高考中的there be结构.doc

There be 结构
一、概述
英语中有一种表示“什么地方或时间存在什么事物”的“存在”句型，常用“there +be +名词+地点（时间）状语”结构。这种句型以非重读的there 为引导词，there 本身没有词义，以动词be 的某种形式作谓语动词，以表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组作为句子的主语，be 和主语的数必须一致。句子最后为表示地点和时间的状语。
There is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. 我们没必要再次讨论这个问题因为这个问题早已解决。
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图。
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。
There is some fish on the plate.盘子里有鱼。
二、There be 结构中的名词及主谓一致
1、一个名词或代词作主语
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，其谓语必须用单数is；当主语是可数名词复数时，其谓语必须用复数are。
There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。
There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。
There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
2、并列名词作主语
如果There be 句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时，be 应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数，be 用is；如该名词是复数，be 用are。
There is one book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书两支钢笔。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.架上有两个瓶子，一只烟灰缸。
There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 树上有一只鸟和两个男孩。
There are some apples and a bird in the tree. 树上有一些苹果和一只鸟。
三、There be 结构中的时态与语态
1、There be 结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There are some books on the desk。桌子上有一些书
There was an accident last night.昨晚发生了一个事故。
There were many students at the concert.许多学生参加了音乐会。
There have been many changes in the village recently.最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。
There had been a fight here before he came back.在他回来之前这儿有过一场搏斗。
There will be a good wheat crop this year. 今年小麦将有一个好收成。
There will be a good film in the cinema on next month. 下月电影院将上影一部好片子
2、there 可和各种助动词或情态动词连用
What a pity my new computer doesn’t work.There must be something wrong with it. 很遗憾我们的计算机不
能用了。肯定是坏了。
There may be a bird on the branch.树枝上也许有一只鸟。
There must be no more time wasted.不能再浪费时间了。
There used to be a cinema here before the war. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。
3、there be 结构中的谓语动词可以是“be going to/seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/…+be（ 原形）”。
There seems to be something wrong with it.它好象有点毛病。
There happened to be a car nearby.碰巧附近有一辆车。
There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。
There isn't going to be any meeting tonight. 今天晚上没有会。
seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well. b
A. It B. There C. What D. That
4、There be 结构中的谓语动词有时可采用被动语态。
There was said to be a fairy in the forest.据说树林里有一位仙女。
There is expected to be more discussion.希望多讨论。
There is reported to be a number of the wounded on both sides. 据报道双方都有伤者。
四、There be 结构的否定和疑问结构
There be 结构变成否定句时，须在动词be 后加not(any)或no。变成疑问句时，将动词be 提到there 之前，句子其余部分不变。回答用yes 或no,后接简单答语Yes，there is/are. 或No，there isn't/aren't. 。
1、There be 结构的一般疑问句
（1）Is+ there+ a/an+单数名词+介词短语?
-Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗?
-No, there isn't.不， 没有。
-Is there a table in the room?屋子里有张桌子是吗？
-Yes, there is. 是的，有。
（2）Is+ there+不可数名词+介词短语?
-Is there any water left in the mug？杯子里剩下水了吗？
-No, there isn’t. 不，没有。
- Is there any room for the piano?还有地方放钢琴吗？
- I’m afraid not.恐怕没地方了。
（3）Are+ there+ any+复数名词+介词短语?
-Are there any books on the desk? 桌上有书吗？
-Yes, there are. 是的，有。
-Are there any children near the door?门边有些孩子吗?
-Yes，there are.是的，有。
-Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗?
-Yes, there have.是的，有。
-Not, there won’t. 不，没有。
（4）情态动词或助动词+ there be+名词+介词短语?
-Will there be a meeting tonight?今晚有会吗？
-Yes, there will. 是的，有。
-Have there been any letters from Jack lately?近日杰克有信来吗?
-Yes, there have.是的，有。
-Not, there won’t. 不，没有。
2、There be 结构的特殊疑问句
这种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”，有下列两种情况：
（1）How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生?
