高一英语语法填空解题方法与技巧人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语语法填空解题方法与技巧人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 语法填空解题方法与技巧语法填空解题方法与技巧要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家背景知识是必要的补充。对于高一学生来说，及时快速地掌握语法填空这种题型的解题方法与技巧是很重要的。因此在现阶段的语法学习中就应该做到学以致用并根据考点进行分析归纳。二. 解题方法及技巧 1. 通读全文，把握大意。通读全文的目的是为了把握全文的大意，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么样的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为了准确地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的题材，体裁，中心思想，写作线索，篇章结构，段落层次，逻辑关系，词句理解等。这样有助于考生真正读懂文章大意，也有利于填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。2. 仔细阅读，尝试填空。在通读全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以着手尝试填空了。这一步是解题的关键，是一个对每个段落层次以及整个语篇中的词汇、句子、语义、语言结构和上下文语境进行综合分析并作出判断的复杂的思维过程，也是对每个考生的英语语法基本功，英语语篇的感觉能力，和运用英语思维的检验过程。做题时，要求考生对空白处的词性能作出迅速的判断，对文章句子的结构能作出准确的分析。然后才能准确无误地填出答案。3. 复读全文，检查答案。所有的空白处都填好了。这时，我们有必要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，从词义辨析，词语搭配，和习惯用语等方方面面仔细推敲，看其语法是否正确，行文是否通顺流畅，条理是否清晰，逻辑是否合理，是否符合语感。要仔细揣摩，准确定夺。另外，还要特别注意单词的拼写，千万不能犯由于单词写错而导致失分的低级错误。三. 以下题为例，谈谈语法填空题的解题思路。阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _3_, it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.In a word, we should form the good habit of _9_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today _10_ tomorrow.1. 根据语法知识进行填充第1题，由than可知，precious要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级在前面加more，故此题答案为more。第7题，因there are是个句子，do not应是一个定语从句，缺主语，先行词是人，应填who。2. 根据逻辑关系进行填充就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题。第2题，因前句用Why提问，应当用Because来回答，故此题答案是Because。3. 根据语篇标志进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。第3题，由表示转折的However可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是gone。第5题，由表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词full或good来修饰名词use。4. 根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate.on., devote.to., earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，对解题很有帮助。第6题，表示“在将来”是固定词组in the future。5. 根据句型搭配进行填充就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such.that., it is.(for sb.) to do sth., there is no doubt that., there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。第4题，做形式主语，用It，真正的主语是后面的that从句。6. 根据词汇知识进行填充指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式做宾语的动词，只能接to do做宾语的动词，接to do做补语的动词，接do做补语的动词，接doing或done做补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。第8题，由time smoking可想到是spend/waste time (in) doing句型，这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填spend或waste。第9题，因of是介词，介词后的动词通常要用-ing形式，故填saving。7. 根据生活常识进行填充第10题，结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事推迟到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till。8. 根据文化背景进行填充如After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一贫如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse（一贫如洗），所以此处填mouse。【典型例题】 阅读下面的短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。AEric Clapton is one of the most _1_(success) rock stars of all time. He has sold millions of copies of his records _2_ has appeared in concerts all over the world. Clapton was born in 1945 in a small town, _3_ is near London. When he was only two years old, his mother left him. Eric was brought _4_ by his grandparents. Until he was nine he believed that they were his parents and it was _5_ terrible shock when he found out that they werent. But his grandparents treated him well. They paid for him _6_(go) to art college. _7_ Eric had already become interested in music and he started playing the guitar in bars and clubs.Clapton first became famous when he started a group _8_ (call) Cream. Not only _9_ he play the guitar and sing but also he could write excellent songs. But while on stage he was the brilliant guitar-playing superstar, his private life was falling apart. _10_ his marriage broke off, he started taking drugs.