两种时态对比.docx

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较

一、对一般过去时的考查
一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。
Example:The year 2002 saw remarkable changes in Shanghai.
A.see B.have seen C.saw D.has seen
一般过去时的用法：
1) 表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。
1.---Look,someone has spilt（溢出） coffee on the carpet(地毯)。
----Well,it _me.
A.isn’t B.wasn’t C.hasn’t been D.hadn’t

二、对现在完成时的考查（have/has+-ed分词）
1.现在完成时不仅表示动作在说话之前已经完成，而且强调动作对现在的影响或表示经验。
①Millions of pounds’worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005年重庆卷）
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused
解析：“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但D项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。
2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。
—The window is dirty.
— I know. It ________ for weeks. （2004年全国卷）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
解析：该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”
注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy,borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

三、考查现在完成时与一般过去式的比较：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。
—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（98NMET）
— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put
解析：第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作。
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s...这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.

四、练习
1. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
2. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
解析： didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
3. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
解析：全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
4. When I was at college I _____ three foreign language but I ______ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten