山东省胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练(14).doc

胶州市2014高考英语文章阅读类训练（14）及答案或解析
阅读理解
Donna is 19 years old and loves animals, which is why I’m always happy to leave my dog with her when I go on holiday. Donna also helps to train hunting dogs, but recently, her boyfriend told me, she returned home from a farm in tears after being told to hit some dogs.
“She wasn’t being asked to hit them because they didn’t behave well,” he said. “She was told to punch these puppies with a closed fist simply to let them know who is boss.” Donna refused. Good for Donna. In my view, you hurt an animal for only two reasons: as a way to teach it an important lesson, such as not to run into the road; or because you like hurting animals.
Last summer, I attended a horse race. I don’t know much about horses, but I was alarmed when I saw a horse with a huge ulcer(溃疡) on its leg. “Surely this horse won’t race?” I asked. I was very surprised that nobody in the crowd seemed concerned.
The horse began the race, but later it fell heavily. It had broken its leg. The next thing I saw was its dead body in a bag, being driven past. No one seemed to care, except those who’d bet on it. I know people care for horse racing, but do they really care for horses? I doubt it.
Oh, but it’s tradition, I hear you say. Wouldn’t the world be a boring place if we didn’t occasionally hit, shoot and chase animals? Traditions are made by man and can be unmade. It was once acceptable to kill servants when their master died, to visit the mental hospitals to laugh at the patients, or to watch public execution(执行死刑).
Nor should it be forgotten that in our progress to a more civilized world, animals have played an important role: they have fed us, carried us, worked for us, rescued us, died for us and sometimes just saved us from loneliness. Surely by now they deserve our kindness. At the very least, they deserve our respect.
1. Donna was asked to hit the young dogs because __________.
A. they misbehaved
B. their owner disliked them
C. people on the farm enjoy hurting them
D. it was a way to train them to obey people
2. What does the underlined word “punch” probably mean?
A. strike B. stroke C. punish D. pump
3. What’s the writer’s purpose in telling the readers the story about the horse?
A. To explain the traditional horse race to readers.
B. To prove that the weak horse can’t win in the race.
C. To show that animals are treated unfairly by humans.
D. To say that people care more for horses than horse racing.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. People no longer watch killing criminals in public.
B. The writer cannot accept anyone who hits the animals.
C. It was a traditional practice to kill servants for their dead master.
D. The writer thinks it possible to change the traditions made by men.
5. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. No one cares for animals nowadays.
B. Let’s protect the endangered animals.
C. Show animals the respect they deserve.
D. The stories between animals and people.
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Bonus（奖金） culture has become the subject of many studies nowadays. Many people have been angered by the way some bankers and high officials seem to have been rewarded for failure. Others find the idea of offering many-million-dollar bonuses morally disgusting.
But few have asked whether performance-related bonuses really do improve performance. The answer seems so obvious that even to ask the question can appear ridiculous. Indeed, in spite of all the complaints about them, financial encouragements continue to be introduced in more and more areas, from healthcare and public services to teaching and universities.
So it may come as a shock to many to learn that paying for results can actually make people perform badly in many circumstances, and that the more you pay, the worse they perform.
No one is arguing that bonuses can help companies and institutions attract and keep the best staff. Nor does anyone argue against the idea that you can encourage people to do specific tasks by linking payments to those tasks. Rather, the point is about how to get the best out of people. Do employees really perform better if you promise to pay them more for getting results?
There are some obvious reasons why such payments can fail. It has been argued, for instance, that cash bonuses contributed to the financial crash, because traders had little enthusiasm to make sure that their companies enjoyed long-term survival.
Most bonus projects are poorly designed, says Professor Malcolm Higgs. He thinks the reason is that organisations try to keep bonus arrangements simple. Nevertheless, he thinks bonus projects can work as long as they link the interests of individual employees with the long-term goals of a business.
Bonuses can also encourage cheating. “Once you start making people’s rewards dependent on outcomes rather than behaviours, the evidence is people will do whatever they can to get those outcomes,” says Professor Edward Deci. “In many cases the high officials simply lied and cheated to make the stock (股票) price go up so they got huge bonuses.”
But the work of Deci and others suggests the problem with bonuses runs far deeper than poor design or cheating. In 1971, he asked students to solve puzzles, with some receiving cash prizes for doing well and others getting nothing. Deci found those offered cash were less likely to keep working on puzzles after they had done enough to get paid.
These studies suggest that offering rewards can stop people doing things for the pure joy of it. This was the basis for a series of books by Kohn in which he argues that rewarding children, students and workers with grades, scholarships and other “bribes” (贿赂) leads to low-quality work in the long run.
Those who believe in the power of bonuses fail to distinguish between inner drive and outside pressure — wanting to do something because you like it for itself in contrast to doing something because you want the reward, Kohn says. “It’s not just that these two are different, it’s often that the more you reward people for doing something, the more their inner drive tends to decline.”
A “do this and get that” approach might improve performance in the short term, but over longer periods it will always fail, Kohn says. People who receive bonus will naturally play safe, become less creative, cooperate less and feel less valued, he adds. What’s more, the studies also suggest that offering rewards can also stop people taking responsibility.
10. The effect of performance-related bonuses has not been well studied because people _______
A. take the function of bonuses for granted
B. see that bonus offering is done everywhere
C. think financial encouragement is disgusting
D. are shocked by the practice of rewarding for failures
11. According to Malcolm Higgs, designs that ____ are the good ones.
A. drive people to finish short-term tasks
B. help to attract and keep good employees
C. link financial rewards with the quality of the outcomes
D. connect individual interests with long-term business goals
12. If a person plays safe to get a bonus, he is probably being ________.
A. more enthusiastic B. more risk-taking
C. less daring D. less responsible
13. Which of the following do you think the author would most probably agree with?
A. Companies should make their bonus projects simple.
B. The benefit of bonus helps to get the best out of people.
C. The biggest problem with bonus is it creates cheating.
D. Bonus offering can stop people doing things for pure joy.
14. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?
A. What Is Bonus? B. Does Bonus Work?
C. Why Bonus Offered? D. How Bonus Works?

