高考英语任务型阅读七选五解题技巧及范例.doc

高考英语任务型阅读七选五解题技巧及范例

考纲解读：
该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
命题特点：
一、选材特点。
一般为280－300词左右的说明文或议论文，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现。
二、设空特点。
设空类型一般有:
标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、
概括总结类、其他类
三、选项特点。
该题型选项大致可分为三类
主旨概括句(文章整体内容)
过渡性句子(文章结构)
注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)
另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
解题步骤：
步骤一：
快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。
通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。
步骤二：
快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
该题型一般为说明文或议论文。
说明文常采用总---分---总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。
议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。
步骤三：
分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
步骤四：
注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
步骤五：
区分相似项。
七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。
步骤六：
用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
解题策略：
1.看标题、副标题预测文章大意
2.看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词
3.通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构
4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性
5.灵活掌握答题顺序 (先易后难)
6. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。

一、“七选五”解题技巧
(一)、细节类题型解题技巧
1．词汇复现法
复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。

同词复现（2010全国课标卷）
…During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. …
B. Restate the question with respect.

C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.
D. There were many difficult questions.
反义词复现（2012辽宁卷）
There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage….
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

2. 词汇同现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
[来源:Zxxk.Com]
2011全国课标卷）
Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.
E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.
G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

3. 代词线索法
英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是用来指代前面面提及的名词或句子。

（2012全国课标卷）
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:
(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
4. 逻辑关系线索法[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
并列与递进关系：and, also, further, moreover, either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…, not only…but also, firstly, secondly, thirdly…; for one thing, for another thing…等;
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等；
转折与让步关系：however, nevertheless, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, otherwise, while, rather
than, even if, despite, fortunately等。

并列或递进关系（2012辽宁卷）[来源:学&科&网][来源:Zxxk.Com]
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
因果关系（2012辽宁卷）
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
转折关系（2011辽宁卷）
Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.

D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

(二)、 篇章结构类题解题技巧
根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略
1. 如果空格在段首或为段落标题
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题 。
2. 如果空格在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
3. 如果空格为一整自然段
通常是承上启下的句子。要特别关注前后句的内在联系和逻辑关系。

空格为段落标题 （2010课标全国卷）
● 73
When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
A. Show your true interest.
B. Restate the question with respect.
C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.
空格在段尾 （2011辽宁卷）
By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74
C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.

二、“七选五”解题步骤
1. 看标题、副标题预测文章大意。
2. 看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词。
3. 通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构。
4. 看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性。
5. 灵活掌握答题顺序(先易后难)。
6. 代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。

Exercise 1
2008海南卷
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 zxxk Taking good notes（记笔记）is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that notetaking is a selective process. 73
The following methods may work best for you.
· Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
· Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
· Write your notes in your own words.
· 74 [来源Zxxk.Com]
· Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 75

A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

三、互相检测[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]
Exercise 2
1. ___73___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger,…
A. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
B. He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
C. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
2. It is generally accepted that the best way to learn a language is to totally involve yourself in its culture by living in the country where it is spoken. ___71___
A. But many find packing up and moving to another country is not a practical option.
B. Now, more and more companies are offering customers the chance to rent movies online.
C. Choose the movie you want to watch.

四、作业
Exercise 3
71 zxxk
Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends. zxxk[来源:学科网ZXXK]
● Location （位置） zxxk
72 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suite for regular study. since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at band without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying. zxxk
● Keeping Things in Order zxxk
Parents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn’t using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect 73 The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom. zxxk
● __74___ zxxk
Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 75 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family zxxk
[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
A. Attitude Is Everything.
B. Bring Organization into Your Home. zxxk
C. Here are several ways to choose a location. zxxk
D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment. zxxk
E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.
F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children. zxxk
G. A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life. zxxk
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