesB.advice C.lessons D.talks2.A.struggle B.working C.battle D.defence,分析：class（课，班级，阶级）advice（忠言，提议，不可数名词）lesson（课程，教训）talk（谈话，讲演），依据短文中提供信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了政治活动时，父亲“教训”了他一顿，所以1题答案是C.lessons。2题选项B.working（工作，劳动）,D.defence（防卫，辩护）显著不合乎逻辑，A.struggle意为“斗争，战争”，C.battle是指大型战役中小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰辛“斗争”，依据文章情节线索我们能够确定最正确选项是A。这两个题处理都借助了词义辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展把握。,C.lessons,A.struggle,第14页,例2：She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.,It was a good,1,of getting rid of his nervousness,she said.She was right,it seemed to,2,.,A.idea B.way C.path D.plan,A.do B.win C.work D.act,分析：句中“她”注意到“他”很担心，提议“他”观看演出以消除担心。显然，“她”所提议是一个消除担心“方法”。1题四个选项A.idea（想法，意见）B.way（路线，方法）C.path（小路，路线）D.plan（计划，规划）中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最正确答案。紧接下来一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。”2 题四个选项A.do（做，尽力）B.win（获胜，夺得）C.work（工作，起作用）D.act（行动，演出）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最正确答案。这两个题解答也是在考虑上下文前提下，从词汇意义入手。,B.way,C.work,第15页,二、做完形填空题应从以下方面入手,（一）、首先要以很快速度浏览全文，掌握文章主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when,where，what。完形填空命题标准普通是第一句话不挖空，目标是使读者进入语境，所以一定要认真阅读这句话。,（二）、依据故事情节发展选词，确定所填词与文中哪个词相关系以及动作是在什么场所发生。,（三）、试填之后将所选定词放到文章中复读检验。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”),第16页,详细操作中应注意问题,1.看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提醒作用词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。比如：,1)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous,2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.,A.no B.certain C.many D.more,分析:1.依据转折连词but提醒，所填入词应与shallow相反，所以答案为A。,2.and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此能够确定所填词也应是一个否定意义词，所以答案是A。,A.deep,A.no,第17页,2.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配,注意固定搭配，包含动词与介词搭配、动词与名词搭配以及形容词与名词搭配等，同时要依据内容选择正确短语。比如：,Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.,A.for B.by C.to D.of,分析:表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义短语是help oneself to故答案为C。,C.to,第18页,3.,扎实基础，搞清辨异,Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.,A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout,分析:选项中四个词都表示不一样声音，但B，C，D项三个词都是指从嗓子里发出声音，而sound则表示各种各样声音。所以答案是A。,A.sound,第19页,4.看清执行者，确定所选词,And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.,A.keep B.make C.record D.watch,分析:句中动作发出者是video cameras所以答案是 C，意思是“统计”。,C.record,第20页,5.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系,It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit.,A.and B.for C.but D.as,分析:依据句前many years和句后still remember答案应选表示转折连词but.,C.but,第21页,6.,了解生活常识，确定相关知识,(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.,A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest,分析:在这么紧急情况下，人们第一个反应是到最近医院就医，所以答案为D。,D.nearest,第22页,三、解这类题主要从以下四步做起：,第一步,重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空普通无标题，首句普通不留空白，是完整一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。,第二步,速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出一些代表人物和情节词，方便于形成思绪。要注意不要在未掌握大意基础上，边阅读，边做题，这么速度慢、准确率低。,第23页,第三步,瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。假如一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：依据文章及结构边读边填，假如能够立刻判定最正确答案，无须再去逐一考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯使用方法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。,第24页,第四步,复核全文，调整答案。把填好短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点：1上下文一致性：即时态语态一致；代词、名词、单复数一致。2从语法和惯使用方法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文逻辑。3段与段、句与句之间衔接是否连贯。这次复核至关主要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。,第25页,依据以上方法确定所选词。,Harry Field also studying biology said they wanted to make as much,1,as possible to force the,2,to realize what everybody was having to,3,.,1.A.effort B.time C.trouble D.noise 2.A.townpeople B.other students C.government officials D.truck drivers 3.A.stand B.accept C.know D.share,D.noise,C.government officials,A.stand,第26页,做题三忌：,急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。