英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题).doc

第一部分 选择题
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide
which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the
letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people
actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,
it is said to be ___.
A、 prescriptive
B、 sociolinguistic
C、 descriptive
D、 psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A、 mouth
B、 lips
C、 tongue
D、 vocal cords
3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
A、 bound morpheme
B、 bound form
C、 inflectional morpheme
D、 free morpheme
4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that
introduces the embedded clause.
A、 coordinator
B、 particle
C、 preposition
D、 subordinator
5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."
A、 is synonymous with
B、 is inconsistent with
C、 entails
D、 presupposes
6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way
speakers interpret sentences is called ___.
A、 semantics
B、 pragmatics
C、 sociolinguistics
D、 psycholinguistics
7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,
which are ___ or generalization.
A、 elaboration
B、 simplification
C、 external borrowing
D、 internal borrowing
8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and
straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A、 Lingua franca
B、 Creole
C、 Pidgin
D、 Standard language
9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in
addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation
of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,
namely, ___ .
A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious
development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in
daily communicative situations.
A、 learning
B、 competence
C、 performance
D、 acquisition

第二部分 非选择题
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with
one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that
you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the
letter given. (1%×10=10%)
11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of
his language.
12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e,
they are all b .
13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of
words and the rules by which words are formed.
14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a
number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.
15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are
called c synonyms.
16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to
something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.
17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of
enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .
18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's),
Black English can d the form of "be".
19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short
period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for
first language acquisition.
20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2
training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target
language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or
false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each
statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you
think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given
more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.
()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both
Chinese and English.
()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This
indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings
of its components.
()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.
()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects
such as British English and American English but cannot be found within
the variety itself, for example, within British English or American
English.
()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated
and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational
implicatures arise.
()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken
today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.
()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech
situations known as domains.
()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,
speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.
()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first
language.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for
illustration. (3%×10=30%)
31、duality
32、diachronic linguistics

33、broad transcription
34、morphological rules
35、phrase structure rule
36、relational opposites
37、componential analysis
38、context
39、euphemism
40、brain lateralization
V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in
English for illustration.
42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of
a second language.

英语语言学试题（2）

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)
1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )
A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites
C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms
2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )
A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask
C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones
3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )
A.unusual B.something to be feared
C.abnormal D.natural
4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )
A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation
C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic
5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( )
A.They cannot pronounce/n/
B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue
C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method
D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds
6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )
A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple
7.The function of the sentence A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )
A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )
A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure
9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )
A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology
C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics
10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)
11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.
12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g________.
13.Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.
14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.
15.Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.
三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)
16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )
17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )
18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )
19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )
20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )
21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )
22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )
23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )
24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )
25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )
四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)
26.general linguistics
27.suprasegmental features
28.root and stem
29.hierarchical structure
30.naming theory and conceptualist view
31.maxims of quality and manner
32.blending
33.sociolect
34.subvocal speech
35.contrastive analysis
五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)
36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.
(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.
(2)He saw young men and women present.
(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment
37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.
re-
un-
anti-
super-
-wise
-itis
-ize
-age

英语语言学试题（3）
第一部分 选择题
Ⅰ.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)
1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ______.
A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary
C. logical D.non-productive
2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT ______.

3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.
A.phrase structure B.surface structure
C.syntactic structure D.deep structure
4.The theory of ______ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.
A.Case Condition B.Adjacent Condition
C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters
5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______.
A.polysemy B.hyponymy
C.antonymy D.homonymy
6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ______.
A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner
7.In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.
A.use B.accept
C.generalize D.reconstruct
8.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.
A.language interpretation B.language identification
C.language choice D.language planning
9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?
　______.
A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons
C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus
10.Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.
A.the copula verb "be" B.inflectional morphemes
C.function words D.content words
第二部分 非选择题
Ⅱ.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)
11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_______ study of language.
12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o________ when a sound is produced.
13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b________ morphemes.
14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP "the boy who likes his puppy" consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s________,N the head and S the complement.
15.According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts,"to suggest that someone should see the doctor" should fall into the category of _d________.
16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s________.
17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a________ rulewhich,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.
18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s________ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.
19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h________, one on the right and one on the left.
20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t________ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.
Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%)
21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.
22.( )A general difference between phonetics