参考答案10. A 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. B
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（201*·福建卷）
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.
After the death of her second husband,Greek shipping magnate AristotieOnassis laqueline’s close friend and former White House social ? Letitis Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing.After consideration,
Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life .She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher’s editor, first at Viking,then at Doubleday ,pursuing（追求）a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 sucessfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ,The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international best-seller.She dealt too.with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.
Jaequelinered for her name and for her social relations,but she soon proved
Her worth.Her shoicas,suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing Since and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication,she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiofraphy she never wrote,Her role as First lady,in the end,was overshadowed by her performance as an editor.However,few knew that she had achteved so much.
68.We can learn from the passage that Jecqueline
A.because fond of reading after working as an editor
B.was in charge of publishing 100 books
C.promoted lier books through social relations
D.gained a lot from her career as an editor
69.The underlined sentence in the last paragph probably means this
A.Jscqueline’s ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady
B. Jscqueline’s life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor
C. Jscqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady
D. Jscqueline’s role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor
70.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Jscqueline’s two marriages lasted more than 20 years
B. Jscqueline’s own publishing firm was set up eventually
C. Jscqueline’s views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited
D. Jscqueline’s achievements were widely known
71.The passage is mainly
A.an introduction of jacqueline’s life both as Fist Lady and as editor.
B.a brief description of jacqueline’s lifelong experiences.
C.a brief account of jacqueline’s career as an editor in her last 20 years.
D.an analysis of Jscqueline’s social relations in publishing

【答案】DCCC
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高考链接 （2012安徽卷）
Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !
You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.
You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .
It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve . Such “smart technology” is all around you.
75.What is the text mainly about?
A. Food and clothing in 2035.
B. Future technology in everyday life.
C. Medical treatments of the future.
D. The reason for the success of new technology.
【考点】科幻类—说明文
【文章大意】。本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。
72.【答案】D
试题解析】文章的第二段“The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.”可知答案。
【难度】一般
73.【答案】C
【试题解析】段落大意题。根据文章第四段所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。故选C项。
【难度】一般
74.【答案】D
【试题解析】根据“It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go.”可知D项正确。
【难度】一般
75.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“For new technology to succeed,”和后面的the internet 可知下一段将要讲的是科技。故选B项。
【难度】一般。
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