How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有多少书？

（2）How much+不可数名词+is+ there+介词短语?
How much water is there in the glass?杯子里有多少水？
How much sand is there on the playground?操场上有多少啥？
3、There be 句型的反意疑问句结构
（1）There is + a/an+单数名词+介词短语+ ， isn’t there?
（2）There is +不可数名词+介词短语+，isn’t there?
（3）There are+ any+复数名词+介词短语+, aren’t there?
（4）There + 情态动词或助动词+ 名词+介词短语+,情态动词或助动词的否定+there?
There is a book on the desk, isn’t there?桌子上有本书，是吗？
There is some water in it, isn’t there?那里边有些水，是吗？
There are many people in the street, aren’t there?大街上有很多人，是吗？
There will be a new film on in the cinema, won’t there? 下周电影院上映新电影是吗？
4、There be 结构的否定
（1）There be + not+ 名词+介词短语
There isn’t a computer in the room. 屋子里没有电脑。
There aren’t any books on the table. 桌子上没有书。
There are not any books on the desk.桌上没有书。
（2）There +情态动词或助动词+not be + 名词+介词短语
There hasn’t been any rain recently. 最近没下雨。
There won’t be a meeting tonight. 今晚没有会。
（3）There be + no+ 名词+介词短语
There is no money left. 没钱了。
There are no books on the desk.桌子上没有书。
there is no in persuading her into buying a new bike
A use B need C point D doubt
（4）There +情态动词或助动词+ be + no+名词+介词短语
There will be no one in at that moment. 那时将没人在家。
There might be no money left. 可能没剩下钱。
五、There be 结构中be 的替代
there + be 这种结构，谓语动词除be 之外，还可用live，lie, exist, stand, remain, go, come 等表示“存在”
意义的不及物动词。
There stands a tree in front of the house.房前有一棵树。
Once there lived an Emperor.从前，有一个皇帝。
There remains much to be done. 还有许多事要做。
There lies a river at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一条小河。
There goes the bell for class.上课铃响了。
There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
六、“there+be”结构的非限定形式
there+ be 结构的非限定形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中可以作主语、宾语和状语。
⑴作主语
there being 结构可以起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语；当“there to be+名词（词组）”作主语时，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for 引导。
There being a bus stop near the house is a great advantage. 房子旁边有个停车点，真是方便极了。
There not being an index to this book is a disadvantage. 这本书没有索引，查找很不方便。
It would be surprising for there to be no objections. 没有反对意见，这倒令人吃惊。
It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。
⑵作宾语
①作动词宾语时,通常用there to be 结构。能这样用及物动词为数有限，常见的有expect, like, mean, intend,want, prefer, hate 等。
We expect there to be no argument. 我们希望不再出现争吵。
Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?你喜欢墙上挂幅画吗？
People don’t want there to be another war. 人们不希望再有战争。
Do you expect ________ to be a possibility that we may have seven days off for the coming Duanwu Festival?
A. it B. there C. us D. This b
②在作介词的宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用there to be 结构，其它介词要用there being 结构。
We expected there c no problem with the publication of the book by now, but it is still being printed.
A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 老师在等着大家都安静下来。
I never dreamed of there being any chance for me to try. 我做梦也没想到有让我试试的机会。
⑶作状语
用作状语的there be 非谓语形式，通常用there being 结构。
There being nobody in the room, he didn’t go in. 由于屋里没有人，他没进去。
There being no further business, the chairman closed the meeting.没有什么事，主席宣布散会。
There being nothing else to do we went home. 没有什么事，我们就回家了。
七、“there+ be”结构与have 的区别
have 表示所有关系，前有主语，意为“归主语所有”；“there +be”则表示“存在” 的状态，即“某地有某物/某人”。
I have a computer.我有一台电脑。
There is a radio on the desk.桌子上有一台收音机。
There are three children in my family。我家有三个孩子。
I have three children. 我有三个孩子。