直接引语_与_间接引语.doc

直 接 引 语 与 间 接 引 语
肖潇
直接引语(the Direct Speech): 直接引用别人所讲的话。直接引语通常放在引号内。间接引语(the Indirect Speech): 用自己的话转述别人所讲的话。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
Mr Wang said to me , “ I returned from Germany last night . ”
→ Mr Wang told me that he had returned from Germany the night before .
直接引语变间接引语要注意: 1. 人称的变化。2. 时态的变化。3. 时间状语与地点状语的变化。4. 指示代词、方向动词、情态动词的变化。5. 语序的变化。6. 其他结构方面的变化。
人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向动词、情态动词 变化表

直 接 引 语
间 接 引 语
指 示 代 词
this
that
these
those

时 间 状 语
now
then
today
that day
tonight
that night
this morning / week / month / year
that morning / week / month / year
ago
before
yesterday
the day before
yesterday afternoon
the afternoon before
the day before yesterday
two days before
last week / month / year
the week / month / year before
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow
two days after / in two days’ time
next week / month / year
the next week / month / year
地 点 状 语
here
there

动 词
come
go
bring
take
must
must / had to

人 称 代 词
第一人称
与主句主语一致
第二人称
与主句宾语一致
第三人称
一般不变

动 词 时 态 的 变 化
直 接 引 语
间 接 引 语
一般现在时(do/does , am/is , are）
一般过去时(did , was , were)
现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
过去进行时(was/were doing)
现在完成时(have/has been , have/has done)
过去完成时(had been , had done)
现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
过去完成进行时(had been doing)
一般将来时(will)
过去将来时(would)
一般过去时(was/were, did)
过去完成时(had been , had done)
过去进行时(was / were doing)
过去进行时(was / were doing) / 过去完成进行时
过去完成时(had been / had done)
过去完成时（had been / had done）
一．直接引语为陈述句： 间接引语用that引导。that 一般可省略。主句谓语动词为现在时，间接引语用原来的时态。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语用相应的过去时态。
The girl says to her father , “ My brother doesn’t want to share the toy with me . ”
→ The girl tells her father that her brother doesn’t want to share the toy with her .
The teacher says to us , “ You all failed the exams last week . ”
→ The teacher tells us that we all failed the exam last week .
Mother says to me , “ I will buy you a gift for your birthday . ”
→ Mother tells me that she will buy me a gift for my birthday .

