阅读表达专练.doc

2009年各地阅读表达
一、（2009.天津卷）
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.
（No more than 3 words）
________
57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
________________________________________________________________________
58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
__________________
59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
_________________________________________________________________________
60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.
（No more than 3 words）
【答案】 shopping carts
【解析】词义猜测题。由上句----a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。
57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
答案】It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.
【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。
58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
【答案】Because few customers used his carts.
【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。
59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.
【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词---persuade people to give them a try.可知。
60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.
Or: He was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.
【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。

二、（2009.山东卷）
[1] Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned. Ks5u
[2] It can boost （促进） productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. Ks5u
[3] Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown. Ks5u
[4] It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。 Ks5u
[5] So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________. After a month of doing it. I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being. Ks5u
76. What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1? （within 8 words） Ks5u
_________________________________________ Ks5u
77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Ks5u
Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests. Ks
______________________________________________________
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. （within 5 words） Ks5u
79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words） Ks5u
① ② ③ Ks5u
80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Chinese. Ks5u
___________________________________________________________________________
76. 【答案】Adults are not willing to say hello.
【解析】由Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults.可知。
77.【答案】 School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. 5【】u
【解析】由所给句子关键词friendlier, scored higher可知第二段的最后一句合适。
78. 【答案】saying hello to each other/ greeting each other/ saying hello
【解析】由整体文意和五段上下文可知。
79. 【答案】①lowering blood pressure ②relieving stress ③boosting happiness
【解析】从文中2、3、4可知。
80. 【答案】不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。

三、（2009.湖南卷）
A long time ago, Milton S. Hershey, the creator of the popular chocolate bars, was dipped in warm chocolate. I know all about it. My grandfather was there!
At nineteen, Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia. Although it failed, he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels. But Hershey was not content. He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900. They were an instant success. In 1903, Hershey built a factory.
Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke. However, in his chocolate factory, he held high standards for all the workers. He was both respected and feared. His anger would burst out when things didn’t go as he’d expected, and workers were fired for mistakes.
My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man. His job was to push the vats （大桶） of warm chocolate to a storage area. To do this, he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp （斜坡） and across the walkway. One day, Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp. Bump. Clunk. Ker-plop! Hershey fell backward into the vat. Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out. Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job?
Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips. Color rose in his face. He said something in a low voice. Then he smiled. “It’s not your fault, son,” he said. “I need to watch where I’m going.” He put some chocolate in his mouth. “Mmm, that’s good,” he said. Everyone laughed. The tour continued, with Hershey dripping chocolate as he went. And Grandfather kept his job.
73. What did Grandfather do in Hershey’s factory? 回答词数不超过12个）
________________________________________________________________________
74. Why didn’t Hershey fire Grandfather? （回答词数不超过10个）
_____________________________________________________________________
75. What does the incident show us about Hershey? （回答词数不超过15个）
____________________
73. He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.
【答案】He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.
【解析】由第四段第一题行可知。
74. Because he realized it was his own fault.
Because he realized it was not Grandfather’s fault/mistake.
【答案】Because he realized it was his own fault.
Because he realized it was not Grandfather’s fault/mistake.
【解析】由第五段的第二行可知。
75（It shows us that） Hershey was pleasant, humorous, kind （to others） and really respectable.
【答案】（It shows us that） Hershey was pleasant, humorous, kind （to others） and really respectable.
【解析】由第五段可知。

四．2010 天津
    When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn’t take Cuddles out for a walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.
    When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an anima lover, said he couldn’t hear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
    Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.
    Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.
    Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs(便道沿儿)and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated(显示)its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.
    56.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1?(No more than 2 words)
    57.Why didn’t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide?(No more than 15 words)
    58.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?(No more than 10 words)
    59.How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles?(No more than 10 words)
    60.In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals?(No more than 20 words)
答案解析： 56. 第三段第一个字TINY. 从构词法也可判断 Tiny \Little\small\Very small. 57. 第二段第二句话可知 A dog’s life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it. 58. 第三段第二句话可知 The Tiny, horses possess have many good qualities to guide people. On the Tiny horses possess\ have many qualities to be ideal guides, 59. 文章最后一句话可知He feels that his future life will he better/easier, 60. 属于概括题，导盲马和主人之间属于互相帮助的关系。 They should be good friends and help each other, Or: They should get along as friends and take care of each other.
五、 2010山东卷[1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
[2]Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.
[3]During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.
[4]However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. ____________________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.
76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)
____________________
77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?
By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.
____________________________________________________
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________________________
79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)
_____________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________
答案：
76. Families benefit from eating together./Having dinner together is beneficial to families.