,只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。,断章取义，就题论题，不论前后联络，互不照应，前后矛盾。,第27页,一、语法,This autumn was the wettest since,records began in the U.K.Floods _,large parts of the country.,A.covered B.covered by,C.covered with D.rushed away,A.covered,第28页,二、语法+常识,More and more factories pump CO,2,into,the air,and atmosphere across the world,_.,A.burns B.hot C.warm D.heats up,D.heats up,三、四个答案对比,In Australia folds(羊栏)have covered an,area the_ of the whole of the Britain.,A.width B.large C.length D.size,D.size,第29页,四、翻译:,The village of Yaluma,1,in the mountains,of Chipas,a province of Southern Mexico.,2,people are many Indians.,1.A.lies B.place C.lays D.soon,2.A.Their B.Its C.Its D.Its,A.lies,C.Its,第30页,Rock stars admirers(崇敬者)who love rock,music,1,about a billion dollars a year for,records.They pay 150 million to,2,rock,stars in person(亲自).,1.A.take B.cost C.waste D.spend,2.A.meet B.interview C.call D.see,D.spend,D.see,第31页,五、连接词,They are some of the poorest people,in a poverty stricken country.,_,now they have an extra source of,income(收入).,A.But B.And,C.However D.Therefore,A.But,第32页,Rock stars admirers who,love rock music spend about a billion,dollars a year for records.In 1956,Mclean,1,wrote and sang,“American Pie”,2,he earns,an additional two cents on every,single,3,of the song.,1.A.who B.he C.that D.as,2.A.and B.but C.so D.yet,3.A.copy B.record,C.singing D.performance,A.who,C.so,B.record,第33页,Many rock stars,1,like Grace Slick,and Jefferson.Those performers return,from a tour,pay their bills,and buy new,toys.,2,when they need money again,they do another,3,.They save,4_,money and live from hand to mouth.,1.A.play B.live C.perform D.behave,2.A.But B.Then C.And D.So,3.trip B.tour C.travel D.journey,3.A.no B.much C.some D.plenty,B.live,B.Then,B.tour,A.no,第34页,English people seem very quiet _,reserved(缄默),usually.,A.though B.and C.even D.but,It was just getting dark;there was,a touch of fog and I was on a lonely,stretch of road.,_,I was going,along cheerfully.,A.But B.And,C.Otherwise D.So,B.and,A.But,第35页,One evening Jackie was on his way home,from the railway station.When he turned,round a,1,he heard footsteps behind him,and he thought,2,was coming near.,He began to walk,3,.The footsteps became,faster,too.He slowed down.The footsteps,also,4,down.,1.A.corner B.park C.street D.way,2.A.no one B.someone,C.anyone D.everyone,3.A.slowly B.more slowly C.fast D.faster,4.A.put B.slowed C.became D.turned,第36页,六、词组与翻译,In 1990,leader of all big nations met,in Japan and agreed to reduce,1,CO,2,they put into the atmosphere.Ten years,2,in Nov.,they met again in,Holland to assess(评定)the situation,and decided what to do next.,1,A.many B.a number of,C.the amount of D.a good many,2.A.after B.late C.later D.soon,第37页,.But I was going along,cheerfully,thinking about the dinner,I would eat when I,36,to,Salisbury.,36.A.reached B.arrived,C.got D.led,第38页,七、比较四个答案,翻译文章,Projects(工程),1,this go over under the,name of“Carbon Trading”.The basic,2,is,that governments and companies can buy,the,3,to pump CO,2,into the air by investing,(投资)in green,4,that take it out again.,1.A.as B.like C.the same as D.except,2.A.fact B.meanings C.idea D.things,3.A.forests B.projects C.right D.debt,4.A.projects B.plants C.materials D.trees,第39页,八、前提醒,Young people are spending unbelievable,sums of money to listen to rock music.,At least fifty,_,stars have incomes,between two million and six million,dollars per year.,A.film B.rock C.jazz D.movie,第40页,Neil Young who performs,1,torn,blue jeans,sometimes sings to an,audience of 10,000,each of whom has,paid five dollars for a ticket.,2,paying,expenses,Young leaves with about,$18,000 in his blue,3,at the end of,an evening.,1.A.in B.with C.for D.on,2.A.Before B.Beside C.After D.Except,3.A.shirt B.trousers C.coat D.jeans,第41页,九、抓住主要信息词(主体-关键),比较四个答案,最终排除不可能选项。