Mr Smith said , “ Our plane arrived half an hour ago . ”
→ Mr Smith said that their plane had arrived half an hour before .
The headmaster said , “ The new school year will begin tomorrow . ”
→ The headmaster said that the new school year would begin the next day .
She called to me , “ I am waiting for you at the restaurant . ”
→ She called to me that she was waiting for me at the restaurant .
注意1: 直接引语是客观事实、科学真理、格言等，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said , “ Light travels much faster than sound , boys and girls . ”
→ The teacher told the boys and girls that light travels much faster than sound .
注意2: 直接引语中含有明确的过去时间状语时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
She said to me , “ I was born in 1964 . ”
→ She told me that she was born in 1964 .
I said to her , “ The Beijing Olympic Games were held in 2008 . ”
→ I told her that the Beijing Olympic Games were held in 2008 .
注意3: 直接引语中含有情态助动词，情态助动词没有过去式(ought to) 或已经是过去式(had better , used to , could , should , would , might)，变间接引语时，时态不变。
John said , “ You had better finish your homework first today . ”
→ John said that I had better finish my homework first that day .
注意4: 直接引语中含有must ，变间接引语时，must的变化，视其意义及句型而定。
He said to her , “ It must be very late . I must say good-bye to you . ”
→ He told her that it must be very late , and that he must / had to say good-bye to her .
( “ Must I go back tomorrow ? ” Jane asked . → Jane asked if he had to come back the next day .)
注意5: 直接引语含有某些假设句型时，变间接引语时，假设句型的时态不变。
“ I suggest the meeting be held next Monday . ” Rose said .
→ Rose suggested that the meeting be held the next Monday .
The teacher said , “ It is time we had a rest . ”
→ The teacher said it was time they had a rest .
She said , “ I’d rather you didn’t make so much noise . ”
→ She said that she’d rather I didn’t make so much noise .
He said , “ If I had time , I would go to see you . ”
→ He said that if he had time , he would come to see me .
二．直接引语为一般疑问句: 间接引语用连词if/whether , 并用陈述句语序。时态等也作相应的变化 。
“ Do you want me to lend you a hand ? ” she said to me .
→ She asked me if / whether I wanted her to lend me a hand .
“ Will you go to the concert with me this evening ? ” Mary asked me .
→ Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening . .
三．直接引语为反意疑问句，间接引语用连词whether / if 。 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用
连词whether …or … 。两者都并用陈述句语序。时态等也作相应的变化。
You attended their wedding last week , didn’t you ? ” she asked me .
→ She asked me if / whether I had attended their wedding the week before .
“ You will be free next weekend , won’t you ? ” she asked me .
→ She asked me whether I would be free the next weekend or not .
“ Do you like TV or movies ? ” Jack asked Jane .
→ Jack asked Jane whether she liked TV or movies .
“ Is she a doctor or a nurse ? ” said Mr White .
→ Mr White asked whether she was a doctor or a nurse .
四．直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语用原来的连词，并用陈述句语序。时态等也作相应的变化。
“ Where does your English teacher come from ? ” Xiao Ming’s parents asked him .
→ Xiao Ming’s parents asked him where his English teacher came from .
“ What did you do here yesterday ? ” the old woman asked my sister .
→ The old woman asked my sister what she had done there the day before .
但是:
“ When did you graduate from Jiangxi Normal University ? ” she said to me .
→ She asked me when I graduated from Jiangxi Normal University .
五．直接引语为祈使句，间接引语改成tell / ask / beg / order sb to do sth 结构。
“ Speak English more often in and out of class , ” our English teacher said to us .
→ Our English teacher told us to speak English more often in and out of class .
“ Don’t stay up too late , boys and girls , ” the teacher said .
→ The teacher told the boys and girls not to stay up too late .
“ Please give me a hand , ” the old woman said to the policeman .
→ The old woman asked the policeman to give her a hand .
但是:
“ Let me give you a lift to school , ” Michael said to me .
→ Michael offered to give me a lift to school .
“ Let us pack up the clothes for you , ” they said to me .
→ They offered to pack up the clothes for me .
“ Let’s stay here till Rose comes back , ” Peter said to me .
→ Peter suggested staying there till Rose came back .
→ Peter suggested that we should stay there till Rose came back .

“ Would you please open the window ? ” she said to me .
→ She asked me to open the window .
“ Why not go swimming this afternoon ? ” the boy said .
→ The boy suggested going swimming that afternoon .
“ You clean the classroom after class today , Tom , ” said the monitor .
→ The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day .
六．直接引语为感叹句，间接引语可以为下面形式:
“ What a lovely day it is ! ” she said .
→ She remarked what a lovely day it was .
→ She remarked that it was a lovely day .
“ How beautiful the lake looks ! ” she said .
→ She said how beautiful the lake looked .
→ She exclaimed that the lake looked beautiful .
“ Happy birthday ! ” he said to her .
→ He wished her a happy birthday .
七．各类句子混合使用时的间接引语。
“ Could you show me the way to the No 2 Middle School ? I’m a new-comer . ” she said to me .
→ She asked me to show her the way to the No 2 Middle School as she was a new-comer .
“ It’s a fine day . Let’s go to the country for a picnic , ” Jim said to me .
→ Jim said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him .

直接引语变间接引语练习题
1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
2．She said: “He will be busy.”
3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”
5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
11．He said, “We are still students.’
12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”
13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”
14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.
16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”
17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.
18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”
19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”
20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.
22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.
23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.
24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.
25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.
直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing
C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do

附答案：
1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2． She said that he would be busy.
3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.
8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
9． My father said practice makes perfect.
10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
11． He said they are still students.
12． He told me that he was born in 1978.
13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
19． I told him I had finished it.
20． She told us she would come here tomorrow
21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.
22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.
23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.
24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.
25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.
答案与简析：
1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 2. D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句. 3. C 直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), invite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 4. D直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。 5. C 6. B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7. C 选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8. C直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变间接引语时, 用特殊疑问词引导, 并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9. D注意时态的一致。What作主语，the matter（=wrong）作表语。10. D直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用。.