【参考答案】 1. successful 2. and 3. which 4. up 5. a 6. to go 7. But 8. called 9. could10. After 本篇文章粗略地介绍了超级摇滚巨星Eric Clapton的生活。1. 此处应该填形容词successful.2. 他已经出售了成百万张唱片，而且也出现在全世界的音乐会上。前后两部分在语义上是并列关系。因此填and. 3. 此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是地点，在从句中缺少主语，故用which.4. 当他两岁的时候，他妈妈就离开了他。Eric当然是由爷爷奶奶抚养长大。因此我们填brought up. 此处是被动语态。5. 当他了解到他们不是（他的父母亲时），那是一个非常糟糕的打击。shock 在这里是抽象名词具体化，因此用不定冠词a.6. 但是爷爷奶奶对他很好，他们出钱让他去美术学院。Pay for sb. to do sth. 7. 但是Eric已经对音乐产生了兴趣，他开始在酒吧和夜总会弹吉他。此处表示转折关系，用But.8. 他创办了一个名叫Cream 的乐队，由此就成名了。a group 和call 之间是动宾关系，因此我们填called，过去分词短语做后置定语。9. 根据后半句也可知。他不仅能边弹吉他边唱歌，而且还能写优秀的歌曲。10. 在舞台上，他是一个才华横溢的超级巨星。（但是）他的私生活却在逐步地土崩瓦解。在他的婚姻生活结束之后，他开始了吸毒。根据文章的意思，此处应该用介词after.【模拟试题】（一）仔细阅读下面的短文，短文中有10个空格。请根据语境或按照括号内的具体要求完成语法填空。 Soon after David left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no _1_ of his own died and left David a lot of money, so he decided to _2_ (短语动词) his own real estate agency.He found a nice office, _3_ (buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming _4_ the door of his office.“Its my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up _5_ (冠词) telephone and pretended to be very busy _6_ an important call from someone in New York _7_ wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.The man knocked at the door _8_ this was going on, came in and waited _9_ (polite) for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “Im from the telephone company, and I _10_ (send) here to connect your telephone.”（二）仔细阅读下面短文，短文中有10个空格。请按照每小题的语法要求，完成语法填空或词形变换。Experiments have proved that children can _1_ (instruct)in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at _2_ their breath under water even before they can walk. _3_ of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long _4_ they are so accustomed to swimming _5_ they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young _6_ (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, _7_ most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children _8_ (情态动词)cover the whole length of the pool _9_ (介词)coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage _10_ (代词) among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.【试题答案】（一） 1. children 由left David a lot of money 可知，David的叔叔没有自己的孩子。 2. set up 指“创办”公司。 3. bought 由前面的found和后面的and moved可知，三个动词是并列的，即A，B and C。 4. towards 由heard someone coming 可知，是“朝着”他的办公司走过来，较表示“到达”的to要好。 5. the 特指他办公室的那部电话。 6. answering 表示“接”电话，习惯上用answer，由be busy doing可知，用answering。 7. who 定语从句，先行词是人someone，且在定语从句中做主语，用who。 8. while 由后面的waited可知，进来时David还在打电话，所以用while。 9. politely 修饰动词waited用副词，在形容词后加ly。 10. was sent因send与I是被动关系，且是到此之前领导派我来的。（二）1. be instructed 因instructed与children是动宾关系，要用被动语态，即“be+动词的过去分词”，情态动词后用动词原形。2. holding 由under water可知是“屏住气”，固定搭配hold ones breath；又因在介词(at)后要用动词的-ing形式。3. Babies 由上下文可知是指“二个月大的婴儿”，baby的复数是变y为i再加es。4. before 因it is not long before(不久以后就)是固定句型。5. that 因为sothat(如此以致)是固定句型。6. swimmers 由with可知，后接的是名词，又由young和句意可知是指人，即“游泳者”，且为复数。7. but 前后是转折关系。8. can 由语境可知空格单词意思为“能够”。9. without由语境可知是“不用冒出水面呼吸”。10. those 由语境，特别是among us和后面的who引导的定语从句可知，指“那些人”。