,“It doesnt make,1,”said one of he older,music millionaires,who made a million,dollars a year when he was popular,in the 1950s.“performers arent worth,this kind of money.In fact,2,is.”,1.A.efforts B.progress C.sense D.money,2.A.everybody B.nobody,C.somebody D.anybody,第42页,十、形容词选择（并列连词作用）,If we make a noise on the bus they,look,_,and uncomfortable.,A.untouched B.worried,C,moved D.excited,Hellen was an old teacher with a,warm smile and,_,eyes.,A.bursting B.freezing,C.friendly D.lively,第43页,十一、后暗示,In this,_1_,professors always take,every opportunity to push textbooks,aside and expose students to real,_2_,.,1.A.classroom B.means,C.university D.hall,2.A.facts B.lessons,C.adventures D.experiences,第44页,He was sure that he was being followed.,He tried to hide,1,the steps followed,him.He didnt know,2,to save himself.,6.A.Still B.Sometimes,C.Often D.Seldom,7.A.when B.where,C.why D.how,第45页,完形填空中,第46页,.I raised the pistol and fired.The,animal fell backwards with an angry cry.,Father took the,_,smoking pistol,from my hand,and fired another shot,which killed the gorilla.,A.still B.yet C.even D.already,第47页,He certainly looked the part all,right,he thought as he admired himself,in the mirror.He,_,thought of,going out into the street to see whether,he could pass as a policeman out,there.,A.just B.even,C.still D.already,第48页,The shop had to agree.They knew that no fire on earth can,_,damage a perfect diamond.,A.almost B.even C.just D.ever,.At times,he would turn,sit down,and,_,go on his knees.,A.almost B.even,C.often D.rather,第49页,.After a hard day in the laboratory,she goes home.There she plays with her toys.,She,_,enjoys watching television,before going to bed.,A.quite B.already,C.even D.still,第50页,.Thirty years after being,introduced to Macaulays words,they,_,seem to me the best,yardstick(码尺),because they give,us a way to measure ourselves rather,than others.,A.even B.still,C.always D.almost,第51页,.First of all he was a window-cleaner,and in his first week he managed to break,at least six windows.He,_,lost his job,as a postman because he sent off all the,letters when he should have taken them to,peoples houses.,A.thus B.even C.once D.only,第52页,.Finally I turned the key in the lock,and pushed the door open,with Dad,_,complaining(埋怨)about a,hurting knee or something.,A.yet B.only,C.even D.still,第53页,The native people said they knew of this animal and called it the“Yeti”,and they said that they had,_,caught Yeti on two occasions(场面),though none has ever been produced as evidence(证据).,A.even B.hardly,C.certainly D.probably,第54页,Students generally appreciate(认可)these,special,50,opportunities(机会).They are,almost always fun and interesting,and,professors,51,them too because students,learn so much in just a few short months.,50.A.working B,living,C.teaching D.learning,51.A.hold B.like,C.dislike D.discover,十二、逻辑推理,第55页,十三、关连词主要性,No one denies the,1,of classroom learning.,But,it can only take the students this,2,.Slides and textbooks may do a good job of carrying facts and details,but,creativity of thought cannot be,3,.They can only be developed through,4,experience.,1.A.deed B.value C.effect D.success,2.A.far B.long C.way D.direction,3.A.got B,found C.taught D.practiced,4.A.self-educated B.self-service,C.first-hand D.up-to-date,第56页,十四、抓住中心意思-,围绕什么话题,(在文章中出现频率最多词),第57页,Every Thursday afternoon,my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall but in our university Art Museum.We spend our one-hour class discussing two or three of the,1,many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class.,1.A.subjects B.paintings,C.speeches D.lectures,1,第58页,The professor begins by selecting one,2,of art.After giving us a quick background on the artist,